Purpose: Some patients with cancer pain are relatively less responsible to opioids, and require other strategies to improve the balance between analgesia and adverse effects. In those patients, the usage of some adjuvant analgesic drugs is recommended with opioid analgesics according to the first step of the WHO ladder for cancer pain relief. Recently, the efficacy of gabapentin for several cancer-related neuropathic pain has been reported. Case report: We present the case of a 64-years old female patient who had extensive vertebral bone destruction of C1-C2 due to metastasis of multiple myeloma, complicated with acute tetraplegia. Invasion to the retropharyngeal space by tumor enlargement seemed to increase the risk of upper airway obstruction. When our palliative care team first met her, she was suffering from the severe nape pain with allodynia at her right shoulder and incurable headache, refractory to intravenous morphine hydrochloride administration of 100mg/day (numerical rating scale; NRS 7/10). Her chief physician was negative against the dose escalation of the opioid analgesics, because of the risk of respiratory depression. Significant analgesic effect (NRS 3/10) was immediately achieved with oral gabapentin 900mg/day on day1. On day5, after gabapentin was increased up to 1,800mg/day, her nape pain was remarkably reduced to NRS 1/10, and no adverse effect was reported. Conclusion: For patients who are relatively naïve to increase of opioid analgesics, the supplementary use of adjuvant analgesic drugs would be favorable to both objectives; fewer adverse effects and reduction of the pain. Palliat Care Res 2009; 4(1): 301-306

Since students who would like to study Kampo medicine more have no opportunity to communicate each other in Northern Japanese Universities, we newly started joint study conferences held by medical students in 2013. The objectives of this paper are to report on these annually held student-based Kampo study conferences in the Hokkaido and Tohoku areas, and the ways each university studies Kampo medicine. In the conference, the students reported on their club activities. Then they studied the history of Kampo medicine and simulation of abdominal diagnosis, and performed group work on case reports together. The number of student participants in these conferences has tripled over 3 years from 18 to 58 (for a total of 111 participants). All members were satisfied with the content. And this reflects medical students' need for a wider perception of Kampo medicine, rather than a limited one gained in their university club activities. We hope this conference will play a major role in other nationwide student-based Kampo study conferences in the years to come.

Background: Consideration of cultural aspects is important in medical care. We explored regional differences in cancer and palliative care among Okinawa, Tohoku, and Tokyo metropolitan area. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey of physicians involved in cancer medicine from September to November 2020. A total of 11 items related to physician experiences were rated using a 5-point Likert-type scale. Results: Responses were received from 553 physicians (187 in Okinawa, 219 in Tohoku, 147 in the Tokyo metropolitan area). In Okinawa, “When patients die, it is important that all family members are present at the last moment,” “Patients/family members primarily consult the elders of the family about the medical treatments,” “Family members hope the patients die at home, because the soul will not return when they die at the hospital,” “Patients/family members get advice from religious advisors about the medical treatments,” and “Family members wish to take the patient home when he/she is about to die and to confirm death at home” were significantly more frequently observed. In Tohoku, “Patients wish to be hospitalized at a specific season” was significantly more frequently reported. In Tohoku and Okinawa, “Patients hide cancer from neighbors and relatives” and “Elderly patients do not want treatment, because they cover the living expenses and education expenses for their children and grandchildren.” were significantly more frequently experienced. Conclusion: There are regional differences in cancer and palliative care in Japan. Being sensitive to the culture of the region is needed.

We report a case of surgery for an infectious left subclavian artery aneurysm in a patient with metal allergy. The patient was a 41-year-old man allergic to iron, silver, manganese, and chromium. He had received a Nitinol stent in the left subclavian artery at a previous hospital. One stent had fallen out during implantation, and was put away in the terminal aorta. Ten days after the left subclavian implantation, the patient developed left shoulder pain and fever, which continued for 2 weeks. Contrastenhanced CT scan revealed a pseudoaneurysm of the left subclavian artery and abdominal aortitis. The patient underwent left subclavian artery aneurysmectomy, aorto-left subclavian artery bypass using the great saphenous vein, and removal of the stents in the left subclavian artery and abdominal aorta. The surgery was performed through a median sternotomy with cardiopulmonary support. A contrast-enhanced CT scan taken on the 12th postoperative day revealed a pseudoaneurysm of the abdominal aorta, and the patient underwent abdominal aortic artery replacement surgery on the 14th postoperative day. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the 27th day after the first surgery. The treatment of an aneurysm should be selected according to the patient’s background as well as anatomical factors.