PURPOSE: A prospective, controlled trial was conducted to evaluate growth, bone mineralization, and nutritional status receiving preterm human milk supplemented with a newly formulated Maeil human milk fortifier. METHODS: Twenty five fortified human milk-fed and preterm formula-fed infants with a birth weight < 1, 800 g and gestational age <35 weeks, who were born at Ajou University Hospital from March, 2003 through August, 2004 were studied. Growth, biochemical indices of bone mineralization, feeding tolerance, morbidity and wrist X-ray were assessed serially. Total body bone mineral density was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at 2 and 5months of age. RESULTS: There were no differences in growth, including weight, height and head circumference, between two groups. Serum Ca, P, ALP and other biochemical indices were similar. Although low grade rickets (grade I and II) were occasionally found on wrist X-ray, the rate of occurrence and severity were similar. The bone mineral densities of both group showed no difference. CONCLUSION: The fortified human milk-fed infants and preterm formula-fed infants showed no difference in growth, and bone mineralization. This newly formulated Maeil human milk fortifier can be safely used in preterm infants.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Birth Weight ; Bone Density ; Calcification, Physiologic* ; Gestational Age ; Head ; Humans* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Milk, Human* ; Nutritional Status ; Prospective Studies ; Rickets ; Wrist

The 22q11 region has been implicated in chromosomal rearrangements that result in altered gene dosage, leading to three different congenital malformation syndromes: DiGeorge syndrome, cat-eye syndrome (CES), and der(22) syndrome. Although DiGeorge syndrome is a common genomic disorder on 22q11, CES is quite rare, and there has been no report of Korean CES cases with molecular cytogenetic confirmation. In this study, we present the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of a 3-month-old boy with CES. Clinical findings included micropthalmia, multiple colobomata, and renal and genital anomalies. Cytogenetic analyses showed the presence of a supernumerary marker chromosome, which was identified as a bisatellited and isodicentric chromosome derived from an acrocentric chromosome. The results of array comparative genomic hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies confirmed the karyotype as 47,XY,+mar.ish idic(22)(q11.1) (D22S43+).arr 22q11.1(15,500,000-15,900,000)x4, resulting in a partial tetrasomy of 22q11.1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in Korea of CES confirmed by cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic analyses.
Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics ; Aneuploidy ; Chromosome Disorders/diagnosis/genetics ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics ; Coloboma/genetics ; Craniofacial Abnormalities/genetics ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Infant ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Phenotype ; *Tetrasomy ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

No abstract available.
Nephrotic Syndrome*

PURPOSE: Nocternal enuresis is a common disorder. Tricyclic antidepressant and desmopressin have been accepted pharmacological treatment for this disorder. We conducted a cooperative study to investigate the efficacy and adverse reactions of imipramine, desmopressin and combination treatment in children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis(PMNE). METHODS: Data from a large multicenter study were analysed. In the period of 8 months in 2002, the study comprised of 168 children(78 boys and 90 girls, 5 to 15 years old) with PMNE for imipramine, desmopressin or combination treatment. Before treatment a history, physical examination and laboratory tests were performed and the children were observed for 2 weeks. Response rate, adverse reactions and enuresis episodes after stopping drug administration were evaluated after 12-weeks of imipramine, desmopressin or combination of both. RESULTS: After 4 weeks, the frequency of bed wetting in all treated patients decreased during treatment significantly. Even though a 30-50% reduction in the number of wet nights were 68.6%, 74.4% and 86.1% during 12 weeks treatment by imipramine, desmopressin and both of them respectively, there was no significant difference between them. The most common adverse reaction was decreased appetite from imipramine administration. But no serious drug-related adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: Efficacy of the combination therapy of imipramine and desmopressin in PMNE appears not to be better than either drug alone. It is necessary to pay attention on account of adverse reactions during imipramine treatment even though imipramine and desmopressin were generally well tolerated.
Appetite ; Child ; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin* ; Enuresis ; Female ; Humans ; Imipramine* ; Nocturnal Enuresis* ; Physical Examination