PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the level of knowledge about dementia and to find the related factors in middle-aged adults. METHOD: The research design was a descriptive study by using a constructive self-report questionnaire with 34 items. Data were collected from 397 middle-aged adults using structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done by SPSS/WIN Programs using frequency, range from minimum to maximum, percentage, mean, SD, chi-square-test, t-test, ANOVA, and Duncan's Multiple Range test. RESULTS: The rate of correct answer of middle-aged adults was 68.7%, showing the mid-level of knowledge about dementia. There were significant differences according to age, education, marital status, job, income, information and information sources for dementia in middle-aged adults. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that Korean middle-aged adults need more education and counseling on dementia. Further studies are needed to overcome regionalism in sampling of this study and to develop standard measuring tools for the level of knowledge about dementia.
Adult* ; Counseling ; Dementia* ; Education ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Research Design ; Statistics as Topic ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.

In the present studies, changes of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in the astrocytes of the rat hippocampal formation were examined in response to the bilateral carotid artery occlusion for 10 minutes along with a decrease of mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) to 50 mmHg. Their relations to neuronal viability were also studied by H&E staining. In early postischemic period, mild increase of the GFAP expression was observed and this was not only confined to the mild-necrotic (CA3 and dentate gyrus) regions but also in the non-necrotic regions (CA1 and subiculum) at postischemic 8 h. This suggest that astrocytosis during early postischemic period may be resulted from nonspecific reaction associated with changes in brain environment. In contrast, in late phase of the postischemia, a marked increase of the GFAP expression was observed at day 4. Moreover, cell bodies were significantly larger and many prominent and numerous processes were observed, suggesting that this may also contribute to the significant increase in the GFAP expression. Importantly, these cellular changes were only confined to the regions of massive necrosis such as subiculum and inner granular cell layer of dentate gyrus and were not observed in the non-necrotic regions (except CA1). In contrast, the GFAP expression in astrocytes were returned to control levels in mildly damaged CA3 region by 4 days. Thus reactive astrocytosis with upregulation of the GFAP in the late postischemic period with structural transformation in the regions of massive necrosis may contribute to the damages in the neighboring neurons.
Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Astrocytes ; Brain ; Carotid Arteries ; Dentate Gyrus ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; Gliosis* ; Hippocampus* ; Necrosis ; Neurons ; Rats* ; Up-Regulation

No abstract available.
Nipples*

No abstract available.

The internal morphology of the right and left atria of rabbit, cat, pig, and human, particularly on the luminal structures of the auricle, were observed by stereomicroscope improving corrosion casting method using latex. Structures of the right auricular casts markedly differ from those of the left side, consisting of defined surface sturctures with distinct folds and branching patterns. The main atrial region consists of smooth surfaced single mass of the latex, and the auricular region is characterized by well developed branching patte and delicate small folds. The results of this study indicate that auricula have well organized duct-like luminal structures and many small pouches (out-pocketings) expanding the internal wall of the duct-like structures and small pouches. The endocardial nuclear imprints on the surface of the folds in the auricular region appeared larger and deeper than those on the atrium proper region of the atrial cast. These morphological observation will be aid in understanding structures of auricular lumen, regional differences of the endocardium and their function to the secretory process of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release.
Animals* ; Cats ; Corrosion Casting* ; Corrosion* ; Endocardium ; Humans ; Latex ; Methods* ; Phenobarbital* ; Secretory Pathway

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical features of long-term follow-up, and the treatment responses in Korean children with Wilson disease(WD). METHODS: The clinical data from ninety-two children with WD, diagnosed at Seoul National University Hospital from 1976 to 1999, were reviewed. Mean duration of follow-up was 5+/-4.5 years. We analysed the patient's records based on the clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and responses to the treatment. RESULTS: Age of initial presentation was 9.6+/-2.6 years. Mean age of patients who developed neurologic symptoms was 11.6 years. Initial manifestations were characterized as hepatic(70.6%), neurologic(6.5%), and both hepatic and neurologic(10.9%). Kayser-Fleischer(KF) rings were observed in 59 patients(64.1%). All neurologic patients had KF rings. Level of serum ceruloplasmin was low in 91 patients(98.9%). Multiple nodules in the liver and high signal intensity lesions in basal ganglia of the brain were observed on magnetic resonance imaging. Seventy-six patients(82.6%) showed favorable responses to penicillamine(PNC) and the rest of the patients with poor responses were treated with zinc sulfate, trientine, or liver transplantation. Neurologic symptoms improved with PNC in ten out of sixteen patients. However, despite PNC treatment, six patients deteriorated neurologically. Factors affecting the poor response to PNC were associated with the presence of fulminant hepatitis, hemolysis, and KF ring. Ten patients expired due to fulminant hepatitis(9), and hepatocellular carcinoma(1). Most of them died within five months after initial presentations. Ten-year survival rate was 85.4%. CONCLUSION: WD in children begins with various manifestations. PNC is an effective and safe drug to treat WD in most cases. However, the supplementary modalities such as zinc sulfate, trientine and liver transplantation should be considered when the patients show poor responses or adverse reactions to PNC.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Ceruloplasmin ; Child* ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Hemolysis ; Hepatitis ; Hepatolenticular Degeneration* ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Transplantation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Penicillamine ; Prognosis ; Seoul ; Survival Rate ; Transplantation ; Trientine ; Zinc ; Zinc Sulfate

No abstract available.
Diarrhea* ; Korea*

The purpose of this study was to analyze the minimum two year clinical and radiological results of revision total hip arthroplasties using allogenic chip bone graft and cement in acetabular bone deficiencies. Thirty six revision total hip arthroplasties that had been performed in thirty four patients between Sep. 1992 and May. 1994 at Seoul Paik Hospital and had followed more than two years were included in this study. The clinical result was evaluated by Harris hip score. The mean Harris hip score was 48 points preoperatively, 88 points at final follow-up, a mean of 3 years after revision. In radiological evaluation, osseous union between grafted bone and host bone was seen within 4 months in thirty two hips (89%), a complete grafted bone-cement radiolucent line of two millimeter or more in at least one zone was seen in seven hips (19%) and acetabular component migration was seen in six hips (17%) at postoperative 3 year follow-up radiograph. At the time of follow-up, five hips (14%) had been revised a second time: three for aseptic acetabular loosening, two for infection. In conclusion, we recommend the technique using allogenic chip bone graft and cement to reconstruct the acetabular bone deficiencies in revision total hip arthroplasties, though other technique will be recommend in severe segmental acetabular deficiencies or previous infection.
Acetabulum* ; Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Humans ; Seoul ; Transplants*

No abstract available.
Injections, Intramuscular* ; Pilomatrixoma* ; Vaccination