No abstract available.
Thyroid Gland*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Balloon Valvuloplasty* ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis* ; Pulmonary Valve*

Immunohistochemical staining on paraffin sections for S-100 protein improved diagnostic accuracy for melanocytic tumor. But specificity of S-100 protein in the diagnosis of melanocytic tumor is very low, because S-100 protein was also expressed in neurogenic tumor and salivary gland tumor. To investigate a specific tumor marker for the malignant melanoma, immunohistochemical staining for HMB-45 and S-100 protein was performed on the paraffin sections of 25 cases of malignant melanoma and 46 cases of nevi. Positive reaction for HMB-45 and S-100 protein was diffusely identified in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. Positive ratio for HMB-45 was 100% in malignant melanoma, 92% in junctional component of compound nevus and 0% in intradermal nevus. Positive ratio for S-100 protein was 92% in malignant melanoma, 100% in compound nevus and 100% in intradermal nevus. The sensitivity and specificity for HMB-45 in malignant melanoma were 100%, but those for S-100 protein were 92% in sensitivity and 86.7% in specificity. These results indicate that HMB-45 has a high sensitivity and specificity for malignant melanoma cells and it can be quite useful for the histopathological diagnosis of malignant melanoma.
Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tumor Markers, Biological

Recently we experienced two cases of cerebral cavernous hemangioma in children at Pediatric Department of Yonsei Medical School. We are reporting these two cases with literature review.
Child* ; Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System* ; Humans ; Schools, Medical

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Maxillary Sinus* ; Nose* ; Papilloma, Inverted*

No abstract available.
Nipples*

Rett syndrome is progressive neurodegenerative disorder in female patients, characterized by autistic behavior, mental retardation, loss of purposeful hand skills, stereotypic hand movement, breathing dysfunction, severely impaired language, ataxia, and seizure. The diagnosis of Rett syndrome is based on its characteristic clinical manifestation and course. The electroencephalographic (EEG) findings of Rett syndrome are nonspecific, but a progressive deterioration in the EEG, characterized by a slowing of background activity and spike sharp wave discharges, may be observed. We experienced one case of Rett syndrome in a 5 year old girl having mental retardation, loss of purposeful hand skills, stereotypic hand movements (clapping, washing, hand-to-mouth), breathing dysfunction (hyperventilation/apnea). Her EEG findings on Video-EEG monitoring are excessive slowing waves during awake state and frequent spike discharges from left or centrotemporal area during sleeping. We report a case of Rett syndrome with brief review of related literatures.
Ataxia ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Respiration ; Rett Syndrome* ; Seizures

The author has studied on the differences in blood pictures, especially the differences of blood pictures in capillary blood and venous blood, in 25 premature babies and 50 term babies from birth to 7 days of age sequentially during the period of 6 monts from April 1980 to Sept. 1980. The results are summarized as follws; 1. As comparing blood pictures with term babies, premature babies showed somewhat lower values in erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit. MCV, MCH, leucocyte and platelet but somewhat higher values in reticulocyte and MCHC. 2. As comparing blood pictures with the venous blood, the capillary blood showed significantly higher values in erythrocyte, hemoglobin and hematocrit during the neonatal period in both premature babies and term babies, but showed somewhat lower values in MCV, MCH, MCHC, and platelet. 3. According to the time of clamping the umbilical cord after birth, there were significant differences of blood pictures between early and late clamping of the umbilical cord. 4. The highest mean erythrocyte counts in both term babies and premaature babies were 5,896,000/cub.mm and 5,542,000/cub.mm at 3-6 hours after birth. Those values were gradually decreased to 5,104,000/cub.mm and 4,753,000/cub.mm on the 6th-7the day of life. 5. The highest average hemoglobin levels in both term babies and premature babies were 21.1gm/dl and 19.5gm/dl at 3-6 hours after birth. Those values were gradually decreased to 18.1gm/dl and 17.1gm/dl on the 6th-7th day of life. 6. The mean values of hematocrit in both term babies and premature babies were higest, 64.5% and 59.9% at 3-6 hours after birth. Those values were gradually decreased to 54.8% and 50.2% on the 6th-7the of life. 7. The average total serum protein levels in both term babies and premature babies were 5.76gm/dl and 5.22gm/dl at birth. Those values were increased to 6.45gm/dl and 5.74gm/dl at 3- hours after birth. 8. The average MCV in both term babies and premature babies showed highest values, 114.2fl and 110.1fl at birth. Those values were gradually decreased to 107.0fl and 103.4fl on the 6th-7th day of life. 9. The average MCH in both term babies and premature babies showed highest values, 36.8pg and 35.3pg at birth. Those values were gradually decreased to 107.0fl and 103.4fl on the 6th-7th day of life. 10. The average MCHC in both term babies and premature babies showed constant levels, 31.3-32.0% and 32.2-33.1% from birth to 7the day of life. 11. The average platelet counts in both term babies and premature babies were 243,000/cub.mm and 229,000/cub.mm during the first 4 days of life. Those values were gradually increased to 283,000/cub.mm and 253,000/cub.mm on the 6th-7the day of life. 12. The highest reticulocyte counts in both term babies and premature babies were 3.1% and 3.6% at the age of 3-6 hours. Those values were rapidly dropped down from 4th day to 7th day of life, decreasing from 1.7% and 1.9% to 1.0% and 1.3%. 13. The highest llecucyte counts in both term babies and premature babies were 25,794/cub.mm and 23,363/cub.mm at the age of 3-6 hours. Both values were gradually decreased to 13,213/cub.mm and 11,870/cub.mm on the 6th-7th day of life.
Blood Platelets ; Capillaries ; Constriction ; Erythrocyte Count ; Erythrocytes ; Hematocrit ; Parturition ; Platelet Count ; Reticulocyte Count ; Reticulocytes ; Umbilical Cord

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of aortic arch obstruction can be made with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography in most cases.However,not infrequently,clear imaging of the aortic arch can not be obtained,particularly in sick neonates and young infants from a number of reasons and heart catheterization and angiography carries significant risk in sick babies.Therefore it is the purpose of this study to assess the feasibility and safety of counter-current aortography through a peripheral artery in young infants and neotates with suspected aortic arch obstruction. METHOD: We studied 56 patients with suspected aortic arch anomaly at Asian Medical Center from Feburary 1990 to April 1997.First choice for the peripheral artery was radial artery on the same side as the aortic arch,followed by brachial artery and axillary artery.Small 24 gauge plastic cannula was inserted and special attention was given to ensure that the peripheral artery,plastic cannula,and a syringe containing contrast material are all in the same plane.1ml/kg of contrast material was injected by rapid hand injection and biplane cineangiograms were taken at 60 frame/second. RESULTS: Fifty six patients underwent 58 angiograms.Age ranged from 5-255 days(median 30 days) and body weight nanged from 2.1-5.4kg(mean3.4kg).There were 27 males and 29 females.Arteries used were:Radial artery in 37,brachal artery in 19,and axillary artery in 2 cases.Peripheral arteries were ipsilateral side as the aortic arch in 54,contralateral side in 2 and bilateral in 2 cases.In 8 patients heart catheterization was done because of inadequate visualization of aortic arch anatomy and/or need for evaluating other defects.In 48 patients who had periperal angiography only,fluoroscopic time ranged from 0.6 to 3.5 minutes and total procedure time ranged from 10 to 15 minutes.Among these 48 patients,only 11 patients(23%) were given intraveous sedation and 37 patients(77%) did not recieve any sedation.Diagnosis of aortic arch anomaly was aortic coarctation in 38,aortic interruption in 10 and nomal aortic arch in 8 patients.Aortic arch anatomy was well demonstrated in all cases where injected artery was on the same side as the aortic arch.In patients who had angiograms through peripheral arteries contralateral to the side of the aortic arch did not haveadequate visualization of the arch.Compression of the carotid artery did not enhance the imaging of the arch.Simultanous bilateral angiography did not improve the imaging quality as compared to ipsilateral artery angiography.Transient complication,related to cannulation,e.g.,prolonged bleeding was seen in only one patient with aortic interruption.Circulation on the upper extremities was normal after angiography in all patients. CONCLUSION: Counter-current aortography using 24 gauge plastic cannular through peripheral artery is feasible,rapid,safe,economic and relatevely non-invasive procedure and provides adquate imaging of aortic arch obstruction in infants and neonates without risk of heart catheterization and angiography.We,therefore,recommend this procedure in selected patients in whom echocardiographic imaging alone is not conclusive for planning corrective sursery.
Angiography ; Aorta, Thoracic* ; Aortic Coarctation ; Aortography* ; Arteries* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Axillary Artery ; Body Weight ; Brachial Artery ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Carotid Arteries ; Catheters ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Hand ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn* ; Male ; Plastics ; Radial Artery ; Syringes ; Upper Extremity