PURPOSE: There is a traditional belief that the oriental squatting position could be harmful to a femoral artery-graft anastomosis. Should patients be advised not to squat after a femoral artery bypass-graft? We studied the morphological changes during squatting to determine if there were any negative effects on the anastomosis configuration. METHOD: For a fluoroscopic marker, after the anastomosis at least five 2 mm Hemo-clips(R) (Telefix, Inc., US) with an interval of 1 mm, were left along the PTFE graft and native artery in eight patients. Five patients (10 limbs) were evaluated by fluoroscopy at 2 weeks post surgery. X-rays were taken serially for lateral views of the hip joint supine, in hip flexion (90 degrees) and in the knee to chest position, which simulated squatting. The angle of the graft-artery at each position was measured in the PACS computer screen. RESULT: The angle for each position in the 10 limbs was studied. The mean angle changed from supine to the knee-chest position and was 22.2 degrees. The larger angle between the abdominal wall and the graft was reduced in all cases, which means that the shape of the graft-artery became T-shaped. CONCLUSION: The configuration of the graft-artery after squatting became T-shaped, which was contrary to our belief that the angle would decrease between the abdominal wall and the graft. There is no evidence that this configuration would have a negative influence on the graft patency.
Abdominal Wall ; Arteries ; Extremities ; Femoral Artery ; Fluoroscopy ; Hip ; Hip Joint ; Humans ; Knee ; Knee-Chest Position ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Thorax ; Transplants

Although gravid uterine incarceration is typically diagnosed during the early second trimester, we encountered two unusual cases in early pregnancy. A 34-year-old multiparous woman with adenomyosis presented at 7 + 2 weeks of gestation with increased urinary frequency and a sensation of incomplete bladder emptying. The uterine incarceration was successfully reduced by manual reduction and pessary insertion, and she delivered a normal infant at term. In the second case, a 31-year-old nulliparous woman with a large myoma complained of dysuria, acute urinary retention, and intense back pain at 6 weeks of gestation. Manual reduction was successful in the knee-chest position. Subsequent pessary insertion failed; however, a slight reduction in pain was achieved. After a week, the fetus spontaneously aborted. In summary, gravid uterine incarceration is a rare but potentially fatal condition for the fetus, and a suspicion of this condition in patients with urinary symptoms, especially urinary retention and pelvic pain, is important in the early gestation period.
Adenomyosis* ; Adult ; Back Pain ; Dysuria ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Infant ; Knee-Chest Position ; Myoma* ; Pelvic Pain ; Pessaries ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Sensation ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Retention ; Uterine Diseases ; Uterus*