In order to elucidate muscle functional changes by acute reloading, contractile and fatigue properties of the rat soleus muscle were investigated at three weeks of hindlimb suspension and the following 1 hr, 5 hr, 1 d, and 2 weeks of reloading. Compared to age-matched controls, three weeks of unloading caused significant changes in myofibrillar alignments, muscle mass relative to body mass (-43%), normalized tension (-35%), shortening velocity (+143%), and response times. Further significant changes were not observed during early reloading, because the transitional reverse process was gradual rather than abrupt. Although most of the muscle properties returned to the control level after two weeks of reloading, full recovery of the tissue would require more than the two-week period. Delayed recovery due to factors such as myofibrillar arrangement and fatigue resistance was apparent, which should be considered for rehabilitation after a long-term spaceflight or bed-rest.
Animals ; Hindlimb Suspension ; Lactic Acid/metabolism ; Microscopy, Electron ; Muscle Contraction/*physiology ; Muscle Fatigue/*physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/cytology/*physiology ; Myofibrils/ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Weight-Bearing/physiology

Purpose: This study aims to prospectively analyze the effects of anticholinergic therapy using imidafenacin on detrusor overactivity occurring after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Materials and Methods: Patients were followed-up at outpatient visits 2–4 weeks post-surgery (visit 2) to confirm the presence of urinary incontinence. Those confirmed with urinary incontinence were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the anticholinergic medication group (imidafenacin 0.1 mg twice daily) or the control group. Patients were followed-up at 1, 3, and 6 months post-surgery for observational assessments, including the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS). Results: A total of 49 patients (25 in the treatment group and 24 in the control group) were randomized for the study. There were no differences observed between the groups in terms of age, comorbidities, prostate size, or pathological staging. According to the IPSS questionnaire results, there was no statistically significant difference between the medication and control groups (p=0.161).However, when comparing storage and voiding symptoms separately, there was a statistically significant improvement in storage symptom scores (p=0.012). OABSS also revealed statistically significant improvement in symptoms from 3 months post-surgery (p=0.005), which persisted until 6 months post-surgery (IPSS storage: p=0.023, OABSS: p=0.013). Conclusions In the case of urinary incontinence that occurs after RARP, even if the function of the intrinsic sphincter is sufficiently preserved, if urinary incontinence persists due to changes in the bladder, pharmacological therapy using imidafenacin can be beneficial in managing urinary incontinence.

Purpose: This study aims to prospectively analyze the effects of anticholinergic therapy using imidafenacin on detrusor overactivity occurring after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Materials and Methods: Patients were followed-up at outpatient visits 2–4 weeks post-surgery (visit 2) to confirm the presence of urinary incontinence. Those confirmed with urinary incontinence were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the anticholinergic medication group (imidafenacin 0.1 mg twice daily) or the control group. Patients were followed-up at 1, 3, and 6 months post-surgery for observational assessments, including the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS). Results: A total of 49 patients (25 in the treatment group and 24 in the control group) were randomized for the study. There were no differences observed between the groups in terms of age, comorbidities, prostate size, or pathological staging. According to the IPSS questionnaire results, there was no statistically significant difference between the medication and control groups (p=0.161).However, when comparing storage and voiding symptoms separately, there was a statistically significant improvement in storage symptom scores (p=0.012). OABSS also revealed statistically significant improvement in symptoms from 3 months post-surgery (p=0.005), which persisted until 6 months post-surgery (IPSS storage: p=0.023, OABSS: p=0.013). Conclusions In the case of urinary incontinence that occurs after RARP, even if the function of the intrinsic sphincter is sufficiently preserved, if urinary incontinence persists due to changes in the bladder, pharmacological therapy using imidafenacin can be beneficial in managing urinary incontinence.

Purpose: This study aims to prospectively analyze the effects of anticholinergic therapy using imidafenacin on detrusor overactivity occurring after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Materials and Methods: Patients were followed-up at outpatient visits 2–4 weeks post-surgery (visit 2) to confirm the presence of urinary incontinence. Those confirmed with urinary incontinence were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the anticholinergic medication group (imidafenacin 0.1 mg twice daily) or the control group. Patients were followed-up at 1, 3, and 6 months post-surgery for observational assessments, including the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS). Results: A total of 49 patients (25 in the treatment group and 24 in the control group) were randomized for the study. There were no differences observed between the groups in terms of age, comorbidities, prostate size, or pathological staging. According to the IPSS questionnaire results, there was no statistically significant difference between the medication and control groups (p=0.161).However, when comparing storage and voiding symptoms separately, there was a statistically significant improvement in storage symptom scores (p=0.012). OABSS also revealed statistically significant improvement in symptoms from 3 months post-surgery (p=0.005), which persisted until 6 months post-surgery (IPSS storage: p=0.023, OABSS: p=0.013). Conclusions In the case of urinary incontinence that occurs after RARP, even if the function of the intrinsic sphincter is sufficiently preserved, if urinary incontinence persists due to changes in the bladder, pharmacological therapy using imidafenacin can be beneficial in managing urinary incontinence.

Purpose: This study aims to prospectively analyze the effects of anticholinergic therapy using imidafenacin on detrusor overactivity occurring after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Materials and Methods: Patients were followed-up at outpatient visits 2–4 weeks post-surgery (visit 2) to confirm the presence of urinary incontinence. Those confirmed with urinary incontinence were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the anticholinergic medication group (imidafenacin 0.1 mg twice daily) or the control group. Patients were followed-up at 1, 3, and 6 months post-surgery for observational assessments, including the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS). Results: A total of 49 patients (25 in the treatment group and 24 in the control group) were randomized for the study. There were no differences observed between the groups in terms of age, comorbidities, prostate size, or pathological staging. According to the IPSS questionnaire results, there was no statistically significant difference between the medication and control groups (p=0.161).However, when comparing storage and voiding symptoms separately, there was a statistically significant improvement in storage symptom scores (p=0.012). OABSS also revealed statistically significant improvement in symptoms from 3 months post-surgery (p=0.005), which persisted until 6 months post-surgery (IPSS storage: p=0.023, OABSS: p=0.013). Conclusions In the case of urinary incontinence that occurs after RARP, even if the function of the intrinsic sphincter is sufficiently preserved, if urinary incontinence persists due to changes in the bladder, pharmacological therapy using imidafenacin can be beneficial in managing urinary incontinence.

Preceding infection or inflammation such as bacterial meningitis has been associated with poor outcomes after stroke. Previously, we reported that intracorpus callosum microinjection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) strongly accelerated the ischemia/reperfusion-evoked brain tissue damage via recruiting inflammatory cells into the ischemic lesion. Simvastatin, 3-hydroxy-3-methylgultaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitor, has been shown to reduce inflammatory responses in vascular diseases. Thus, we investigated whether simvastatin could reduce the LPS-accelerated ischemic injury. Simvastatin (20 mg/kg) was orally administered to rats prior to cerebral ischemic insults (4 times at 72, 48, 25, and 1-h pre-ischemia). LPS was microinjected into rat corpus callosum 1 day before the ischemic injury. Treatment of simvastatin reduced the LPS-accelerated infarct size by 73%, and decreased the ischemia/reperfusion-induced expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators such as iNOS, COX-2 and IL-1beta in LPS-injected rat brains. However, simvastatin did not reduce the infiltration of microglial/macrophageal cells into the LPS-pretreated brain lesion. In vitro migration assay also showed that simvastatin did not inhibit the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-evoked migration of microglial/macrophageal cells. Instead, simvastatin inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB, a key signaling event in expressions of various proinflammatory mediators, by decreasing the degradation of IkappaB. The present results indicate that simvastatin may be beneficial particularly to the accelerated cerebral ischemic injury under inflammatory or infectious conditions.
Animals ; Brain ; Corpus Callosum ; Inflammation ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Macrophages ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; Microglia ; Microinjections ; Monocytes ; NF-kappa B ; Oxidoreductases ; Rats ; Simvastatin* ; Stroke ; Vascular Diseases

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), which are volume-based PET parameters, using 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT) in patients with surgically resectable lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 149 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT before surgical resection. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), MTV, and TLG of the primary tumor with threshold value of SUVmax 30, 40, and 50% were calculated, respectively. To compare the predictive performance of volume-based PET parameters, recurrence-free survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The study included 70 males and 79 females with an average age of 65.8 years. The median follow-up time was 45.4 months. Recurrence was observed in 53 patients (35.6%). The mean ± SD SUVmax, MTV30%, and TLG(30%) of the entire cohort were 4.79 ± 2.94, 19.45 ± 24.85, and 56.43 ± 101.88, respectively. The cut-off values of MTV30% and TLG(30%) for recurrence were 11.07 ad 30.56, respectively. The 1-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate was 96.5% in low-MTV30% patients compared with 86.2% in high-MTV30% patients (p = 0.018) and 96.0% in low-TLG(30%) patients compared with 88.5% in high-TLG(30%) patients (p < 0.001). On univariate and multivariate analysis, TLG(30%) (HR, 2.828, p < 0.001; HR, 2.738, p < 0.001, respectively) was an independent prognostic factor for predicting recurrence-free survival (RFS). CONCLUSION TLG(30%) value was observed to be a significant prognostic factor for RFS in patients with lung adenocarcinoma treated by surgical resection.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), which are volume-based PET parameters, using 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT) in patients with surgically resectable lung adenocarcinoma.METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 149 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT before surgical resection. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), MTV, and TLG of the primary tumor with threshold value of SUVmax 30, 40, and 50% were calculated, respectively. To compare the predictive performance of volume-based PET parameters, recurrence-free survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method.RESULTS: The study included 70 males and 79 females with an average age of 65.8 years. The median follow-up time was 45.4 months. Recurrence was observed in 53 patients (35.6%). The mean ± SD SUVmax, MTV30%, and TLG(30%) of the entire cohort were 4.79 ± 2.94, 19.45 ± 24.85, and 56.43 ± 101.88, respectively. The cut-off values of MTV30% and TLG(30%) for recurrence were 11.07 ad 30.56, respectively. The 1-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate was 96.5% in low-MTV30% patients compared with 86.2% in high-MTV30% patients (p = 0.018) and 96.0% in low-TLG(30%) patients compared with 88.5% in high-TLG(30%) patients (p < 0.001). On univariate and multivariate analysis, TLG(30%) (HR, 2.828, p < 0.001; HR, 2.738, p < 0.001, respectively) was an independent prognostic factor for predicting recurrence-free survival (RFS).CONCLUSION: TLG(30%) value was observed to be a significant prognostic factor for RFS in patients with lung adenocarcinoma treated by surgical resection.
Adenocarcinoma ; Cohort Studies ; Electrons ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glycolysis ; Humans ; Lung ; Male ; Methods ; Multivariate Analysis ; Positron-Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Tumor Burden