Paragonimiasis is one of the most important endemic diseases in Korea. However, recognition of the limitation of microscopic examination of sputum and feces for Paragonimus eggs has led to the investigation of immunoserological techniques for paragonimiasis. The other hand, bithionol preparation has been used as a drug of choice in paragonimiasis but recently niclofolan preparation has introduced as a new agent. By the time, the authors attempted the evaluation of above both agents against experimental rat paragonimiasis by immunoelectrophoresis and Ouchterlony test. The immunoeletrophoresis and Ouchterlony tests were performed according to the method Tsuji and Grabar et Williams respectively, with antigen extracted from lyophilized worm of P. westermani with 0.1 per cemt saline solution. Meanwhile, rats were infected with per os 20 metacercariae of P. westermani above two kinds of serologic tests and were undertaken at biweekly intervals. Then, bithionol was administered every other day for 5 successively for 2 weeks or 6 weeks after infection. Another groups, niclofolan was administered per os single dose same as above. The sera from the rats infected with P. westermani, after treatment with bithionol or niclofolan preparations began to show the precipitin bands against P. westermani antigen 8 weeks after the infection in immunoelectrophoresis and Ouchterlony test, but from 10 or 12 weeks after infection, the number of bands were decreased or disappeared gradually. In genera1, the sera from the rats treated with bithionol or niclofolan showed the precipitin bands delaying 2 weeks than control rat groups. The sera from the rats administered with hydrocortisone showed precipitin bands neither in immunoelectrophoresis nor in Ouchterlony test.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Paragonimus westermani ; paragonimiasis ; rat ; immunoelectrophoresis ; immunology ; bithionol-chemotherapy ; bithionol

The purpose of this study was to assess the negative effects of some factors on medicine-taking behavior. For the patients taking oral medication who visited a health insurance pharmacy, we enacted the actual situation of medication and conducted an attitude survey on the feeling of burden and resistance of taking the drugs. The survey also covered the factors that can influence medicine-taking behavior and the extent of the influence. For differences in each factor such as patient characteristics, lifestyle, and medication status, we used the 2 test to analyze the association with medicine-taking behavior. We found significant differences in age, dietary habits, occupation, periodic consultation with the pharmacy/doctor, and unpleasant experiences. In addition, in patients with multiple factors that cause noncompliance with medication, we observed a strong influence of age and occupation. From the factor analysis, we obtained data on time, quantity, and pharmaceutical factors (three factors called regular factors). These factors negatively influenced the use of medication by the patients. Next, in the covariance structure analysis, the influence of time and the quantity factor on medication-related stress was the observed to be the strongest, whereas the influence of the regular factors was not significant. Furthermore, there were differences in the influence of these factors depending on patient characteristics.

This study aimed to investigate pharmacy service needs of patients and peace of mind of patients in relation to out-of-hours pharmacy services. For patients who came to the health insurance pharmacy, we conducted a survey on the patients’ attitudes toward composition and consultation needs and peace on mind in relation to out-of-hours pharmacy services to investigate the potential characteristic of the needs regarding pharmacy services. We also found that a factor that influenced their peace of mind with regard to services offered by pharmacies was out-of-hours dispensation services. We analyzed patient attributes and local and composition and consultation needs using chi-square test. As a result, significant difference was observed in a ratio of distribution of the composition needs in six items including “sex” and “age.” Similarly, significant difference was observed in four items including “sex.” In addition, in a patient with multiple factors that needs becomes higher, it was shown that composition and consultation had a big influence of “the living together with a child.” The patient attribute that composition and consultation became high in the needs together was “a woman”, “under 60 years old”, “the living together with a child” and “local region”. For analysis by Generalized Linear Model, the two factors of “consultation during holiday,” “nighttime dispensation” were extracted. Furthermore, in a crowd “a woman” and “local region”, “consultation during holiday” was extracted, and a difference was seen in influence in a case for the whole. In this study, it became clear that pharmacy service to give the peace of mind to a patient was a holiday and night composition. From the result, in the community medicine system, it was suggested that the improvement of these service offers was important.