No abstract available.
Humans ; Lung Diseases*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Lung Diseases*

No abstract available.
Classification* ; Lung Diseases*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe hospital nurses' knowledge and beliefs about hand hygiene and to identify the relationships between knowledge and beliefs. METHODS: Data were collected from 232 nurses working in four university hospitals and were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. RESULTS: The mean score of knowledge of hand hygiene was 8.1. The mean scores of behavioral, normative, and control belief about hand hygiene were 2.3, 2.5, and -0.7, respectively. Knowledge was correlated with educational level (p=.013) and experience of hand hygiene campaign (p=.018). The behavioral belief was correlated with age (p<.001) and career (p=.002). The normative belief was correlated with work department (p=.007). The control belief was correlated with educational level (p=.043) and experience of being monitored on hand hygiene (p=.010). The subjects who believed that head nurses, charge nurses, and colleagues practiced better hand hygiene had higher behavioral and normative belief scores than those who did not. There were no significant relationships between knowledge and beliefs. CONCLUSION: There is a need to improve knowledge of hand hygiene in hospital nurses. This study provides information for developing strategies to strengthen beliefs about hand hygiene.
Hand ; Hand Hygiene ; Hospitals, University ; Infection Control ; Nursing, Supervisory

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy* ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung*

BACKGROUND: Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is one of the principal inducers of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in lymphocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effect of IL-18 on the expression of chemokine IP-10(CXCL10) mRNA in C57BL/6 mouse peritoneal macrophages was studied by using Northern blot analysis, enzyme linked immunosobent assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULTS: IL-18 was determined to exert no direct effect on the expression of IP-10(CXCL10) mRNA. However, IL-18 pretreatment was determined to play a cooperative role in the synergistic induction of LPS-induced IP-10(CXCL10) mRNA expression. The effect associated with IL-18 pretreatment with regard to the synergistic induction of LPS-induced IP-10 (CXCL10) mRNA expression was detected after 16 hr of IL-18 pretreatment, administered prior to LPS stimulation. The pattern of NF-kB binding activity during IL-18 pretreatment with LPS stimulation was found to coincide with the expression of IP-10(CXCL10) mRNA. CONCLUSION: Although IL-18 alone exerts no direct effect on the expression of chemokine IP-10(CXCL10), a definite period of IL-18 pretreatment induces the synergistic expression of LPS-induced IP-10(CXCL10) mRNA. NF-kB activation is a component of this synergistic effect of IL-18 pretreatment. These results provide useful information, which may facilitate the elucidation of the action mechanisms underlying IL-18 effect on the expression of IP-10(CXCL10) mRNA.
Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Interferon-gamma ; Interleukin-18* ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages, Peritoneal ; Mice ; NF-kappa B ; RNA, Messenger* ; Up-Regulation*

We herein describe two cases of sudoriparous angioma consisting of increased number of eccrine sweat glands associated with angiomatous vascular channels. Case 1 is a 16 year-old girl developing two, painful and tender cavernous hemangiomas which sweated whenever compressed. These were located on her left gluteal area since early childhood. The biopsy specimen revealed an increased number of cystically dilated eccrine glands in the mid-dermis in addition to vascular components in the lower dermis. Case 2 is a five year-old girl manifesting non-tender, slightly hyperhidrotic nevus flammeus-like eruption on her left suprapopliteal area since birth, the biapsy apecimen of which revealed an increased number of eccrine glands admixed with capillary hemangioma in the mid-dermis.
Adolescent ; Biopsy ; Dermis ; Eccrine Glands ; Female ; Hemangioma* ; Hemangioma, Capillary ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; Humans ; Nevus ; Parturition ; Sweat ; Sweat Glands

In order to evaluate the effectiveness of clocortolone pivalate(Purantix) on corticosteroid responsive dermatoses, a symmetical paired. comparison technique was performed using 0. 1% clocortolone pivalate and 0. 025% triamcinolone acetonide creams. During the pericd of 7 months from September 1977 to March 1978, 37 patients with bilateral lesions of contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis atopic dermatitis, lichen simplex chronicus and psoriasis were selected and treated with afore mentioned drugs, In the 15 psoriatic patients, clocrtolone pivalate was superior in 3, triamcinolone acetonide was superior in 2, 4oth drugs were equally effective in 10. In the evaluation of all 37 patients clocortolone pivalate was superior in 8, triamcinolone acetonide was sureior in 3, both drugs were equally effective in 26. The overall superiority of clocortolone pivalate to triamcinolone acetonide was non significant, There was no side effects with either drug. The simplicity of the vasoconstriction tcst has led to its general use in the study of the potency of new topical steroids. In the 6h occluded single-application vasocon-strictor test performed on 40 healthy students, there was no significant difference between clocortolone pivalate and triamcinolone acetonide, but they significantly d.ifferent from 1% hydrocortisone and the control; a simple ointment base(p<0.01).
Dermatitis, Atopic ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Dermatitis, Seborrheic ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Neurodermatitis ; Psoriasis ; Skin Diseases* ; Skin* ; Steroids ; Triamcinolone Acetonide ; Vasoconstriction

It is well known that leprosy bacilli have a special affinity for peripheral nerves, especially Schwann cells but also including perineurial cells and endothelial cells of endoneurial blood vessels. The Schwann cells, after invasion by and saturation with multiplied M. leprae, are destroyed and segmental demyelination and Wallerian degeneration follow. This condition, then is known to be the main neural pathogenosis in early leprosy. It is rarely observed that the progressive paralysis occurs in arrested leprosy patients under adequate treatment. Therefore, the authors performed a histopathologic study of 80 peripheral nerves obtained from the autopsies of 10 old lepromatous leprosy patients including two active cases whose disease durations ranged from 6 to 49 years. The authors arbitrarily divided all the histopathologic findings into 5 grades on the basis of 1) difference in pathological findings in relation to disease duration and bacterial index, and 2) the coexistence of various lesions within the same nerve trunk. As the disease progresses the destroyed nerve fibers are replaced by fibrous and granulation tissue while the perineurial reaction increases. The cellular reaction is minimal in the low grades. There is a slightly early increased vasculature probably due to M. leprae and later a more pronounced increase with large vessels indicating the presence of the granulation process. There is minimum to moderate interfascicular reaction throughout every grade, ie. increased cellularity, vessel wall thickening and increased numbers of vessels with fibrosis. Acid-fast bacilli were demonstrated only in the active cases. The coexistence of different fascicular lesions within the same nerve trunk of peripheral nerve and of femoral nerves mear the spinal cord indicates the presence of some perineurial inhibitory effect which, while promoting the centripetal spread of, prevents the transfascicular spread of M. leprae for some time.
Autopsy ; Blood Vessels ; Demyelinating Diseases ; Endothelial Cells ; Femoral Nerve ; Fibrosis ; Granulation Tissue ; Humans ; Leprosy* ; Leprosy, Lepromatous ; Nerve Fibers ; Paralysis ; Peripheral Nerves* ; Schwann Cells ; Spinal Cord ; Wallerian Degeneration