No abstract available.
Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone*

We found an error in our published article: Contents of footnote to the authors declare that they have no conflict of interset will be deleted.

PURPOSE: This study identifies accident sequences from the past accidents in order to help the risk analysis application to the external radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study reviews 59 accidental cases in two retrospective safety analyses that have collected the incidents in the external radiotherapy extensively. Two accident analysis reports that accumulated past incidents are investigated to identify accident sequences including initiating events, failure of safety measures, and consequences. This study classifies the accidents by the treatments stages and sources of errors for initiating events, types of failures in the safety measures, and types of undesirable consequences and the number of affected patients. Then, the accident sequences are grouped into several categories on the basis of similarity of progression. As a result, these cases can be categorized into 14 groups of accident sequence. RESULTS: The result indicates that risk analysis needs to pay attention to not only the planning stage, but also the calibration stage that is committed prior to the main treatment process. It also shows that human error is the largest contributor to initiating events as well as to the failure of safety measures. This study also illustrates an event tree analysis for an accident sequence initiated in the calibration. CONCLUSION: This study is expected to provide sights into the accident sequences for the prospective risk analysis through the review of experiences.
Calibration ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment

No abstract available.
Endocrine Disruptors* ; Humans*

As a result of heightened awareness that ophthalmologic examinations are essential for diagnosis and management of certain systemic diseases, the number of patients referred to the department of ophthalmology by other specialists have increased. This paper presents a statistical analysis of the in-patients referred from other departments for ophthalmologic evaluations at the Yonsei University Severance Hospital. Among the total 9.350 in-patients of Severance Hospital excluding the admissions to the department of ophthalmology during the six month period from November of 1970 to April of 1971, 200 patients (2.1%) were send for ophthalmologic consultations. They consisted of 127 (63.5%) males and 73(36.5%) females, and the incidence was high at the fifth decade (40 patients, 20%) followed by in order of frequency forth, sixth, third, and second decades. The patients were referred most frequently by internists (91 patients, 45.5%) followed by psychiatrists, obstetrician, and neurologists, etc. in that order. The underlying diseases necessitated the ophthalmologic consultations were diseases of cardiovascular system (43 patients, 21.5%), and of nervous system, trauma, and toxemias of pregnancies, etc. Seventy-nine patients demonstrated no specific findings in the eyes, and 59 of the remaining 121 patients had retinal changes. Diseases of the lids, conjunctivae, refraction, and the lens followed. There were 51 patients with hypertensive retinopathy among the 59 patients with retinal changes.
Cardiovascular System ; Conjunctiva ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertensive Retinopathy ; Incidence ; Male ; Nervous System ; Ophthalmology ; Pregnancy ; Psychiatry ; Referral and Consultation ; Retinaldehyde ; Specialization ; Toxemia

No abstract available.
Chorion* ; Chorionic Villi Sampling* ; Chorionic Villi* ; Female ; In Situ Hybridization* ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans

No abstract available.
Aged* ; Humans ; Nutritional Support* ; Postoperative Care* ; Stomach Neoplasms*

No abstract available.

Urinalysis is the most convenient and important diagnostic tool for the kidney diseases. Abnormal urinary findings provide powerful information for the diagnosis of a kidney disease. There are several common urinary abnormalities without subjective symptoms : hematuria, proteinuria, and asymptomatic bacteriuria. There are many causes of hematuria : glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, vascular diseases, cystic kidney disease, renal calculi, coagulation disorders, urinary tract infection, trauma, and tumors. It is essential to clarify the origin of hematuria by the use of diagnostic flow sheets. Despite all the diagnostic approaches, however, unexplained hematuria is found in 10~15% of subjects with hematuria. Periodic follow-up is recommended per 3 to 6 months for at least three years for them. The proteinuria of the glomerular origin is important for the progression of the renal diseases. We have to differentiate the proteinuria according to its origin and underlying systemic diseases including diabetes mellitus and hypertension. We also recommend a kidney biopsy for nephrotic range proteinuria for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the disease. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is define as a bacterial colony count above 105/ml in two consecutive urine cultures. Management is generally not recommended for the asymptomatic bacteriuria in elderly patients but recommended in pregnant women and diabetes mellitus patients. From our point of view, subjects showing urinary abnormalities, such as hematuria, proteinuria, and bacteriuria, must be kept under close surveillance.
Aged ; Bacteriuria ; Biopsy ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glomerulonephritis ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Kidney ; Kidney Calculi ; Kidney Diseases ; Kidney Diseases, Cystic ; Nephritis, Interstitial ; Pregnant Women ; Prognosis ; Proteinuria ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Vascular Diseases