Background: The Friedrich Short Form of the Questionnaire on Resources and Stress (QRS-F) is a tool that measures stress levels of parents of children with disabilities. Objectives: The objectives of this study are 1) To translate and culturally adapt the QRS-F for use by Filipino parents and other caregivers of children with disability in the Philippines, and 2) To establish its psychometric properties. Methods: The tool underwent the process of translation & cross-cultural adaptation with the following steps: 1) face & content validation, 2) translation and equivalence and 3) pilot study of the pre-final QRS-F. Convenience sampling was performed to select sixty Filipino parents and other caregivers of children with disability enrolled in special education schools and thirty Filipino parents and other caregivers of typically developing children enrolled in regular schools, all located in Metro Manila. Results: A translated, and culturally adapted QRS-F was developed and was found to have good reliability and construct (known group) validity. Conclusion The QRS-F is a culturally valid tool that can be used to measure the stress levels of Filipino parents and other caregivers of children with disability.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Parents ; Child

BACKGROUND: The Worker Role Interview (WRI) is an assessment tool that looks at factors impacting return to work capabilities and the client’s capacity to return to work. The WRI is developed and originally written by Braveman et al. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to provide a Filipino translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the WRI, as well as establish its face, content, and convergent validity and inter-rater, testretest, and internal consistency reliability. METHODS: Expert panels were utilized in the two phases of the study. Phase 1 involves forward translation, synthesis of the translations, backward translation, expert panel review, and pilot testing involving 31 participants. Phase 2 involves retranslation, expert panel review, and administration of the Filipino WRI to 85 participants. RESULTS: Certain items were subjected for retranslation to adequately represent the domain of content addressed by the tool to ensure cultural equivalence. The tool has good inter-rater (ICC = 0.75-0.90), test-retest (rs(85) = 0.72-0.91, p<0.001), and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha= 0.96) reliability. Convergent validity with the Worker Role Self-Assessment yielded a weak correlation (rs(85)=0.42 - -0.04, p<0.001) due to possible differences in language used and manner of administration. CONCLUSION At this level, the WRI has good validity and reliability properties which can assess the ability of Filipino early adults with disability to return to work.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted students' lives and daily routines, resulting in increased stress and mental health issues that impact their perceived life satisfaction and self-efficacy. While life satisfaction and self-efficacy may influence student academic performance and success, current data on life satisfaction and self-efficacy in Filipino occupational therapy students is limited. Objectives: This study aims to describe the life satisfaction and self-efficacy level of occupational therapy students at a university in Metro Manila, Philippines, during the COVID-19 pandemic and explore the relationship between these two variables. Methods: The study adopted an analytic cross-sectional study design and records review methodology utilizing the Student Life Survey 2021 database. Data from the survey participants who fit the study's inclusion criteria were extracted to determine their life satisfaction and self-efficacy based on their responses on the Satisfaction with Life Scale and Self-Efficacy Formative Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics using measures of central tendency and dispersion were used to analyze data. Spearman-Rho correlation analysis was performed to examine the correlation between participants’ life satisfaction and self-efficacy. Results: A total of 205 occupational therapy students completed the survey. Results reveal that the participants were slightly dissatisfied with their lives (M=18.45; SD=1.52) and that they had satisfactory or adequate self-efficacy (M=64.66; SD=1.37). An analysis of their self-efficacy scores reveals that participants had a poor belief in their personal ability (M=37.71; SD=1.33) and a satisfactory or adequate belief that their ability can grow with effort (M=26.92; SD=1.32). Life satisfaction and self-efficacy were found to decrease as the participants’ year level increased. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant moderate correlation between participants’ life satisfaction and self-efficacy (⍴=0.40, p<0.05). Conclusion The participants have a slightly dissatisfied level of life satisfaction and a satisfactory or adequate level of self-efficacy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Life satisfaction and self-efficacy were found to have moderate correlation. Online learning adjustments, pandemic restrictions, and societal expectations are factors that may have influenced these findings, as emphasized in existing studies. This study may inform the academe in modifying existing learning environments and providing enhancement programs to deliberately target these constructs influencing overall academic performance.
Self Efficacy