No abstract available.
Methods* ; Parturition*

Cholesteatoma in the kidney and ureter are accumulations of waxy, gray flakes of keratin materials, secondary to squamous metaplasia of the transitional epithelium. Herein, we describe a case of cholesteatoma in the renal pelvis of a 69-year-old woman, and give a brief review of the literature. In the upper pole of the left kidney was a 6 cm cystic lesion filled with a thick, flaky, grayish, comified material. Microscopically, the cystic area showed calyceal and pelvic structures being replaced by keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium. The surrounding renal parenchyma was atrophic with features of chronic pyelonephritis.
Female ; Humans

OBJETIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome the GnRH antagonist (Cetrotide) short protocol in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation comparing with GnRH agonist long protocol. MATERIALS AND METHOD: From July 2000 to November 2001, 26 patients, 28 cycles were performed in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation by GnRH antagonist and GnRH agonist. GnRH antagonist (Cetrotide) was administered in 12 patients (14 cycles, Group 1) and GnRH agonist (Lucrin, Sub Q, Group 2) in 14 patients (14 cycles). Ovulation induction was performed by hMG (Pergonal) in group 1, and by Combo (Metrodine HP + Pergonal) in group 2. We compared the fertilization rate, good quality embryo, and clinical pregnancy rate between the two groups. Student-t test and Chi-square were used to determine statistical significance. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. RESULTS: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome did not occurred in which estradiol (E2) level was 3874+/-809 pg/ml and the number of retrieved oocytes was 18.4+/-2.4. The number of used gonadotropin ampules was significantly decreased in Group 1 (26.0 vs. 33.1, p<0.04). There were no significant difference in the number of preovulatory oocyte (10.6+/-6.9 vs. 10.0+/-6.1), fertilization rate (74.8+/-23.4 vs. 72.2+/-21.8), good quality embryo (58.7+/-23.6 vs. 38.7+/-36.6), and embryo transfer (4.3+/-1.6 vs. 4.4+/-1.6). Although the age of the group 1 was older than the group 2 (34.4 vs. 30.8), there was no significant difference in clinical pregnancy rate (50.0% vs. 57.1%). CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that GnRH antagonist was a safe, effective, and alternative method in the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, especially in PCOD patients who will be develop the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
Embryo Transfer ; Embryonic Structures ; Estradiol ; Female ; Fertilization ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Oocytes ; Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome ; Ovulation Induction ; Pregnancy Rate

Ovulation induction in hypothalamic amenorrhea using gonadotropin- releasing hormone(GnRH) pulse therapy is complicated by widely variant patient responses ranging from anovulation to multiple pregnancy. Route of administration(intravenous vs subcutaneous), pulse therapy, GnRH dose, infusion interval, or hormone preparation may contribute. We evaluated the bioactivity of 4 GnRH preparations(Relisorm,Serono; Lutrelef,Ferring; Factrel,Ayerst; GnRH,Sigma) in a rat anterior cell bioassay. Dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells were placed for 48 hrs at 5x105 cells/well, washed and incubated with GnRH. The GnRH was diluted according to the manufacturer's culture medium(10(-12) to 10(-5)M). GnRH stimulated immunoreactive luteinizing hormone(LH) production was assested in culture medium after 4 hrs by radioimmunoassay(RIA). A linear dose-response relationship was exhibited by all preparations from 10(-10) to 10(-7)M. Msximal LH production was 249+/-24 ng/ml/4hrs(mean+/-SEM) and was not different among the preparations tested(ANOVA, p>0.05). The minimal effective dose of GnRH was 10-10M for all preparations(basa1=27+/-4ng/ml/4hrs:mean+/-SEM). No significant differences were noted for MED, or dose-response slope(p<0.05, ANOVA and slope test for parallelism, respectively). In addition, bioactive LH and immuno and bioactive follicular stimulating hormone(FSH) dose responses were confirmed. We concluded that the principal variability of patient response seen with GnRH pulse therapy cannot be attributed to the bioactivity of these commercial GnRH preparations. But rather, most of the variability is due to the inherent individualism in patient response or other factors of the treatment protocol.
Amenorrhea ; Animals ; Anovulation ; Biological Assay ; Clinical Protocols ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Humans ; Lutein ; Ovulation Induction ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Multiple ; Rats

Cystoscopy is important in staging of cervix cancer. However, there have been controversies about its routine use, interpretation of the result and necessity of biopsy during cystoscopy. Herein we analysed 1,049 cases. Among 1,049, 53 abnormalities (5.1 %) were found.; 22 grossly visible tumor invasion (2.1 %), 30 bullous edema (2.9 %), 1 transitional cell carcinoma (0.1 %). Transurethral biopsy was done on 14 cases with gross tumor invasion and 13 (92.9 %) showed microscopic bladder mucosa invasion, all of which were in from stage II b to IV. Bullous edema was analyzed by biopsy results, operative findings and computed tomography scan in 25 cases.; 13 bladder muscle invasion (52 %), 2 bladder mucosa invasion (8%), 5 normal bladder wall (20 %), 5 nonspecific inflammation (20 %). However, cystoscopic biopsy was unreliable in evaluation of bullous edema. Biopsy confirmed bladder mucosa invasion were found in 15 of 1,049 (1.4 %).; stage 0 to II a 0. stage II b 2.4%, III 11.3%, IV 15%. We conclude that cystoscopy is useful only in stage more than II b, bullous edema means bladder wall invasion in majority of cases and should be evaluated by noninvasive computed tomography and that biopsy should be reserved only in suspicious cases.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Cervix Uteri* ; Cystoscopy* ; Edema ; Female ; Inflammation ; Mucous Membrane ; Urinary Bladder ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

Kyphosis and scoliosis develops from various causes, Tuberculosis is the main cause of kyphosis and spinal deformity in Korea. Such spinal deformities are frequently accompanied by cardiac and respiratory changes. In 1969, Westgate and Moe reported that, when a kyphoscoliotic patient dies, he dies because of cardio-respiratory failure and not because of skeletal abnormality, and, in 1968, Nilsonne and Lundgren reported that the mortality in patients with severe spinal deformity was twice as high as in normal persons, and that heart or lung disease was the main cause of death. One must consider the cardiopulmonary status when treating patients with severe spinal deformities. While there are numerous reports on pulmonary dysfunction due to scoliosis or kyphoscoliosis, studies on pulmonary function of patients with tuberculous kyphosis are surprisingly few. The authors investigated the correlation of the degrees of curvature and pulmonary function on 17 cases of adults with tuberculous kyphosis and compared the results with those of the children reported in 1972 by Moon and Lee. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The over-all mean degree of kyphosis was 92.6 (Salters angle). Vital capacity was 63.1% and maximum breathing capacity 61.7% of the predicted normal value. 2. Vital capacity showed a negative correlation with the degree of kyphotic curvature; i. e. the greater the spinal curvature, the less the vital capacity and vice versa, R=0.45, P=<0.1, but there was no correlation between maximum breathing capacity and the degree of curvature. 3. Vital capacity showed a relatively significant positive correlation with maximum breathing capacity as kyphosis increased. 4. The over-all mean tidal volume increased 9.3% of the normal predicted value. 5. When comparing with the pulmonary function of the children with same level and same degree of kyphosis, the adults had significant decrease in vital capacity and maximum breathing capacity, but had increased tidal volume. Such disparity was more prominent in the thoracic spine than in the lumbar spine and when the kyphotic curvature was greater than when less. 6. Timed vital capacity was within normal limits in spite of kyphotic changes of the spine.
Adult ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Heart ; Humans ; Korea ; Kyphosis ; Lung Diseases ; Moon ; Mortality ; Reference Values ; Respiration ; Scoliosis ; Spinal Curvatures ; Spine ; Tidal Volume ; Tuberculosis ; Vital Capacity

Fifty seven consecutive trochanteric hip fracture treated with Smith-Petersen nail and Thornton plate who were treated at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, St. Marys Hospital Catholic Medical College, during the period of January 1969 to September 1975 were reviewed. This covered a period of six years and nine months. Of the fifty seven cases treated with this method, only thirty four cases were able to be analysed completely. Of these thirty four cases, in two cases the nail penetrated to the hip joint, four cases showed a loosening bolt of the S-P nail, one case involved a delayed union and three cases resulted in malunion, showing a total failure rate of 29.4%. In addition, four cases of intertrochanteric hip fractures of children were reviewed. 1) The sex ratio was 2.1:1 (male to female). Those in their fifth decade showed the highest incidence at 26.3%, next came those in their third decade. 2) The most common cause of the trochanteric hip fractures was traffic accidents (57.9%), other cause were slipping or falling down, direct trauma and pathological fractures. 3) The ratio of left trochanteric hip fractures to right was 7:6. 4) In the group which received external immobilization with Buck's extension skin traction and delayed weight bearing method, the results were better than that group to which external immobilization was not applied and early weight bearing was allowed. 5) The group which received the external immobilization and delayed weight bearing method showed a total failure rate of 21.8% 6) The group to which external immobilization was not applied and early weight bearing was allowed a total failure rate of 64%.
Accidental Falls ; Accidents, Traffic ; Child ; Clinical Study ; Femur ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; Hip ; Hip Fractures ; Hip Joint ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Incidence ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Sex Ratio ; Skin ; Traction ; Weight-Bearing

No abstract available.
Hip* ; Humans

Osteoma is the most common benign tumor of the cranium, and the frontal sinus is its most frequent location in the cranium. A 39-year-old woman presented with left exophthalmos was found to have orbital and intracranial extension of a giant osteoma involving anterior cranial fossa. The etiology, presenting features, diagnosis and treatment of this tumor are reviewed.
Adult ; Cranial Fossa, Anterior* ; Diagnosis ; Exophthalmos ; Female ; Frontal Sinus ; Humans ; Orbit ; Osteoma* ; Skull

63 of 348 patients patch tested with an European standard series, had positive reaction to either a fragrance mix or Balsam of Peru. Twelve showed positiv reaction to bot,h patches. The number of positive patch tests to the fragrance mix was 56, while those to Balsarn of Peru was 19 out, of the 63 patients, manifesting sensitivities of 83% and 30% repectively. The fragrance mix was considered a useful screening patch for fragrance allergies. Twenty-five of the patients showing fragrance allergy were further analysed with 8 individual fragrance ingredients at 2% petrolatum. Cinnamic aldehyde and cinnamic alcohol were considered as she most frequent and important. sensitizers.
Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Mass Screening ; Patch Tests* ; Peru ; Petrolatum