The place of excretory urography in the diagnosis of both renal and extrarenal lesions has been firmly established. Radiographic findings of the kidney by means of excretory urogram is no less important than any other functional study in the evaluation of clinicalconditions, such as atrophic kidney, hydronephrosis, renal tumor, renal hypertension and polycystic kidney. The present investigation was undertaken to establish the morphological features of the normal kidney in Korean adults of both sexes, such as size (length and width), renovertebral angle and distance, number of calices and position in the renal pelvis. 200 cases of normal intravenous pyelography were subjected to the present investigation. These materials were randomly selected from the X-ray file of St. Vincent's Hospital covering the period from Jan. 1979 to Dec. l980. There were 96 males and 104 females of normal health, and the age ranged from 20 to 54 years old, showing comparatively even distribution. The results were as follows: 1. Length: The mean values in males were 12.50 cm for the right side and 12.95 cm for the left side and those in females were 11.99 cm for the right side and 12.43 cm for the left side. The figures for both sides were about 0.5 cm larger in males than in females and the left side was about 0.5 cm larger in both sexes than the right side. 2. Width: The mean values in males were 6.24 cm for the right side and 6.60 cm, for the left side and those in females were 6.07 cm for the right side and 6.38 cm for the left side. The figure for the left side were wider than the right side about 0.4 cm in males and 0.3 cm in females, but there were no significant differences between the left side and the right side in both sexes. 3. Renovertebral angle: The mean values in males were 15.39 degrees for the right side and 15.40 degrees for the left side and in females the figures were 13.34 degrees for the right side and 13.47 degrees for the left side. There were no significant differences between the right and the left side in both sexes, but the angle in both sides were about 2 larger in the male than in the females. 4. Renovertebral distance: The mean values in males were 5.9 cm for the right side and 6.01 cm for the left side and in females the figures were 5.05 cm for the right side and 5.09 cm for the left side. There were no significant differences between the right and left and left side in both sexes, but the distance in both sides were about 0.9 cm larger in the males than in the females. 5. Number of the calices: The number of major calices was 2 to 4 and that of minor calices 5 to 13. The number of minor calices was 7 to 10 in 357 kidneys (89.3%). 6. Position in renal pelvis: An intrarenal pelvis was found in 263 cases (65.8%)and an extrarenal pelvis was seen in 137 cases (34.2%).
Adult* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Hypertension, Renal ; Kidney Pelvis ; Kidney* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pelvis ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases ; Urography

One case of renal infarction due to trauma in a 26 years old male patient, which was treated with partial nephrectomy, was presented with the brief review of literature.
Adult ; Humans ; Infarction* ; Male ; Nephrectomy

A clinical observation was made on 26 cases of bladder rupture (16 patient had intraperitoneal rupture and 10 patient had extraperitoneal rupture) in the Department of Urology, Catholic Medical College from Jan. 1972 to Feb. 1981. The following results were obtained: 1. The bladder rupture was 26 cases (12.0%) of 217 urogenital injuries. 2. The 26 patient comprised 20 males and 6 female cases. Nine patients were belong to the age group of 31 to 40 years old, 8 Cases were 41 to 50 years old and 5 cases were 21 to 30 years old. 3. Traffic accidents were responsible for the injury in 10 patients, direct blow in 6 patients, industrial accidents in 5 patients and spontaneous bladder ruptures were seen in 2 patients. 4. The major clinical manifestations of bladder rupture were hematuria (20 patients, 76.9%) and abdominal pain and distension(12 patients, 46.2%). 5. Of the 26 patients, 15 had associated fractured pelvis, 7 had fractured extremity, 6 had urethral rupture, 3 had intestinal injury and 3 had skull fracture. 6. Diagnosis was made by retrograde cystography, laparatomy and cystoscopy. Twenty cases (76.9%) was diagnosed by retrograde cystography. 7. Four patients with intraperitoneal rupture and 6 patients with extraperitoneal rupture were treated by operative repair Of the defect with suprapubic cystostomy and drainage of the perivesical space. Twelve patients with intraperitoneal rupture and 2 patients with extraperitoneal rupture were treated by operative repair of the defect with indwelling urethral catheter and drainage of the perivesical space. The remaining 2 patients of extraperitoneal bladder rupture were treated by indwelling urethral catheter for7 to 10 days. 8. There was a 7.7% mortality rate.
Abdominal Pain ; Accidents, Occupational ; Accidents, Traffic ; Adult ; Cystoscopy ; Cystostomy ; Diagnosis ; Drainage ; Extremities ; Female ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Pelvis ; Rupture* ; Skull Fractures ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Catheters ; Urology

Intussusception is the most common cause of acquired intestinal obstructions during infancy and early childhood. Barium reduction and pneumoreduction have been sued widely as nonsugical method of treatment in radiologic department. In the past, attempts at barium reduction of intussusception were contraindicated in the presence of frank intestinal obstruction, shock, fever, dehydration, bowel perforation, peritonitis and longstanding symptoms. At present, however, there is no agreement on the contraindications, except for shock, peritonitis and bowel perforation. Especially, there is no consensus regarding its application on patient presenting with sign of frank intestinal obstruction. The authors analyzed the effect of pneumoreduction in the intussusception with sign of frank intestinal obstruction. Pneumoreduction was attempted in 53 cases of intussusception with sign of frank intestinal obstruction. Reduction was successful in 43 cases(81%). The mean fluroscopic time was 15.1 minutes and mean maximal pressure was 121.8mmHg in successful reduction. As complications, two cases of bowel perforation were observed, but could be treated surgically without any significant problem. In conclusion, pneumoreduction is a useful substitute for barium reduction in the management of pediatric intussusception with sign of frank intestinal obstruction.
Barium ; Consensus ; Dehydration ; Fever ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction* ; Intussusception* ; Methods ; Peritonitis ; Shock

BACKGROUND: Circardian variation in the onset of cardiovascular events includig sudden cardiac death, myocardial infarction and ventricular arrhythmias has been discribed. The frequency of ventricular premature complexes has also been reported to demonstrate a pattern consisting of a daytime peak and nightime nadir. We tried to see if the same circardian pattern is found in dilated cardiomyopathy patients. We have also studed how various modifying factors such as left ventricular ejection fration and ACE inhibitor use may affect the circardian pattern. METHOD: 24-hour ambulatory electrocaridiographic monitorings were performed in 50 dilated cardiomyopathy patients and 20 control subjects. Patients were prospectively divided in 2 groups based on LVEF and ACE inhibitor use. RESULTS: In dilated cardiomyopathy patients, the expected morning increase in VPC frequency is absent and show a peak in evening. This pattern is not correlated with heart rate. Evening peak is more prominent in low LVEF group and ACE inhibitor non-user group. CONCLUSION: In dilated cardiomyopathy patients, VPC frequency show a peak in the evening.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated* ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; Prospective Studies ; Ventricular Premature Complexes*

PURPOSE: To clarify the chracteristic sonographic features of benign soft tissue tumors and to evaluate the usefulness of sonographic imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed ultrasonographic images of 70 cases in 68 patients with histologically proved benign soft tissue tumors. RESULTS: The tumors included 33 lipomas, 11 hemangiomas. 11 lymphangiomas, 7 neurilemmomas, 4 epidermold cysts, 2 fibromas, 1 mesenchymoma, and 1 myxoma. The SOhographic appearances of the lesions were mainly solid in 53 cases(33 lipomas, 8 hemangiomas, 2 lymphangiomas, 7 neurilemmomas, 2 fibromas and 1 mesenchymoma), mainly cystic in 14 cases(1 hemangioma, 8 lymphangiomas, 4 epidermoid cysts, and 1 myxoma), and mixed in 3 cases(2 hemangiomas and 1 lymphangioma). Although an accurate histologic prediction could not be made in most cases, certain patterns appeared to be characteristic of specific tumor types. 26 cases(78%) of lipoma were seen as lentiform, iso- or hyperechoic, solid mass. Hemangioma had variable appearance and chacteristic calcifications were seen in 3 cases. Unicameral or multiseptated cystic mass with variable thickness of echogenic septa and solid portion was the characteristic finding of lymphangioma. Neurilemmoma showed Iobulated, oval to round, relatively hypoechoic mass with or without internal cystic portion. CONCLUSION: Sonographic evaluation of benign soft tissue tumros is useful in demonstrating the location, size, extent, and internal characteristics of the mass. A relatively confident diagnosis can be made when the characteristic features of the benign soft tissue tumor are present on sonographic imaging.
Diagnosis ; Epidermal Cyst ; Fibroma ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Lipoma ; Lymphangioma ; Mesenchymoma ; Myxoma ; Neurilemmoma ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

Intussusception is an interesting condition and is one of the most common causes of intestinal obstruction in the infant. We experienced a case of neonatal intussusception in a two-day-old male. The patient developed bloody stool, without a history of vomiting-after passing meconium, on the second day of life. Diagnosis of ileo-cecal type intussusception, which was induced by congenital polyp, was confirmed by exploratory laparatomy performed on the 4th day of life. The polyp was found at the proximal portion of the ileum, 45 cm from the ileo-cecal valve. In Korea a 40 day old patient was the youngest previously reported. We have presented this case with a review of the literature.
Human ; Ileum* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases/etiology* ; Intestinal Polyps/complications ; Intestinal Polyps/congenital* ; Intussusception/etiology* ; Male

A 12-year-old female with histiocytosis X accompanied by autoimmune hemolytic anemia. During the episode of hemolysis, the hemoglobin level fell to 5.2 g/dL. The direct antiglobulin test was weakly positive. The anti-C and anti-e were identified in her serum. The Rh subgroup of her family(father, mother and brother) including the patient, were all same as DCe. The antibodies which showed anti-C and anti-e specificity were confirmed autoanti-Ce(non-separable) using the serum absorbed with various known Rh phenotyped RBCs. Two packed RBCs phenotyped as DeE were transfused for correction of anemia. Acute and delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions were not noted after transfusion. Identification of blood group specific autoantibodies may be benificial in such case for blood transfusion.
Anemia ; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune* ; Antibodies ; Autoantibodies ; Blood Group Incompatibility ; Blood Transfusion ; Child ; Coombs Test ; Female ; Hemolysis ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; Humans ; Mothers ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Patchy renal vasoconstriction is one of the reversible renal vasoconstrictions, which usually occur in healthy young men following strenuous anaerobic exercise. Analgesics, viral infection, dehydration were known to be the causes of patchy renal vasoconstriction. We experienced two cases of patchy renal vasoconstriction without antecedent anaerobic exercise. The first case is a 54-year-old woman admitted to a hospital with severe loin pain. On admission, serum creatinine was elevated to 2.2 mg/dL. Patchy areas of delayed contrast enhancement in both kidneys were observed on immediate post-contrast CT and 14 hours delayed image. This severe loin pain was initiated without anaerobic exercise. On the 4th day, her loin pain was relieved and on the 12th day of her illness, serum creatinine was normalized with supportive care. The second case is an 18- year-old man presented with pain in the both flanks. Five days earlier, operation had been performed for treatment of gynecomastia. There had been no preceding anaerobic exercise before the flank pain occurred. On admission to the hospital, laboratory studies revealed a serum creatinine 2.3 mg/dL. Computed tomography showed multiple patchy areas of enhancement in the renal parenchyma. On 12 hours delayed image, there were delayed contrast enhancement. On the sixth day, serum creatinine decreased to 1.4 mg/dl and the loin pain was subsided. Patchy renal vasoconstriction can occur without exercise, and we suggest that patchy renal vasoconstriction should be suspected in the patients suffering from acute renal failure with severe loin pain even without strenuous exercise.
Female ; Male ; Humans

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the compatibility of universal adhesives with two dual-cured resin cements. Eighty human molars were divided into eight groups. Tooth was embedded in self-curing acrylic resin and sectioned horizontally to exposure dentine surface. After polishing with 600-grit SiC paper, adhesives were applied. All-Bond Universal (Bisco), G-premio bond (GC), Scotch-bond universal (3M ESPE), Scotch-bond Multipurpose (3M ESPE) were used in this study. Calibra (Dentsply) as a conventional dual-curing resin cement and RelyX Ultimate (3M ESPE) as an amine free resin cement were used. The adhesives and the cements were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. Final specimens were cylinder (diameter 2mm, height 3mm) shape. After storing in distilled water at 37℃ for 7 days the shear bond strength (SBS) test was performed. There was no significant difference in shear bond strength between the adhesives when RelyX Ultimate was used (p>0.05). However, when Calibra used with Scotch-bond Multipurpose and All-Bond Universal were used, statistically higher SBS was observed, as compared to the groups which Calibra cements with G-premio bond and Scotch-bond universal adhesive (p < 0.05) were used. Within the limitations of this study, RelyX Ultimate resin cement was compatible with universal adhesives of various pH. All-Bond Universal adhesive was compatible with a resin cement containing the tertiary amine.
Adhesives ; Dentin ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Molar ; Resin Cements ; Tooth ; Water