No abstract available.
Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Receptors, Androgen*

No abstract available.
Carbon Dioxide* ; Carbon* ; Respiratory Rate* ; Tidal Volume*

Metastatic tumors occur more frequently in the liver than in any other organ, Guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of the liver is often recommended for confirmative diagnosis of the metastatic lesion, because of its simplicity, high yield, and reasonable safety. The authors studied retrospectively cytologic findings of 110 cases of metastatic tumors to the liver. The frequent primary sites were the stomach (23 cases), pancreas (19 cases), gallbladder (12 cases), and periampullary lesions (6 cases). Most of the metastases were carcinoma (106 cases). There were only 4 cases of sarcoma. The characteristic cytologic findings of FNA of meatastatic tumors were dirty background, abrupt change between hepatocytes and malignant cells, and desmoplasia. Some tumors displayed rather distinctive cytologic appearance that suggests primary sites. For example, the colonic adenocarcinoma showed tall columnar cells with a palisading arrangement, adenocarcinoma of gallbaldder showed focal squamous differentiation in some cases, and metastatic renal cell carcinoma and neuroblastoma showed also distinctive cytologic findings. Because the cytologic features of metastatic tumor are very similar to those of primary tumor, correct cytologic typing may be helpful in pursuit of an occult primary site of metastatic liver lesions, reducing extensive diagnostic investigation in poor prognostic patients.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Colon ; Diagnosis ; Gallbladder ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases* ; Kidney* ; Liver ; Melanoma, Amelanotic ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neuroblastoma ; Pancreas ; Retrospective Studies ; Sarcoma ; Stomach ; Vagina

BACKGROUND: The aim of gender verification test is to maintain impartiality among female competitors by excluding males in women's sports competitions. Some microscopic methods such as X-chromatin test and Y-chromatin test had been used for this purpose. Because of their known shortcomings, the methods were replaced with the polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-based test. In this report we describe the assay used in the gender verification during the '99 Kangwon Asian Winter Games. METHODS: Buccal smear samples of 126 female competitors were obtained. These samples underwent digestion with proteinase K, and were followed by boiling treatment with Chelex resin. PCR was performed to detect the sex determining region of Y chromosome(SRY) in order to confirm the femininity, and beta globin region was coamplified for confirming that the DNA was extracted from buccal cells. An X-Y homologous region encoded amelogenin was also amplified so that the femininity could be reconfirmed. RESULTS: No SRY and Y-amelogenin like sequences were amplified in any of samples of 126 female competitors analysed. CONCLUSIONS: Established gender verification method based on PCR amplification of Y chromosomal DNA seems to be superior to others. Sampling is simple. The procedure of extracting DNA is simple, rapid, and does not require multiple tube transfers. False positivity and/or false negativity appear to be less. It appear that this method is useful and reliable for gender verification in international sports events.
Amelogenin ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; beta-Globins ; Digestion ; DNA* ; Endopeptidase K ; Female ; Femininity ; Gangwon-do* ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Sports

No abstract available.

True hermaphroditism represents the rarest of all intersex disorders. The condition is defined by the presence of both ovarian and testicular tissue in the same individual. True hermaphroditism is usually diagnosed during the newborn period in the course of evaluating ambiguous genitalia. We present an unusual case of a 15-year-old boy with phenotypically normal male genitalia and bilaterally descended ovotestis, who was seen for evalution of intermittent scrotal swelling and pain.
Adolescent ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Genitalia, Male ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Ovotesticular Disorders of Sex Development*

More than 90% of bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas. Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder ordinarily does not pose diagnostic difficulties and is well known its clinical behavior. However, variation from the classic histology can cause problems in recognition. Recently several variants of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder have been described to promote the recognition of, or to draw attention to, possible differences in clinical behavior. The presence of a micropapillary component in transitional cell carcinoma is associated with high-stage and high-grade transitional cell carcinoma with a tendency of vascular invasion, and with poor prognostic histologic feature. We report a case of micropapillary transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

The purpose of our present study was to asses the effectiveness of middle cerebral artery occlusion in producing acute focal cerebral ischemia in rats by use of Bederson's or Longa's method in which occlusion was performed with or without craniectomy respectively. In twenty-nine Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 gm, right middle cerebral artery occlusion was achieved by use of either Bederson's method or Long's method. After 4 hours of ischemia, neurological evaluation was performed and then brain water content was determined in the central, intermediate, and outer zones of each cortical mantle. in both groups, a significant neurological deficit caused by focal cerebral ischemia was observed. More severe neurological deficit was achieved by Longa's method than by Bederson's method(p<0.001). In Bederson's method group, significant brain edema was observed only in the ischemic central and intermediate zones. However, in Longa's method group, significant brain edema was observed in all of the three ischemic zones. And more severe brain edema was achieved by Long's method in each of three ischemic zones than by Bederson's method(p<0.001, respectively). Theses results incicate that Longa's method is more effective and persistent method in producing acute focal cerebral ischemia than Bederson's method. Longa's method is considered as one of a good, less invasive, and technically easy method to achieve focal cerebral ischemia in rats.
Animals ; Brain ; Brain Edema ; Brain Ischemia ; Equidae ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Ischemia ; Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Malignant lymphoma of the testis is a rare disease and the most common testicular tumor in patients more than 60 years old. Malignant lymphoma of the testis is frequently confused with seminoma. In fact, only 30%, of patients in one series had disease-free intervals greater than 6 months postorchiectomy, and 90% of these parients died of generalized lymphoma within 2 years. We report a case of malignant lymphoma of the testis developed in a 55 years old man.
Humans ; Lymphoma* ; Middle Aged ; Rare Diseases ; Seminoma ; Testis

PURPOSE: DNA replication errors (RERs) in repeated nucleotide sequences (microsatellite instability) is caused by defective mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Ninety percent of colorectal carcinomas in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) patients and 10-15% of sporadic colorectal cancers show microsatellite instability. In the majority of colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability, the defective MMR gene is hMLH1 or hMSH2. The author examined immunohistochemical expression of hMLH1 and hMSH2 in 75 cases of colorectal carcinomas excluding HNPCC, based on Amsterdam criteria for investigating clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in hMLH1/hMSH2 negative cases. METHODS: Formalin fixed, paraffin blocks obtained from tumors of 75 cases of colorectal cancers were stained with two monoclonal antibodies (hMLH1 and hMSH2). The correlation between hMLH1/hMSH2 negativity, and clinicopathological feature and prognosis were statistically analysed. RESULTS: Twelve cases (16.0%) showed hMLH1/hMSH2 negativity. Negative expression of hMLH1/hMSH2 was associated with early onset (under age 50), proximal location, multiplicity, mucinous histologic type and poor differentiation. There was a significant survival advantage in patients with hMLH1/hMSH2 negative colorectal carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that hMLH1/hMSH2 negative colorectal carcinomas have the same clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal carcinomas with microsatellite instability. The immunohistochemical test for hMLH1/hMSH2 protein can be a simple screening method routinely applicable. The result of this test is available for establishing guidelines for management, and an independent prognostic factor for sporadic colorectal cancers.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Base Sequence ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis ; DNA Mismatch Repair ; DNA Replication ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mass Screening ; Microsatellite Instability ; Mucins ; Paraffin ; Prognosis