Sore throat is undoubtedly the commonest complication noted after endotracheal intubation. We studied the incidence and factors affecting sore throat in 120 patients requiring orotracheal intubation for surgery from November, 1975 to June, 1976 at Seoul Red Cross Hospital. The following conclusions were obtained: 1) The incidence of sore throat was 36% 2) There was no correlation between sore throat and patient age. 3) No correlation between sore throat and sex was observed. 4) The incidence was low in poor general condition among patients. 5) It was more common after prolonged intubation. 6) It was least common in major operations such as abdominal surgery and most common in minor operations such as for extremities. 7) Less than 8 ml of air in the cuff did not affect significantly incidence of sore throat. 8ml Mild and moderate sore throat were more common (86%) than severe one. 9) Sore throat disappeared within 48 hours without any specific therapy(97.7%).
Clinical Study* ; Extremities ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Pharyngitis* ; Red Cross ; Seoul

Thirty consecutive patient seen in a pediatric out patient and emergency department, in whom the diagnosis of intussusception was considered, had an ultrasound examination of the abdomen before the barium enema. The peak age was 5~12 month (range 4~34 month). Intussusception was detected by ultrasonography in all 25 cases proved by barium enema (sensitivity 100%). Normal findings on ultrasonography correlated with a negative barium enema results in 5 of 5 cases (negative predictive value=100%). No intussusception was missed by ultrasonography. To determine which patient would most benefit from ultrasonography, we divided patients into either a high risk group (100% intussusception) or a low risk group (37.5% intussusception) on the basis of clinical symptoms. We conclude that ultrasonography can be used as a rapid sensitive screening procedure in the diagnosis or exclusion of childhood intussusception. Probability of surgical reduction was associated with size of of total thickness and external rim thickness.
Abdomen ; Barium ; Child* ; Diagnosis* ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Enema ; Humans ; Infant* ; Intussusception* ; Mass Screening ; Ultrasonography*

A case of metastatic alveolar soft part sarcoma is presented with clincal, pathological and radiological features. Alveolar soft part sarcoma is a rare soft-tissue neoplasm that is malignant and invariably fatal. It was first described and named by Christopherson, et al. in 1952. Since 1952 numerous examples of this tumor have been reported and have been studied with the electron microscope, but there is still considerable uncertainty as to the exact histogenesis of the tumor. Most cases occur in young females involving the lower extrimities especially in the right side. The most initial presenting symptom is a slowgrowing painless mass and the principal metastatic sites are the lungs, followed by the brain and skeleton. Cerebral metastasis, in fact, may be the first manifestation of the disease. Treatment is radical surgical excision but radiotherapy and chemotherapy are less effective. We present the reported case of metastatic alveolar soft pat sarcoma with electron microscopic findings.
Brain ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radiotherapy ; Sarcoma ; Sarcoma, Alveolar Soft Part* ; Skeleton ; Uncertainty

Much has been learned of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of the toxic shock syndrome (TSS) since the initial description in 1978 by Dr. James K, Todd. The clinical illness is defined by the criteria listed in the case definition formulated for epidemiologic studies. With the advent of widespread recognition of TSS, there have been numerous published reports describing the clinical and laboratory findings, primarily in menstruating females. And there have been also reported about six cases in Korea. Moreover, TSS is uncommon in the prepubertal age group and no case report in infant in Korea. We experienced two cases of TSS in infants aged 11/2 yrs and 9 months associated with respiratory infection-pneumonia, pyopneumothorax and localized skin abscess that were confused with Kawasaki disease (KD). The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical features and laboratory findings, and the cases met the Centers of Disease Control case definition of TSS. And thus we report these cases and review related literatures.
Abscess ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant* ; Korea ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; Shock, Septic* ; Skin

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus* ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn*

BACKGROUND: Untreated malignant gastrointestinal obstruction is rapidly fatal and causes various symptoms and malnutrition, and so decreases the quality of life and shortens the survival. We reviewed clinical characteristics and analyzed prognostic factors in terminal cancer patients with malignant gastrointestinal obstruction. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 63 patients with malignant gastrointestinal obstruction who had been confirmed by endoscopy or colonoscopy, upper gastrointestinal series or barium study and proper radiologic study at Sam Anyang hospital from May in 2002 to December in 2004. We excluded patients with palliative tumor resection. We analyzed prognostic factors for overall survival and symptom-free survival. RESULTS: There were 30 males (48%) and 33 females (52%), and median age of 63 patients was 64 years. The cause of malignant gastrointestinal obstruction was colorectal (26 patients, 41%), stomach (19, 30%), pancreas (4, 6%) and others (14, 23%). Twenty one patients (33%) had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 2 score and 42 patients (67%) 3 or 4 score. Forty two patients (67%) have been performed palliative procedures and 21 patients (33%) have not. Median survival of patients with palliative procedure was significantly higher than that of patients who have not been performed palliative procedures (144 days v 45 days, p=0.0001). By mutivariate analysis, palliative procedures and performance status were independent prognostic factors. However, age, gender, primary cancer, site of obstruction, and previous chemotherapy were not independent prognostic factors. Performance status was only independent prognostic factor that improves symptom free survival in patients with palliative procedures (p=0.014) and median symptom free survival was 90 days. There was no mortality on palliative procedures. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed that palliative procedures and performance status are significant independent prognostic factors in terminal cancer patients with malignant gastrointestinal obstruction.
Barium ; Colonoscopy ; Drug Therapy ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Male ; Malnutrition ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Pancreas ; Prognosis ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach

A 3 year and 3 months old boy with recurrent infections since his age of 5 months was presented with clinical data and autopsy findings. He was the 4th product of healthy parents. His elder brother died of recurrent perianal abscess and sepsis at his age of 3 years. His 2nd elder sister died on the 14th day of life probably from the complication of BCG vaccination. Beginnig with perianal abscesses at his age of 5 months, he has been continuously suffering from recurrent infections such as arthritis, ostomyelitis, pneumonia, epididymitis, subcutaneous abscesses and perianal abscesses. In spite of meticulous supportive and aggressive antibiotic therapy persistent positive cultures for staph. Aureus, klebsiella, E. Coli, Enterococcus and coliform bacilli from different sited were noted. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 25 to 40 were constant. White cell count varied frem 15500 to 33400 with polymorphonucleocytes predominance. NBT test showed persistent low scoring of 2% throught the course. He finally died of pneumonia and empyema. At postmortem examination, multiple abscesses and grnulomas of right lung and multipe granulomas in the liver, spleen, lymph node, bone, marrow, adrenal gland, kidney and intestinal wass were noted. At microscopic examination histiocytic granulomas with lipid containing histiocyte infiltrations were noted in every organs described including brain.
Abscess ; Adrenal Glands ; Arthritis ; Autopsy ; Blood Sedimentation ; Bone Marrow ; Brain ; Cell Count ; Empyema ; Enterobacteriaceae ; Enterococcus ; Epididymitis ; Granuloma ; Granulomatous Disease, Chronic* ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney ; Klebsiella ; Liver ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Parents ; Pneumonia ; Sepsis ; Siblings ; Spleen ; Vaccination

This study was undertaken to identify the causative factors that predispose to early postoperative intestinal obstructions after the radical resection due to colorectal cancer, and to determine their preventive operative techniques. The records of 722 patients that had undergone radical resection due to colorectal cancer at the Department of General Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, between January 1, 1986 and December 31, 1995, were reviewed. Among them, operative treatments due to early postoperative intestinal obstructions were performed in 39 patients(5.4%). The most common cause of intestinal obstruction in early postoperative period was bowel adhesion, that was developed in 20 cases(51.3%), and next common cause was internal herniation of bowel into the space between colostomy loop and lateral peritoneal wall(3 cases, 7.7%), incarcerated herniation of small bowel into the reperitonealized pelvic cavity(3 cases, 7.7%), pelvic abscess(1 case, 2.6%), and unknown causes(9 cases, 23.1%) in descending frequency. Use of closed suction drains was responsible to development of the 3rd and 4th causes. As a result, during the radical resection due to colorectal cancer, meticulous manupulation of bowels not to injure the bowel serosa, reperitonealization of pelvic floor at narrow interval with inversion of its dissected edge, complete closure of the space between colostomy loop and lateral wall of peritoneum, and adequate alternative use of closed suction drain and natural drain according to the operative condition, should be considered. In conclusion, surgeons should pay more attention to the operating procedures to lower the incidence of early postoperative intestinal obstruction.
Colorectal Neoplasms ; Colostomy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intestinal Obstruction* ; Pelvic Floor ; Peritoneum ; Postoperative Period ; Serous Membrane ; Suction

Hydranencehaly is an abnormality consisting of complete or almost absence of the cerebral hemispheres, which are replaced by a large fluid-filled cavity. The midbrain and brain stem are relatively intact, and rudiments of frontal, temporal and occipital cortex may be present. We diagnosed it through the evaluation of clinical features, prenatal US (intrauterine pregnancy, 37 wks) and brain CT. Authors have experienced a case of hydranencephaly combined with twin pregnancy and reported with a brief literature review.
Brain ; Brain Stem ; Cerebrum ; Humans ; Hydranencephaly* ; Mesencephalon ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Twin* ; Twins*

No abstract available.