Objective: To enhance the anti-inflammatory activity of fAdMSCs. Methods: fAdMSCs were treated with the toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) ligand poly (I:C) and aggregated. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) expression and kynurenine production were measured to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity. Anti-inflammatory effects were assessed by culturing fAdMSCs with rat macrophages and transplanting them into the kidney capsules of rats. Results: IDO-1 expression and kynurenine production in fAdMSCs were increased significantly by a poly (I:C) treatment and enhanced using a basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) treatment.The level of fAdMSC aggregation increased IDO-1 expression significantly compared to the monolayer. These effects were enhanced by pretreatment with bFGF and poly (I:C). The bFGF and poly (I:C)-pretreated fAdMSC aggregates suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α expression in rat macrophages. During transplantation, the pretreated fAdMSC aggregates avoided leakage, survived in aggregate form, and induced anti-inflammatory macrophages. Conclusions and Relevance: TLR3-stimulated, bFGF-pretreated fAdMSC aggregates increase the anti-inflammatory activity significantly, providing a potential therapeutic approach for inflammatory diseases in felines.

Objective: To enhance the anti-inflammatory activity of fAdMSCs. Methods: fAdMSCs were treated with the toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) ligand poly (I:C) and aggregated. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) expression and kynurenine production were measured to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity. Anti-inflammatory effects were assessed by culturing fAdMSCs with rat macrophages and transplanting them into the kidney capsules of rats. Results: IDO-1 expression and kynurenine production in fAdMSCs were increased significantly by a poly (I:C) treatment and enhanced using a basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) treatment.The level of fAdMSC aggregation increased IDO-1 expression significantly compared to the monolayer. These effects were enhanced by pretreatment with bFGF and poly (I:C). The bFGF and poly (I:C)-pretreated fAdMSC aggregates suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α expression in rat macrophages. During transplantation, the pretreated fAdMSC aggregates avoided leakage, survived in aggregate form, and induced anti-inflammatory macrophages. Conclusions and Relevance: TLR3-stimulated, bFGF-pretreated fAdMSC aggregates increase the anti-inflammatory activity significantly, providing a potential therapeutic approach for inflammatory diseases in felines.

Objective: To enhance the anti-inflammatory activity of fAdMSCs. Methods: fAdMSCs were treated with the toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) ligand poly (I:C) and aggregated. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) expression and kynurenine production were measured to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity. Anti-inflammatory effects were assessed by culturing fAdMSCs with rat macrophages and transplanting them into the kidney capsules of rats. Results: IDO-1 expression and kynurenine production in fAdMSCs were increased significantly by a poly (I:C) treatment and enhanced using a basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) treatment.The level of fAdMSC aggregation increased IDO-1 expression significantly compared to the monolayer. These effects were enhanced by pretreatment with bFGF and poly (I:C). The bFGF and poly (I:C)-pretreated fAdMSC aggregates suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α expression in rat macrophages. During transplantation, the pretreated fAdMSC aggregates avoided leakage, survived in aggregate form, and induced anti-inflammatory macrophages. Conclusions and Relevance: TLR3-stimulated, bFGF-pretreated fAdMSC aggregates increase the anti-inflammatory activity significantly, providing a potential therapeutic approach for inflammatory diseases in felines.

Objective: To enhance the anti-inflammatory activity of fAdMSCs. Methods: fAdMSCs were treated with the toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) ligand poly (I:C) and aggregated. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) expression and kynurenine production were measured to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity. Anti-inflammatory effects were assessed by culturing fAdMSCs with rat macrophages and transplanting them into the kidney capsules of rats. Results: IDO-1 expression and kynurenine production in fAdMSCs were increased significantly by a poly (I:C) treatment and enhanced using a basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) treatment.The level of fAdMSC aggregation increased IDO-1 expression significantly compared to the monolayer. These effects were enhanced by pretreatment with bFGF and poly (I:C). The bFGF and poly (I:C)-pretreated fAdMSC aggregates suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α expression in rat macrophages. During transplantation, the pretreated fAdMSC aggregates avoided leakage, survived in aggregate form, and induced anti-inflammatory macrophages. Conclusions and Relevance: TLR3-stimulated, bFGF-pretreated fAdMSC aggregates increase the anti-inflammatory activity significantly, providing a potential therapeutic approach for inflammatory diseases in felines.