“Oketsu” is an important concept in the diagnosis and therapy of Oriental Medicine. In this paper, we analysed “Oketsu” from the standpoint of Chinese Medical Prescriptions by using pattern analysis techniques.
Intra-relation of 9 Chinese Prescription needed over 2 dimensions using M-D-SCAL. This indicates that if only 1 dimension is used, some information on patients may be missed. Use of only one dimension for “Oketsu” may not be suitable.
Nature and taste of herb are plotted on the configuration of herbs obtained by quantificalion of the third kind. And, using nature of herbs, almost same configuration was obtained as that using herbs individualy. This indicates, taste and nature were used in the compounding of herbs into Chinese Medical Prescriptions.

This lecture was given on the occasion of the 1995th Award for Academic Encouragement of the Japan Society of Oriental Medicine (JSOM). It started by the author's experience and information he gained from various settings in different countries during his service as a Medical Officer for Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Regional Office of the World Health Organization (WHO). During that time, he was often caught in the controversy of promotion or assessment of traditional medicine. But even in China, where the government have had a strong policy in promoting Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), methods of clinical epidemiology has been introduced in TCM since the early 1990s. From the viewpoint of a clinical pharmacologist, the author described in this lecture, the current status of traditional medicine focusing on East Asia and proposed future plans. He discussed the relation between clinical pharmacology and clinical epidemiology and introduced basic concepts in these areas such as randomized controlled trial (RCT), placebo, bias and their prevention methods. He proposed the use of Evidence-based Oriental Medicine (EBOM) showing the strength of evidence according to study design including comparisons done before and after the study and discussed the cultural acceptability and practicability of clinical trials of oriental medicine as well as the use of RCT and the difference in the pattern of accumulation of information between classic Oriental medicine in olden times and modern Oriental medicine in the industrialized era. He stressed the difference in the meaning of efficacy on group and on individual using the concept of Number Needed to Treat (NNT) and the importance of using soft data as endpoints in evaluating oriental medicine. The applicability of evidence to the clinical setting was discussed and in the absence of strong evidence, the concept of Evidence-Biased Medicine (EBM) is recommended. The Ministry of Health and Welfare (MHW) of Japan initiated a review of the reevaluation of Kampo drugs in 1989 in line with current world trends in the evaluation of herbal medicine conducted by WHO and other organizations. In this review, disclosure of information from government sectors in areas such as clinical trials of Kampo medicine and adverse event (AE)/adverse drug reaction (ADR) was stressed. Methods of single case study (N of 1 trial) was introduced and future plans and actions by the JSOM on the evaluation of Kampoo drug were proposed.

After the one-and-a-half years of combined efforts that started in June 2002, the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) among three society related in acupuncture in Japan and the Republic of Korea-Japan Society of Acupuncture and Moxibustion (JSAM), the Korean Acupuncture and Moxibustion Society (KAMS), the Korean Oriental Medical Society (KOMS) -was finally signed on 14 February 2004 at the Westin Chosun Hotel, Seoul, Republic of Korea. This article presents a history of the development of the MOU and the proceedings at the celebration ceremony, as well as current and future activities on the basis of the MOU.

Chinese medical prescriptions usually have one or more herbs in common, enabling the intra-relation of the prescriptions to be analysed. Computer science provides the methodology with which the analysis of the polypharmacy-structure of the chinese medical presciption can be undertaken, and it is that methodology with which we are concerned in this report.
Data should be collected in following 4 aspects: 1) the subject as doctor, school, country, etc. 2) classical and modern publications. 3) individual herbs contained in the prescriptions. 4) classical and modern concepts of disease.
Such data should then be analysed in either of 2 ways: 1) M-D-SCAL (Kruskal), quantification of the fourth type (Hayashi), when similarities are made. 2) quantification of the third type (Hayashi) for 2-mode data. And graphing of the results will facilitate.
Thanks to the technologic progress, calculations are made by micro computer.

The group of 12 “Shimotsu-to rui” chinese medical prescriptions containing Angelica acutiloba Kitag., Cnidium officinale Mak., Paeonia lactiflora Pall. and Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) Libosch were analysed by multiple dimensional scaling analysis (M-D-SCAL), quantification of the third type (QT-III) and cluster analysis (C.A.).
M-D-SCAL were carried out in 2 ways, by that of the angle method and the Jaccard's coefficient. Using the angle method in analysing the 12 prescriptions, the “Orengedoku-to” groups and the diuretic & peptic prescription groups were clarified and some prescriptions containing specific herbs were located in a marginal region, and these locations were fit for traditional information.
QT-III gave a simular location of the prescriptions to the result of the M-D-SCAL with Jaccard's coefficient. In this method, not only the prescriptions, but also the herbs simultaneously can be located. This made possible the interpretation of the intra-relations between the 12 prescriptions, in terms of the axis pertaining to the herbs. Certain herbs consistently fall into the same categorical region, indicating a shared relationship and corresponding to the traditionally conceived “Yaku-tsui” or “paired herbs”.