After the first description of epikeratoplasty for the correction of aphakia by Kaufman in 1980, the application of epikeratoplasty has been extended further to keratoconus and high myopia. Six epikeratoplasty for 5 eyes of high myopia and 1 eye of keratoconus were performed and followed upto average 4.9 months. All cases improved their uncorrected visual acuity and the preoperative best corrected visual acuity improved or had no change postoperatively except one case on the last visit. In the cases of high myopia, the mean preoperative spherical equivalent of -19.4D was corrected to average -0.23D with the range of -1.75D to +2.5D postoperatively. In the case of keratoconus, there was the mean decrease in 12.0D of myopia in terms of spherical equivalent and the cornea was flattened by over 8D in keratometry readings.
Aphakia ; Cornea ; Epikeratophakia* ; Keratoconus ; Myopia ; Reading ; Visual Acuity

Sixteen eyes of 8 premature infants with stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity were treated with cryotherapy. Transconjunctival or transscleral cryotherapy was applied to the avascular retina with a cataract cryoprobe under general anesthesia. The mean follow up period was 8.2 months with a range of 4.5 to 14 months. Twelve(75%) of 16 treated eyes showed complete resolution of retinopathy of prematurity, while 4(25%) of 16 treated eyes showed cicticial change: 1 eye became cicatricial Grade I and 3 eyes Grade II.
Anesthesia, General ; Cataract ; Cryotherapy* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Retina ; Retinopathy of Prematurity*

Sixteen eyes of 8 premature infants with stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity were treated with cryotherapy. Transconjunctival or transscleral cryotherapy was applied to the avascular retina with a cataract cryoprobe under general anesthesia. The mean follow up period was 8.2 months with a range of 4.5 to 14 months. Twelve(75%) of 16 treated eyes showed complete resolution of retinopathy of prematurity, while 4(25%) of 16 treated eyes showed cicticial change: 1 eye became cicatricial Grade I and 3 eyes Grade II.
Anesthesia, General ; Cataract ; Cryotherapy* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Retina ; Retinopathy of Prematurity*

In the process of closing a scleral wound caused by various conditions, incarceration af the conjunctiva, Tenon's capsule or vitreous in the wound can occur unexpectedly. We created such conditions experimentally to determine their intraocular complications. The experimental, materials were 12 albino rabhits(24 eyes) and the rabbits were divided into two groups(I and II). Group I rabbits(12 eyes) received no vinectormy and group II rabbits(12 eyes) received a vitrectormy. After the conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule flap was made, the tissue flap was inserted into the vitreous cavity through the sclerotomy site- Fundus examination with an indirect ophthalmoscope and enucleation for histology were performed at 3 days, 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after the experiment. The results were as follows: 1, Intraocular fibrovascular proliferation developed in all experimental rabbit eyes. 2. The more vitreous hemorrhage developed, the greater was the fibrovascular proliferation and the degree of fibrovascular proliferation was more marked in group II than group I. 3. The fibrovascular proliferation developed to a band in 3 weeks, then regressed gradually. 4. The fibrovascular band was composed of fibroblasts, stromal matrix and few vessels.
Conjunctiva ; Fibroblasts ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Rabbits ; Tenon Capsule ; Vitreous Hemorrhage ; Wounds and Injuries*

In the process of closing a scleral wound caused by various conditions, incarceration af the conjunctiva, Tenon's capsule or vitreous in the wound can occur unexpectedly. We created such conditions experimentally to determine their intraocular complications. The experimental, materials were 12 albino rabhits(24 eyes) and the rabbits were divided into two groups(I and II). Group I rabbits(12 eyes) received no vinectormy and group II rabbits(12 eyes) received a vitrectormy. After the conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule flap was made, the tissue flap was inserted into the vitreous cavity through the sclerotomy site- Fundus examination with an indirect ophthalmoscope and enucleation for histology were performed at 3 days, 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after the experiment. The results were as follows: 1, Intraocular fibrovascular proliferation developed in all experimental rabbit eyes. 2. The more vitreous hemorrhage developed, the greater was the fibrovascular proliferation and the degree of fibrovascular proliferation was more marked in group II than group I. 3. The fibrovascular proliferation developed to a band in 3 weeks, then regressed gradually. 4. The fibrovascular band was composed of fibroblasts, stromal matrix and few vessels.
Conjunctiva ; Fibroblasts ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Rabbits ; Tenon Capsule ; Vitreous Hemorrhage ; Wounds and Injuries*

In the process of closing scleral wounds caused by various conditions, incarceration of conjunctiva, Tenon's capsule, or vitreous in the wound can occur unexpectedly. We created such conditions experimentally in order to discover their intraocular complications. The experimental materials consisted of 12 albino rabbits (24 eyes) divided into two groups (Groups I & II). Vitrectomy was performed in the Group I rabbits (12 eyes) but not in the Group II rabbits (12 eyes). Flaps of conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule were made and inserted into the vitreous cavity through the sclerotomy site, which was soon closed. Fundal examination of the rabbits was carried out using an indirect ophthalmoscope at intervals after the procedure; first at 3 days, then at 1, 3, and 6 weeks, and then at 3 months and 6 months, respectively. Enucleation of the rabbits' eyes 4 from two different rabbits at each of these intervals was carried out, and the extracted eyes were examined under a light microscope at each interval. The results are summarized as follows: 1. All rabbit eyes studied showed intraocular fibrovascular proliferation. 2. The extent of tissue proliferation, which was proportional to the amount of vitreous hemorrhage, was greater in Group II than in Group I. 3. The proliferated tissue developed to "band" by three weeks postexperiment, after which it gradually regressed. 4. The fibrovascular band was made of fibroblasts, stromal matrix, and capillaries.
Animals ; Cell Division ; Conjunctiva/pathology ; Eye Injuries/surgery ; Fundus Oculi ; Postoperative Complications ; Rabbits ; Retinal Diseases/pathology ; Retinal Vessels/*pathology ; Sclera/*surgery ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreous Hemorrhage/pathology

After the first description of epikeratoplasty for the correction of aphakia by Kaufman in 1980, the application of epikeratoplasty has been extended further to the treatment of keratoconus and high myopia. Six epikeratoplasty for five eyes of high myopia and one eye of keratoconus were performed and followed up for an average of 4.9 months. All cases improved their uncorrected visual acuity, and the preoperative best corrected visual acuity improved or had no change postoperatively except for one case. In the cases of high myopia, the mean preoperative spherical equivalent of -19.4 D was corrected to an average -0.23 D with a range of -1.0 D to +2.5 D postoperatively. In the case of keratoconus, there was a mean decrease in 12.0 D of myopia in terms of the spherical equivalent, and the cornea was flattened by over 8 D in keratometry readings.
Adolescent ; Adult ; *Corneal Transplantation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratoconus/*surgery ; Male ; Myopia/*surgery ; Postoperative Care ; Visual Acuity

Transverse incision astigmatic keratotomy procedures were performed, combined with radial keratotomy, in 16 eyes for correction of astigmatism and coexisting myopia. We used a transverse incision technique in which T-incisions vertically intersected radial incisions of the steepest corneal meridian. After a mean follow-up period of 10 months with a range of six to 27 months, an average 1.92 diopters of the cylinder was corrected. In comparison with 2.11 diopters of the cylinder corrected at postoperative one day, there was a 22.8% decrease in the effect of astigmatism correction after a postoperative period averaging 10 months.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Astigmatism/complications/*surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratotomy, Radial/*methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myopia/complications/surgery ; Refraction, Ocular ; Visual Acuity

15 patients with active Behcet's uveitis, suffering from marked deterioration of visual acuity in at least one eye were treated with cyclosporin A(CYA), 5 mg/kg/day for 6 months. All patients showed improved or same visual acuity after 1 month trial. All except 4 cases maintained same or improved visual acuity after trial of 6 months. There were minor side effects noted during the trial of 6 months except one who had suffered from the chronic persistent hepatitis. The authors conclude that CYA seems to be effective drug for the treatment of severe Behcet's uveitis.
Cyclosporine ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Humans ; Uveitis ; Visual Acuity

A new surgical technique to correct hyperopia by steepening the central corneal curvature was performed experimentally on the eyes of rabbits. After X-shaped incIsIOns at four quadrants of the mid-peripheral cornea, four circumferential interrupted sutures with nearly full depth reaching to Descemet's membrane were performed across the incIsions. The knots were tightened in order to shorten the cornea in the direction of the suture and eventually to shorten the circumference of the mid-peripheral cornea, which, in turn, induced a forward bulging of the central cornea. Twenty-three eyes of 12 albino rabbits were divided into group A (7 eyes) with 4mm of optical zone, group B (9 eyes) with 6mm of optical zone, and group C which, as the control group, consisted of 7 contralateral eyes of gorup A without any incision or suture. There were significant changes (p Cornea ; Descemet Membrane ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hyperopia* ; Rabbits* ; Reading ; Suture Techniques* ; Sutures*