In the process of closing scleral wounds caused by various conditions, incarceration of conjunctiva, Tenon's capsule, or vitreous in the wound can occur unexpectedly. We created such conditions experimentally in order to discover their intraocular complications. The experimental materials consisted of 12 albino rabbits (24 eyes) divided into two groups (Groups I & II). Vitrectomy was performed in the Group I rabbits (12 eyes) but not in the Group II rabbits (12 eyes). Flaps of conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule were made and inserted into the vitreous cavity through the sclerotomy site, which was soon closed. Fundal examination of the rabbits was carried out using an indirect ophthalmoscope at intervals after the procedure; first at 3 days, then at 1, 3, and 6 weeks, and then at 3 months and 6 months, respectively. Enucleation of the rabbits' eyes 4 from two different rabbits at each of these intervals was carried out, and the extracted eyes were examined under a light microscope at each interval. The results are summarized as follows: 1. All rabbit eyes studied showed intraocular fibrovascular proliferation. 2. The extent of tissue proliferation, which was proportional to the amount of vitreous hemorrhage, was greater in Group II than in Group I. 3. The proliferated tissue developed to "band" by three weeks postexperiment, after which it gradually regressed. 4. The fibrovascular band was made of fibroblasts, stromal matrix, and capillaries.
Animals ; Cell Division ; Conjunctiva/pathology ; Eye Injuries/surgery ; Fundus Oculi ; Postoperative Complications ; Rabbits ; Retinal Diseases/pathology ; Retinal Vessels/*pathology ; Sclera/*surgery ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreous Hemorrhage/pathology

In the process of closing a scleral wound caused by various conditions, incarceration af the conjunctiva, Tenon's capsule or vitreous in the wound can occur unexpectedly. We created such conditions experimentally to determine their intraocular complications. The experimental, materials were 12 albino rabhits(24 eyes) and the rabbits were divided into two groups(I and II). Group I rabbits(12 eyes) received no vinectormy and group II rabbits(12 eyes) received a vitrectormy. After the conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule flap was made, the tissue flap was inserted into the vitreous cavity through the sclerotomy site- Fundus examination with an indirect ophthalmoscope and enucleation for histology were performed at 3 days, 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after the experiment. The results were as follows: 1, Intraocular fibrovascular proliferation developed in all experimental rabbit eyes. 2. The more vitreous hemorrhage developed, the greater was the fibrovascular proliferation and the degree of fibrovascular proliferation was more marked in group II than group I. 3. The fibrovascular proliferation developed to a band in 3 weeks, then regressed gradually. 4. The fibrovascular band was composed of fibroblasts, stromal matrix and few vessels.
Conjunctiva ; Fibroblasts ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Rabbits ; Tenon Capsule ; Vitreous Hemorrhage ; Wounds and Injuries*

In the process of closing a scleral wound caused by various conditions, incarceration af the conjunctiva, Tenon's capsule or vitreous in the wound can occur unexpectedly. We created such conditions experimentally to determine their intraocular complications. The experimental, materials were 12 albino rabhits(24 eyes) and the rabbits were divided into two groups(I and II). Group I rabbits(12 eyes) received no vinectormy and group II rabbits(12 eyes) received a vitrectormy. After the conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule flap was made, the tissue flap was inserted into the vitreous cavity through the sclerotomy site- Fundus examination with an indirect ophthalmoscope and enucleation for histology were performed at 3 days, 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after the experiment. The results were as follows: 1, Intraocular fibrovascular proliferation developed in all experimental rabbit eyes. 2. The more vitreous hemorrhage developed, the greater was the fibrovascular proliferation and the degree of fibrovascular proliferation was more marked in group II than group I. 3. The fibrovascular proliferation developed to a band in 3 weeks, then regressed gradually. 4. The fibrovascular band was composed of fibroblasts, stromal matrix and few vessels.
Conjunctiva ; Fibroblasts ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Rabbits ; Tenon Capsule ; Vitreous Hemorrhage ; Wounds and Injuries*

After the first description of epikeratoplasty for the correction of aphakia by Kaufman in 1980, the application of epikeratoplasty has been extended further to keratoconus and high myopia. Six epikeratoplasty for 5 eyes of high myopia and 1 eye of keratoconus were performed and followed upto average 4.9 months. All cases improved their uncorrected visual acuity and the preoperative best corrected visual acuity improved or had no change postoperatively except one case on the last visit. In the cases of high myopia, the mean preoperative spherical equivalent of -19.4D was corrected to average -0.23D with the range of -1.75D to +2.5D postoperatively. In the case of keratoconus, there was the mean decrease in 12.0D of myopia in terms of spherical equivalent and the cornea was flattened by over 8D in keratometry readings.
Aphakia ; Cornea ; Epikeratophakia* ; Keratoconus ; Myopia ; Reading ; Visual Acuity

After the first description of epikeratoplasty for the correction of aphakia by Kaufman in 1980, the application of epikeratoplasty has been extended further to the treatment of keratoconus and high myopia. Six epikeratoplasty for five eyes of high myopia and one eye of keratoconus were performed and followed up for an average of 4.9 months. All cases improved their uncorrected visual acuity, and the preoperative best corrected visual acuity improved or had no change postoperatively except for one case. In the cases of high myopia, the mean preoperative spherical equivalent of -19.4 D was corrected to an average -0.23 D with a range of -1.0 D to +2.5 D postoperatively. In the case of keratoconus, there was a mean decrease in 12.0 D of myopia in terms of the spherical equivalent, and the cornea was flattened by over 8 D in keratometry readings.
Adolescent ; Adult ; *Corneal Transplantation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratoconus/*surgery ; Male ; Myopia/*surgery ; Postoperative Care ; Visual Acuity

Transverse incision astigmatic keratotomy procedures were performed, combined with radial keratotomy, in 16 eyes for correction of astigmatism and coexisting myopia. We used a transverse incision technique in which T-incisions vertically intersected radial incisions of the steepest corneal meridian. After a mean follow-up period of 10 months with a range of six to 27 months, an average 1.92 diopters of the cylinder was corrected. In comparison with 2.11 diopters of the cylinder corrected at postoperative one day, there was a 22.8% decrease in the effect of astigmatism correction after a postoperative period averaging 10 months.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Astigmatism/complications/*surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratotomy, Radial/*methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myopia/complications/surgery ; Refraction, Ocular ; Visual Acuity

We analysed the results of the 521 bronchofiberscopies which was carried out at the Severance Hospital during 1977-1980. The purpose of the bronchofiberscopic procedures were diagnostic in 488 cases (93.8%), therapeutic in 18 cases (3.4%) and follow up observation in 15 cases (2.8%). It's major role is in the diagnosis of lung cancer and the tuberculosis in our hospital. In 190 patients of lung cancer confirmed positive typing was possible in 72.9% by bronchial biopsy, 52.6% by washing cytology. In 48 patient with tuberculosis who was not diagnosed before bronchofiberscopy, tubercle bacilli were found in 20% by AFB smear, 51% by AFB culture and 68.4% by bronchoscopic biopsy. Complications were minimal(1.9%).
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bronchoscopy/methods ; Female ; Fiber Optics ; Human ; Lung Diseases/diagnosis* ; Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Age

A new surgical technique to correct hyperopia by steepening the central corneal curvature was performed experimentally on the eyes of rabbits. After X-shaped incIsIOns at four quadrants of the mid-peripheral cornea, four circumferential interrupted sutures with nearly full depth reaching to Descemet's membrane were performed across the incIsions. The knots were tightened in order to shorten the cornea in the direction of the suture and eventually to shorten the circumference of the mid-peripheral cornea, which, in turn, induced a forward bulging of the central cornea. Twenty-three eyes of 12 albino rabbits were divided into group A (7 eyes) with 4mm of optical zone, group B (9 eyes) with 6mm of optical zone, and group C which, as the control group, consisted of 7 contralateral eyes of gorup A without any incision or suture. There were significant changes (p Cornea ; Descemet Membrane ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hyperopia* ; Rabbits* ; Reading ; Suture Techniques* ; Sutures*

One hundred and sixty patients having bronchogenic carcinoma were evaluated for bone metastasis by means of 99mTc-monodiphosphate bone scanning, correlative radiographic bone survey and their clinical findings. In all patients, diagnosis was histologically proved. Bone scan demonstrated the possible evidence of bone metastasis in 75 patients (46.9%) and radiography, in 29 patients (18.1%). False negative was noted in 1 patient-Bone scan correlated with radiography in 37.3%, and with accompanying bone pain in 52% of the patients. But there was no correlation with the level of serum calcium, inorganic phos- phorus and alkaline phosphatase. In connection with their clinical stages before scanning, bone scans were positive in 33.3% of clinical stage I, 10.8% of clinica1 stage II and 54.1% of clinical stage III. Our Study suggests that bone scanning with 99m-monodiphosphate detected early bone metastasis in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma before their lesions became evident clinically or radiographically, and also important to determine operability.
Adult ; Aged ; Bone Neoplasms/radiography ; Bone Neoplasms/radionuclide imaging ; Bone Neoplasms/secondary* ; Bone and Bones/radionuclide imaging* ; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/radiography ; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/radionuclide imaging* ; Comparative Study ; Female ; Human ; Lung Neoplasms/radiography ; Lung Neoplasms/radionuclide imaging* ; Male ; Middle Age ; Technetium/diagnostic use ; Tomography, Emission-Computed

Previous studies have suggested that brain stem noradrenergic inputs differentially modulate neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Here, we compared the effects of norepinephrine (NE) on spontaneous GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) in identified PVN neurons using slice patch technique. In 17 of 18 type I neurons, NE (30-100microM) reversibly decreased sIPSC frequency to 41+/-7% of the baseline value (4.4+/-0.8 Hz, p<0.001). This effect was blocked by yohimbine (2-20microM), an alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist and mimicked by clonidine (50 microM), an alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist. In contrast, NE increased sIPSC frequency to 248+/-32% of the control (3.06+/-0.37 Hz, p<0.001) in 31 of 54 type II neurons, but decreased the frequency to 41+/-7% of the control (5.5+/-1.3 Hz) in the rest of type II neurons (p<0.001). In both types of PVN neurons, NE did not affect the mean amplitude and decay time constant of sIPSCs. In addition, membrane input resistance and amplitude of sIPSC of type I neurons were larger than those of type II neurons tested (1209 vs. 736 M omega, p<0.001; 110 vs. 81 pS, p<0.001). The results suggest that noradrenergic modulation of inhibitory synaptic transmission in the PVN decreases the neuronal excitability in most type I neurons via alpha2-adrenoceptor, however, either increases in about 60% or decreases in 40% of type II neurons.
Brain Stem ; Clonidine ; Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials* ; Membranes ; Neurons ; Norepinephrine ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus* ; Synaptic Transmission ; Yohimbine