The study was carried out in Hoan Kiem and Soc Son District in Hanoi city. In each area, 160 women were selected and divided into 4 groups: The menopause of 5 years, > 5-10 years, >10 years and group of 25- 39 years. Vein blood were taken for measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin concentration. Hungry urine was collected was to determine urinary calcium and creatinin levels, calcium/creatinin ratio. The results showed that: - Serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase which were biological markers of bone formation significantly increased in menopausal women and then decreased. Urinary calcium level and calcium/creatinin ratio of the Hoan Kiem women were higher than Soc Son ones.
Premenopause ; Women ; Biological Factors ; Bone and bones

In menopausal women, beta-estradiol decreased and there are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Objective: (1) Define someanthropologican- functional indexes and (2) relation of beta-estradiol with these indices of menopausal women living in Can Tho City. Subjects: 59 natural menopausal women and 59 women aged 25-39 years old (the control group). Method: cross-sectional surveys. Results: the menopausal women who had lower height and serum estradiol while higher 8MI, waist to hip ratio, blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides in comparision with the control group (p<0.01-0.001); Beta-estradiol and the weight, BMI, waist to hip ratio, blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides of menopausal women have a linear relationship. Conclusion: in menopausal women, there are the change some morphological, functional indices and these indices have a linear relationship with beta-estradiol.
Postmenopause ; Women

38 cases of chronic cardio-pulmonary syndrome due to COPD in Hospital No 103 from Feb. 1998 to July 1999, including 34 males, 4 females, aged 48-79 were studies. Control group includes 20 healthy persons (16 males, 4 females). There was a lineal negative correclation between high pulmonary artery pressure and the pulmonary ventilation parameters. There is a close correlation with FEV1 rather close with SVC, FVC and FEF 25-75%. There were 34/38 (89.47%) patients with high arterial systolic, in same time III stage COPD
Pulmonary Ventilation ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Patients

Lenzites betulinus, known as gilled polypore belongs to Basidiomycota was isolated from fruiting body on broadleaf dead trees. It was found that the mycelia of white rot fungus Lenzites betulinus IUM 5468 produced ethanol from various sugars, including glucose, mannose, galactose, and cellobiose with a yield of 0.38, 0.26, 0.07, and 0.26 g of ethanol per gram of sugar consumed, respectively. This fungus relatively exhibited a good ethanol production from xylose at 0.26 g of ethanol per gram of sugar consumed. However, the ethanol conversion rate of arabinose was relatively low (at 0.07 g of ethanol per gram sugar). L. betulinus was capable of producing ethanol directly from rice straw and corn stalks at 0.22 g and 0.16 g of ethanol per gram of substrates, respectively, when this fungus was cultured in a basal medium containing 20 g/L rice straw or corn stalks. These results indicate that L. betulinus can produce ethanol efficiently from glucose, mannose, and cellobiose and produce ethanol very poorly from galactose and arabinose. Therefore, it is suggested that this fungus can ferment ethanol from various sugars and hydrolyze cellulosic materials to sugars and convert them to ethanol simultaneously.
Animals ; Arabinose ; Basidiomycota ; Biomass* ; Carbohydrates* ; Cellobiose ; Ethanol* ; Fruit ; Fungi* ; Galactose ; Gills ; Glucose ; Mannose ; Trees ; Xylose ; Zea mays

Culinary mushroom Pleurotus pulmonarius has been popular in Asian countries. In this study, the anti-oxidant, cholinesterase, and inflammation inhibitory activities of methanol extract (ME) of fruiting bodies of P. pulmonarius were evaluted. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazy free radical scavenging activity of ME at 2.0 mg/mL was comparable to that of butylated hydroxytoluene, the standard reference. The ME exhibited significantly higher hydroxyl radical scavenging activity than butylated hydroxytoluene. ME showed slightly lower but moderate inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase than galantamine, a standard AChE inhibitor. It also exhibited protective effect against cytotoxicity to PC-12 cells induced by glutamate (10~100 µg/mL), inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, and carrageenan-induced paw edema in a rat model. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed the ME of P. pulmonarius contained at least 10 phenolic compounds and some of them were identified by the comparison with known standard phenolics. Taken together, our results demonstrate that fruiting bodies of P. pulmonarius possess antioxidant, anti-cholinesterase, and inflammation inhibitory activities.
Acetylcholinesterase ; Agaricales* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Butylated Hydroxytoluene ; Butyrylcholinesterase ; Cholinesterases ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Edema ; Fruit ; Galantamine ; Glutamic Acid ; Humans ; Hydroxyl Radical ; Inflammation ; Macrophages ; Methanol ; Models, Animal ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Phenol ; Pleurotus*

Objectives: The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has increased, particularly among individuals who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Health literacy is considered a “social vaccine” that helps people respond effectively to the pandemic. We aimed to investigate the association between long COVID-19 and PTSD, and to examine the modifying role of health literacy in this association. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at 18 hospitals and health centers in Vietnamfrom December 2021 to October 2022. We recruited 4,463 individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 infection for at least 4 weeks. Participants provided information about their sociodemographics, clinical parameters, health-related behaviors, health literacy (usingthe 12-item short-form health literacy scale), long COVID-19 symptoms and PTSD (Impact Event Scale-Revised score of 33 or higher). Logistic regression models were used to examine associations and interactions. Results: Out of the study sample, 55.9% had long COVID-19 symptoms, and 49.6% had PTSD.Individuals with long COVID-19 symptoms had a higher likelihood of PTSD (odds ratio [OR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63–2.12; p < 0.001). Higher health literacy was associated with a lower likelihood of PTSD (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97–0.99; p = 0.001). Compared to those without long COVID-19 symptoms and the lowest health literacy score, those with long COVID-19 symptoms and a 1-point health literacy increment had a 3% lower likelihood of PTSD (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96–0.99; p = 0.001). Conclusion Health literacy was found to be a protective factor against PTSD and modified the negative impact of long COVID-19 symptoms on PTSD.