CT is a valuable method in determining number, location and extent of lesions, although a definite diagnosisis often not possible on CT. In intracranial tuberculosis, CT was helpful in the diagnosis, assessing the degreeof hydrocephalus and evaluating the effectiveness of antituberculous therapy. Twenty-one cases of clinical lyproven intracranial tuberculosis were studied by CT in our hospital during last 3 years. Of them, eighteen caseswere tuberculous meningitis and the rests were tuberculoma. The results were as follows; 1. Tuberculous meningitis presented the following three patterns of CT findings according to its disease process. a. In early stage of the disease, suspcious multiple isodense small nodules in the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres showed dense enhancement in postcontrast scan representing miliary tubercles. b. In later stage of the disease, precontrastscan showed partial or total obliteration of the basal and sylvian cisterns with mild dilatation of ventricularsystem. Postcontrast scan showed dense enhancement of basal and sylvian sisterns. This type of finding was themost common in our series. c. Moderate to marked dilatation of ventricle with or without a cluster ofcalcifications in suprsella area on precontrast scan was seen in far later stage or as a sequellae of the disease. No enhancement was noted in postcontrast study. 2. Tuberculoma showed an isodense or slightly hyperdense area inthe cerebral or cerebellar hemisphere with associated minimal edema in precontrast study. Postcontrast scan showeda small ring enhancement with central lucent area.
Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Edema ; Hydrocephalus ; Methods ; Tuberculoma ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Meningeal

No abstract available.
Female ; Fetal Blood* ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced* ; Infant, Newborn* ; Mothers* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy*

There have been many reports to date regarding the role of GnRH as a local regulatory factor of ovarian function as studies of human and rat ovaries revealed GnRH and its receptor. In recent studies it has been shown that GnRH directly causes apoptosis in the granulosa cells of the rat ovary, and such results leads to the suggestion that the use of GnRH agonist for more stable long term ovarian hyperstimulation in human IVF-ET programs causes granulosa cell apoptosis which may lead to follicular atresia. Therefore this study attempts to determine if granulosa-luteal cell apoptosis occurs in patients during IVF-ET programs in which GnRH agonist is employed for ovarian hyperstimulation. The quality of oocyte-cumulus complexes obtained during ovum pickup procedures were assessed morphologically and then the fertilization rate and developmental rate was determined. Apoptotic cells among the granulosa-luteal cells obtained during the same procedure were observed after staining with Hematoxylin-rosin. The fragmentation degree of DNA extracted from granulosa-luteal cells was determined and comparatively analyzed. There was no difference in the average age of the patients, the number of oocytes retrieved, and fertilization and developmental rates between the FSH/hMG group and GnRH-long group. There was also no difference in the apoptosis rate and pyknosis rate in the granulosa-luteal cells between the two groups. However, when the oocyte-cumulus complexes were morphoogically divided into the healthy group and atretic group without regard for the method of hyperstimulation, the results showed that the number of oocytes obtained averaged 11.09+/-8.75 and 10.33+/-4.53 per cycle, respectively, showing no significant difference, but the fertilization rate (77.05%, 56.99%, respectively, p<0.01) and developmental ,ate (65.96%, 41.51%, respectively, p<0.01) was significantly increased in the healthy group when compared to the atretic group. The degree of apoptosis in the granulosa-luteal cells showed that in the healthy group it was 2.25% which was not significantly different from the atretic group (2.77%), but the pyknosis rate in the atretic group (27.81%) was significantly higher compared to the healthy group (11.35%, p<0.01). The quantity of DNA fragmentation in the FSH/hMG group was 32.22%, while in the GnRH-long group it was 34.27%, showing no significant difference. On the other hand the degree of DNA fragmentation was 39.05% and 11.83% in the healthy group and atretic group, respectively, showing significantly higher increase in the atretic group (p<0.01). The above results suggest that death of granulosa-luteal cells according to the state of the oocyte-cumulus complex is more related to pyknosis rather than apoptosis. Also, the GnRH agonist used in ovarian hyperstimulation does not seem to directly affect the apoptosis of retrieved oocytes and granulosa-luteal cells, and which is thought to be due to the suppression of the apoptogenic effect of GnRH agonist as a result of the high doses of FSH administered.
Animals ; Apoptosis* ; DNA ; DNA Fragmentation ; Female ; Fertilization ; Follicular Atresia ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Granulosa Cells ; Hand ; Humans* ; Luteal Cells ; Oocytes ; Ovary ; Ovum ; Rats

Schwannoma, the most common neoplasm in the spinal cord, rarely develops in childhood and at the anterior aspect of the spinal cord. The authors have experienced a case of schwannoma located on the ventral surface of the cervical cord in a 9 year old boy with one year hostoires of neck discomfort and progressive weakness of the right sided extremities.
Child* ; Extremities ; Humans ; Male ; Neck ; Neurilemmoma* ; Spinal Cord

PURPOSE: To evaluate the characteristic MR findings of hemophilic arthropathy of the knee. MATERIALS & METHOD: Seven knees in six patients with hemophilia (five hemophilia A and one hemophilia B) were retrospectively studied with MR images and plain radiographs. Patients were aged between 2 and 20 years (mean, 11) and all had a clinical history of repeated hemarthrosis. MR images of the knee were analyzed with respect to intra- andextra-articular hemorrhage, the state of synovial tissue, articular cartilage, bone, menisci, and ligaments. RESULTS: Synovial hypertrophy and articular cartilage destruction were revealed in all seven knees ; pannus wasfound in four, and was seen as low signal intensity on T1-weighted image and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. All five instances of synovial hypertrophy and pannus were enhanced. Joint effusion, presented in five ofseven knees, demonstrated slightly low signal intensity on T1-weighted image and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images, and was associated with peripheral low signal intensity of hemosiderin. Subchondral and marginal erosion was seen in six cases, patellar deformity in three, meniscal damage in four and cruciate ligament damage in one case. CONCLUSION: MR is superior to plain radiography in demonstrating chronic repeated hemarthrosis (manifested as thick intra-articular effusion), hemosiderin, synovial hypertrophy, erosion ordestruction of articular cartilage and bone, and meniscal or cruciate ligament injury of hemophilic arthropathy ofthe knee. MR is therefore thought to be a useful imaging study for accurate evaluation of hemophilic arthropathyof the knee.
Cartilage, Articular ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Hemarthrosis ; Hemophilia A ; Hemorrhage ; Hemosiderin ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Joints ; Knee* ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Radiography* ; Sulindac

Susceptibilities of 5 different mice strains, including C3H/HeN, BALB/c, C57BL6, FvB and ICR, to Echinostoma hortense infection, was evaluated. The worm expulsion rate, worm size and egg production were observed from 1 to 8 weeks after infection with 30 metacercariae. C3H/HeN and ICR mice showed the highest worm maturation rates. The worm recovery rate and the number of eggs per gram (EPG) of feces was also higher in C3H/HeN and ICR mice than in BALB/c, C57BL6, and FvB mice. It is suggested that E. hortense is highly infectious to ICR and C3H/HeN mice, but not to the other strains of mice. Based on the results obtained, we believe that the susceptibility of different mouse strains to E. hortense infection is dependent on the genetic and immunologic background of mice.
Animals ; Echinostoma/*growth & development ; Echinostomiasis/genetics/*parasitology ; Feces/parasitology ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Intestines/parasitology ; Mice/*parasitology ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Parasite Egg Count

Aged ; Contrast Media ; adverse effects ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Arrest ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; therapy

This paper contains the results of cl inical studies with 0.1 and 0.15 Tesla KAIS NMR Tomograph which was developed by Korea Advanced 1 nstitute of 5cience. A variety of imaging modes such as saturation recovery(SR), spin echo(SE), and inversion recovery(SR) as well as echo and repetition times were applied. Clinical imagings were performed on 22 patients with dlseases of brain (15 cases), cervical spine(2 cases}, chest (2 cases), pancreas (2 cases), and kidney (1 case). In SR imaglng, we have obtained images strongly dependent on the hydrogen nuclei density. SE with long echo time and IR are effective for T2 and T1 dependent images, respectively. Results of clinical NMR imaging are presented and compared with X-CT and the other radiological examinations. Obtained results appear promising and with further examinations along with parameter adjustment, it is expected that the NMR imaging will not only substitute many conventional diagnostic methods such as X.ray CT but also be useful for the early detection of tumor and other lesions not obtainable with other modalities.
Brain ; Humans ; Hydrogen ; Kidney ; Korea ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pancreas ; Thorax

Polymyositis (PM) is a chronic inflammatory disease that predominantly affects muscles. Systemic organ involvement, including the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, is frequently observed in PM, but renal involvement is rare. Herein, we report the case of a 56-year-old woman presenting with weight gain, edema, and generalized myalgia. Laboratory tests revealed elevated creatinine kinase level, hypoalbuminemia, and proteinuria. Histopathological examination of muscle biopsy revealed inflammatory myositis, and a renal biopsy confirmed immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy. Based on the clinico-pathological results, the patient was diagnosed with PM with IgA nephropathy. This is a report of a rare occurrence of IgA nephropathy in a patient with PM presenting with chronic glomerulonephritis.
Biopsy ; Creatinine ; Edema ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Glomerulonephritis ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA* ; Humans ; Hypoalbuminemia ; Immunoglobulin A* ; Immunoglobulins* ; Middle Aged ; Muscles ; Myalgia ; Myositis ; Phosphotransferases ; Polymyositis* ; Proteinuria ; Weight Gain

Behcet's disease is a systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by recurrent oral aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, uveitis, and skin lesions. Renal involvement is rare in patients with Behcet's disease particularly immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy. Other autoimmune diseases have been associated with increased risk of malignancy, but not Behcet's disease. Some cases of Behcet's disease accompanied by bladder cancer, thyroid cancer, stomach cancer, or hematologic malignancies have been reported. However, to the best of our knowledge, co-occurrence of Behcet's diseases with thymic carcinoma has not yet been reported. We experienced a 49-year-old male patient who had been treated for Behcet disease and IgA nephropathy, who presented with a large mediastinal mass on chest x-ray. After thymectomy, he was diagnosed with thymic carcinoma with complete resection.
Autoimmune Diseases ; Behcet Syndrome ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA* ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Stomatitis, Aphthous ; Thorax ; Thymectomy ; Thymoma* ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Ulcer ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Uveitis