PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop the Nurse Presence Scale and to test the reliability and validity of the instrument. METHOD: The subjects verifying the scale's reliability and validity were adult patients being treated in three artificial kidney unit in Pusan and Taegu from August 1 to October 15, 2000. The data was analyzed by the SPSS/WIN 8.0 program. RESULT: A factor analysis and was conducted items that had a factor loading more than .40, and an eigen value more than 1.0 were seleclted. The factor analysis classified a total of seven factors statistically, but the seventh factor was excluded because communality was less than 4%. Therefore, there were six factors, and its communality was 62%. The explanation of domain and factors based on the conceptual framework and item content are as follows: The first factor was 'interaction' in emotional areas, the second domain was 'empathy' in cognitive areas, the third was 'attention' in emotional areas, the fourth was 'openness' in emotional areas, the fifth was 'sensitivity' in behavioral areas, and the sixth was 'physical assist' in behavioral areas. Cronbach's alpa coefficient to test reliability of the scale was .9766 for a total 49 items. CONCLUSION: The Scale for Nurse Presence developed in the study was identified as a tool with a high degree of reliability and validity. Therefore, this scale can be effectively utilized for the evaluation of nurse presence in clinical settings.
Adult ; Busan ; Daegu ; Humans ; Kidneys, Artificial ; Reproducibility of Results

With the rapid development of my country's hemodialysis industry, the application of hemodialysis machines has become more and more extensive, but at the same time, the quality control technology of hemodialysis machines is not perfect. Especially for a wide range of leachable substances in dialyzers, there are few studies and detection methods. This study first briefly describes the development of hemodialyzers, and then expounds the common types of leachables, extraction methods, and chromatography and mass spectrometry conditions. It is summarized that the research plan of leachable substances is to determine the type first, then formulate the extraction plan, and then establish the detection method. Finally, we look forward to the research prospects of hemodialyzer leachables, and point out that with the deepening and extensive development of research, it can further promote the healthy development of the hemodialyzer industry.
Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy* ; Kidneys, Artificial ; Renal Dialysis

Maintenance hemodialysis is a mainstay of the renal replacement therapy for patients with end stage renal disease. The development of modern hemodialysis is principally owing to the invention of artificial kidney machine and the establishment of a stable and practical dialysis access. The developmental history of vascular access surgery will be discussed with the heroic works of the pioneers.
Dialysis ; Humans ; Inventions ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Kidneys, Artificial ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Replacement Therapy

While the artificial kidney bears little resemblance to the human kidney, it does have an important similarity in function. It is designed and constructed to remove nitrogenous waste, to restore chemical balance and to reduce body water in case of the edematous by ultrafiltration from the patient in a comparatively short space of time. The author treated 16 cases of renal failure caused by various origin in the Artificial Kidney Team of the University of Minnesota Hospital from October 1959 to March 1960, and 19 dialyses were performed on 9 patients by using the Kolff Disposable Twin Coil Kidney and conservativetreatment only on 7 patients.The outcomes of treatment were summarized as follows: Dialysed Group Conservative Treatment Group TotalAlive 5 cases (55%) 6 cases (86%) 11 cases (69%)Dead 1 cases (14%) 1 case (14%) 5 cases (31%)Total 9 cases 7 cases 16 cases.
Body Water ; Dialysis ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidneys, Artificial* ; Minnesota ; Nitrogen ; Renal Insufficiency ; Ultrafiltration

PURPOSE: This study was designed to explore the effects of providing individualized education for hemodialysis patients on their knowledge of hemodialysis, compliance of patient role behavior, and physiologic parameters. METHOD: A quasi experimental design with a non-equivalent control group and a non-synchronized design was used. The experiment was conducted with a total of 40 hemodialysis patients (20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group) at the artificial kidney center, C University Hospital. The experimental group was provided with individualized education, 30 minutes per session, three times per week, for two weeks. RESULTS: The experimental group had significantly higher knowledge of hemodialysis than the control group after the education. The compliance of patient role behavior was more enhanced in the experimental group than the control group. The experimental group showed significantly higher values of blood urea nitrogen, but not the values of blood creatinine, albumin, kalium, and phosphorus. CONCLUSION: The individualized education was found to be an effective intervention for improving patients' knowledge of hemodialysis and compliance of patient role behavior.
Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Compliance* ; Creatinine ; Education* ; Humans ; Kidneys, Artificial ; Phosphorus ; Renal Dialysis* ; Research Design

BACKGOUND: Bisphenol-A (2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, BPA) is suspected to be an endocrine disruptor. BPA is a component of polycarbonate (PC), polysulfone (PS), and epoxy resins. PC is used as a material in the case header. Evaluation of BPA release from hemodialyzers may be very important, because BPA released from hemodialyzers is directly introduced into blood circulation. We examined the plasma levels of BPA before and after a hemodialysis session to evaluate the degree of BPA in patients with regular hemodialysis. METHODS: Ten patients undergoing regular hemodialysis were enrolled. We used cellulosynthetic dialyzer (Hemophan(R)-Alwall GFS Plus 2) and Bisphenol A concentration in plasma that had been taken before and after a hemodialysis session determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. RESULTS: Plasma BPA levels before and after a hemodialysis session were 0.02+/-0.05 ng/mL and 0.16+/-0.15 ng/mL respectively. Plasma BPA levels after a hemodialysis session were significantly higher than those before hemodialysis. There were no significant correlations between plasma BPA level and several clinical parameters such as Kt/V, duration of hemodialysis, ultrafiltraion, blood flow, and age. CONCLUSION: Very small amounts of BPA were released from the cellulosynthetic hemodialyzer during a hemodialysis session. BPA doesn't seem to accumulate in the body of patients undergoing regular hemodialysis using cellulosynthetic hemodialyzer.
Blood Circulation ; Epoxy Resins ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Humans ; Kidneys, Artificial ; Plasma ; Renal Dialysis*

Hemodialysis using Kiil type artificial kidney was performed on two cases of acute renal failure and a case of chronic renal failure and the following results were obtained: 1. A case of acute renal failure recovered from her deteriorated renal function following four consecutive hemodialyses and another following a single hemodialysis of six hours. 2. A case of chronic renal failure is now stabilized clinically and maintained on ambulatory intermittent long-term hemodialysis.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Kidneys, Artificial* ; Renal Dialysis* ; Renal Insufficiency*

The major clinical advantages of dialyzer reuse are improved biocompatibility and a decrease in the frequency of the first use syndrome. Dialyzer reuse has made it possible to use biocompatible high flux membranes of the high price. Although dialyzer reuse in chronic hemodialysis patients is commonly practiced in the United States, it is not widely accepted in Korea. At Ajou University Hospital, we have reprocessed dialyzers since March 2000, and here we report our clinical experience for the 1st 8 weeks. We used high flux dialyzers with reprocessing practice in 24 chronic hemodialysis patients. Dialyzer reprocessing was performed by an automated machine(Renatron) using Renalin. We limited reuse upto 20 times, and we were able to reuse dialyzers upto this number in 17 patients. During the study period, no significant complication was observed as a result of the reuse program. Kt/Vurea and urea reduction ratio(URR) were not different between high and low flux dialyzers(1.41+/-0.29 vs 1.61+/-0.41 for Kt/Vurea and 66.70+/- 6.40% vs 65.69+/-5.63% for URR). In contrast, beta2-microglobulin(beta2M) reduction ratio and clearance were greater in high flux dialyzers than low flux dialyzers(p<0.001, -9.52+/-20.28% vs 42.00+/-8.61% for beta2M reduction ratio and 9.54+/-11.71mL/min vs 48.54+/-14.33mL/min for beta2M clearance). Kt/Vurea, URR, beta2M reduction ratio and beta2M clearance did not deteriorate with the increasing number of reuse. The predialysis values of beta2M decreased by 51% after 19 uses(p<0.001, 37.04+/-13.39 to 18.98+/-3.41mg/L). In summary, during the short pilot study period of 8 weeks, no significant clinical complication was encountered as a result of dialyzer reuse, and our results confirmed the effects of high flux dialyzers on removal of beta2M.
Humans ; Kidneys, Artificial* ; Korea ; Membranes ; Pilot Projects ; Renal Dialysis ; United States ; Urea

The major clinical advantages of dialyzer reuse are improved biocompatibility and a decrease in the frequency of the first use syndrome. Dialyzer reuse has made it possible to use biocompatible high flux membranes of the high price. Although dialyzer reuse in chronic hemodialysis patients is commonly practiced in the United States, it is not widely accepted in Korea. At Ajou University Hospital, we have reprocessed dialyzers since March 2000, and here we report our clinical experience for the 1st 8 weeks. We used high flux dialyzers with reprocessing practice in 24 chronic hemodialysis patients. Dialyzer reprocessing was performed by an automated machine(Renatron) using Renalin. We limited reuse upto 20 times, and we were able to reuse dialyzers upto this number in 17 patients. During the study period, no significant complication was observed as a result of the reuse program. Kt/Vurea and urea reduction ratio(URR) were not different between high and low flux dialyzers(1.41+/-0.29 vs 1.61+/-0.41 for Kt/Vurea and 66.70+/- 6.40% vs 65.69+/-5.63% for URR). In contrast, beta2-microglobulin(beta2M) reduction ratio and clearance were greater in high flux dialyzers than low flux dialyzers(p<0.001, -9.52+/-20.28% vs 42.00+/-8.61% for beta2M reduction ratio and 9.54+/-11.71mL/min vs 48.54+/-14.33mL/min for beta2M clearance). Kt/Vurea, URR, beta2M reduction ratio and beta2M clearance did not deteriorate with the increasing number of reuse. The predialysis values of beta2M decreased by 51% after 19 uses(p<0.001, 37.04+/-13.39 to 18.98+/-3.41mg/L). In summary, during the short pilot study period of 8 weeks, no significant clinical complication was encountered as a result of dialyzer reuse, and our results confirmed the effects of high flux dialyzers on removal of beta2M.
Humans ; Kidneys, Artificial* ; Korea ; Membranes ; Pilot Projects ; Renal Dialysis ; United States ; Urea

Since 1981, the Korean Society of Nephrology began annual report on renal replacement therapy in Korea. The annual number of new patients receiving dialysis treatment in 1986 increased to 957 patients (23.3 per million population) from 825 patients (20.4 per million population) in 1985. And the total number of patients on replacement therapy increased from 1,508 patients (37.3 per million population) to 2,534 patients (61.7 per million population). 1,340 patients (32.6 per million population) of these patients were on hemodialysis, 573 patients (13.9 per million population) on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and 621 patients (15.1 per million population) on functioning renal graft as of December 31, 1986. The common causes of renal failure of new patients were chronic glomerulonephritis (41.6%) followed by diabetic nephropathy (12.6%), nypertensive nephrosclerosis (7.8%), chronic pyelonephritis (2.5%) and others. The annual mortality rate decreased from 21.9% in 1981 to 13.5 in 1986. The common causes of death in patients on dialysis therapy were cardiac (32.8%), vascular (14.7%), infective (14.7%) and social problems (11.2%) in the order of frequency. Recently, the number of patients requiring dialysis is rapidly increasing due to expanded medical insurance support for dialysis and improved economic status of our country. Therefore, it is necessary to draw up counterplan for a rapid growth of the number of new patients.
Hepatitis B/etiology ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/epidemiology/*therapy ; *Kidney Transplantation ; *Kidneys, Artificial/adverse effects ; Korea ; Multicenter Studies as Topic