Primary carcinoid tumor of the kidney is a very rare neoplasm. In the literature 41 cases have been reported to date, and nine of these occurred in a horseshoe kidney. We report two cases of carcinoid tumor arising from horseshoe kidney, together with the radiological findings.
Carcinoid Tumor* ; Kidney Neoplasms ; Kidney*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalance of morphological variation of the kidney secondary to junctional parenchyma, as well as to analyze the ultrasonographic features of junctional parenchyma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and eighty two kidneys of 141 patient without clinical or radiologic evidence of renal disease were prospectively analysed using ultrasound. In all patients, ultrasonograms were obtained in sagittal, coronal and transaxial planes. The kidney was considered to have morphological variation if the ulrasonogram demonstrated junctional parenchymal defect or line ; those showing such variation were classified as one of three types :continuous, discontinuous, or junctional parenchymal line or defect without junctional parenchyma. The prevalance and ultrasonographic features of the kidneys were evaluated. RESULTS: Morphological variation was noted in 71 cases(25%). the continuous type accounted for 54% of these, the discontinuous type for 38%, and junctional parenchymal defect or line without junctional parenchyma for 8%. In all cases, junctional parenchyma was located approximately at the junction of the upper and middle third of the kidny, and had the same echogenecity as the renal cortex. CONCLUSION: An understanding of the morphological variation of the kidney resulting from junctional renal parenchyma would be helpful in differentiating pseudo tumor from true renal neoplasm.
Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; Kidney* ; Ultrasonography*

Biomarkers, Tumor ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Neoplasms ; Neoplasms

Nowadays, scientists are focus on studying the hereditary basic of renal cancer in order to detect early renal cancer and initially apply some treatment methods at molecular level. There are 4 types of renal cancer: Firstly, clear cell renal carcinoma is the most common one. Secondly, hereditary papillary renal carcinoma type I (HPRC) generated from epithelium of distal convoluted tubules which was discovered by Zbar in 1944, often occurs after 40 year old. Thirdly, hereditary chromophobe renal carcinoma and oncocytome which were described by Thoenes in 1985 and by Zipell in 1942 respectively. Hereditary oncocytome was found by Weirich in 1998. Fourthly, hereditary leiomyomatosis renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) and multiple cutaneous leiomyoma (MCL) belonging to papillary renal carcinoma type II is very malignant and metastatic
Kidney Neoplasms ; Genetics

Humans ; Kidney/pathology* ; Kidney Neoplasms/surgery* ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms

PURPOSE: To radiologically differentiate renal oncocytoma from other renal solid tumors, we analyzed and characterized, retrogradely, radiologic findings of renal oncocytomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radiologic findings of pathologically proven renal oncocytoma were analyzed in 9 patients. CT was performed in all patients, ultrasonography in 4 patients and MRI in 3 patients. (51) RESULTS: On ultrasonography, the echogenicity of the mass was slightly more hyperechoic than normal renal parenchyma in all 4 cases. Two cases were homogeneous and the remaining two cases were relatively homogeneous. On CT, all 8 cases showed iso-density to slightly low density compared to normal renal parenchyma and 5 cases were homogeneous but the central portion of the mass was of a slightly lower density than the peripheral portion in 3 cases. All six cases had an arterial phase scan and were heterogeneously enhanced. An irregular, lower-enhancing portion was found in the central portion of the mass. Segmental inversion of contrast enhancement was found in 5 of 6 cases that had a dynamic enhancement study. On MR T1-weighted imaging, the mass was of iso-signal intensity to normal renal parenchyma and the central portion of the mass had a slightly hypo-signal intensity than the peripheral portion. On T2-weighted imaging, 2 cases were heterogeneous; the peripheral portion was of low signal intensity and the central portion was of higher signal intensity than normal renal parenchyma. One case was relatively homogeneous and showed a slightly lower signal intensity than that of normal renal parenchyma, except for a central small portion showing high signal intensity. For 2 cases that had a dynamic study, a segmental inversion of contrast enhancement was noted. CONCLUSION: Renal oncocytoma is seen as a well-marginated solid mass lesion. On enhanced scans it is heterogeneously enhanced and segmental inversion of contrast enhancement may be seen. The possibility of oncocytoma can be suggested in cases showing these radiologic findings.
Adenoma, Oxyphilic ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms

Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) is a rare neoplasm of the kidney. Recognition of this rare entity is important with regards to a patient’s prognosis and therapeutic management.
Kidney Neoplasms ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pathology, Surgical

Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Kidney Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Rhabdoid Tumor ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the morphologic features and diagnostic criteria of various types pf renal adenomas of the kidney.

METHODSIn addition to light microscopy, electron microscopy, histochemical and immunohistochemical assays were applied. All 19 cases of adenomas were followed up.

RESULTSThree (3) cases of papillary adenoma were featured as papillary or tubulopapillary growth in patterns consisting of tumor cells with basophilic or acidophilic cytoplasm and were positive for both epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and cytokeratin (CK7). Thirteen (13) cases of oncocytoma were characterized by the diversity of the structures including to be nest, tubular and papillary in pattern; a mixture of cell types including the classic oncocytes, oncoblasts and clear cells which were negative for vimentin and CK7 but positive for EMA. Enormous large mitochondria were obtained in 4 cases of oncocytoma by electronic microscopy. Three (3) cases of metanephric adenoma consisted of closely packed, round tubules lined by small bland cells with solid, glomeruloid constructure. Branching, elongated tubules and polypoid fronds were also detected. Tumor cells were negative for EMA, negative or only focally positive for CK7. Eighteen (18) patients were alive except one oncocytoma patient died 5 years after the diagnosis convinced. All the cases reported in this article had been followed up of 3 - 5 years.

CONCLUSIONSThere are 3 kinds of renal adenomas, namely, the papillary adenoma, oncocytoma, and metanephric adenoma and each kind has its own clincopathological features. The latter two can be recognized by their distinctive morphology, and the former can only be diagnosed according to the size of the tumor as the reference. Histochemical and immohistochemical assays are helpful in differential diagnosis.

Mesoblastic nephroma is an important differential diagnosis of a renal mass occurring in the neonatal period or in early childhood. It is a rare monomorphous congenital renal neoplasm most commonly recognized during the first 3 months of life. With the widespread application of ultrasound imaging, many cases are recognized prior to birth. We report a case of mesoblastic nephroma detected by ultrasonograph at 36 weeks of intrauterine fetal life and removed after birth. It showed a well circumscribed, grayish white, solid mass measuring 4x3x2 cm. The tumor was predominantly a classic type with a focal cellular pattern. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies were done.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Kidney ; Kidney Neoplasms ; Nephroma, Mesoblastic* ; Parturition ; Ultrasonography