AIMTo study the relativity of the renocortical lipid peroxidation with renal tubules structure damage in renal injury induced by cisplatin in rats.

METHODSFemale Wistar rats were randomly divided into NS group, CDDP(I) group, CDDP(II) group and CDDP(III) group. All rats were injected via the tail vein with NS or cisplatin and NS qd in five days. The changes in content of Scr, BUN and MDA, the activity of SOD and GSH-Px of the renal cortex were measured. Alkaline phosphatase of renal tubular epithelia was stained by histochemistry and the slices of renal cortex were observed.

RESULTSThe contents of Scr and BUN of CDDP groups were significantly higher than those of NS group (P < 0.01). The content of renocortical MDA was significantly higher than that of NS group (P < 0.05). The activities of renoconical SOD and GSH-Px were lower than those of NS group (P < 0.05). The content of MDA, activities of renocortical SOD and GSH-Px with the content of Scr and BUN were significantly correlative. Alkaline phosphatase of renal tubular epithelia cells was losed largely and renal tubular epithelia cells were denaturative and necrotic partly in sections.

CONCLUSIONThe damage of renal cortex was correlative with its lipid peroxidation. The injury of renal cortex became heavier with cisplatin dose increased.

Animals ; Cisplatin ; adverse effects ; Female ; Kidney Cortex ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Kidney Tubules ; pathology ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo investigate influence of administration of Tujian decoction (Chinese herbal medicine) on protein kinase C (PKC) activity, renal function and structure in diabetic rat kidney.

METHODExperimental diabetic nephropathy model was induced by nephrectomy combined with streptozotocin (STZ) injection in sprague-dawley rat. Tujian decoction (20 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)) and Valsartan (20 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) were orally administrated respectively for 12 weeks. PKC activity was measured by [3H]phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate ([3H]PDBu) binding assay. 24 h urine protein excretion (Upro) and renal pathological changes were observed.

RESULTIn 12th week, diabetic nephrectomized rats developed proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, increased membrane PKC activity (mPKC), decreased cytosol PKC (cPKC), and increased ratio of mPKC and cPKC (M/C). Administration of Tujian decoction or Valsartan led to a reduction in proteinuria, structural injury, mPKC and M/C, and a recovery in cPKC.

CONCLUSIONTujian decoction possesses a renoprotective effect on diabetic nephrectomized rat, at least partially via the inhibition of PKC activation in renal cortex.

Animals ; Cuscuta ; chemistry ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; enzymology ; pathology ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Euonymus ; chemistry ; Kidney Cortex ; enzymology ; Kidney Glomerulus ; pathology ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Protein Kinase C ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in differential renal function (DRF), as a functional outcome, in children who underwent redo pyeloplasty for management of failed pyeloplasty and to examine the factors that affect functional outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2002 and November 2010, a total of 18 patients who underwent redo pyeloplasty for persistent ureteropelvic junction obstruction after failed pyeloplasty were enrolled in this study. We assessed perioperative factors and evaluated changes in renal cortical thickness (RCT), renal function, and hydronephrosis by use of serial ultrasound and diuretic renography. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 44.83+/-28.86 months. After redo pyeloplasty, prevention of further functional deterioration was observed in only 12 of the 18 patients. After dividing the patients according to this observation, we discovered significant differences in both change in DRF (dDRF) and change in RCT (dRCT) (difference between before and after initial pyeloplasty) between the two groups (p<0.001). Additionally, we noted a significant positive correlation between dRCT and dDRF. All patients showed improvements in hydronephrosis grade and relief of symptoms compared with before redo pyeloplasty. CONCLUSIONS: Redo pyeloplasty should be considered in cases of failed pyeloplasty to preserve renal function and obtain relief from symptoms. If patients show severe deterioration of DRF or a decrease in RCT after initial pyeloplasty, preservation of DRF in these patients after redo pyeloplasty could be difficult. Therefore, redo pyeloplasty should be performed before severe deterioration of DRF or decrease in RCT.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis/etiology/ultrasonography ; Infant ; Kidney/*physiopathology/ultrasonography ; Kidney Cortex/pathology ; Kidney Function Tests/methods ; Kidney Pelvis/*surgery/ultrasonography ; Male ; Postoperative Period ; Prognosis ; Reoperation/adverse effects/methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Failure ; Treatment Outcome ; Ureteral Obstruction/complications/pathology/*surgery ; Ureteral Obstruction/*surgery

OBJECTIVESTo explore the effects and significance of Huanshuai Recipe Oral Liquid (, HSR), a formula with supplementing qi, nourishing blood and activating blood on restructuring glomerular microvasculature and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in subtotal nephrectomized (SNX) rats.

METHODSA total of 76 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: 16 in the sham-operated group and fed with tap water 10 mL/kg per day; 20 in the model group were operated with 5/6 SNX and fed with tap water 10 mL/ kg per day; 20 SNX rats in the HSR group were treated with HSR 10 mL/kg per day; 20 SNX rats in the losartan group were treated with losartan 40 mg/kg per day. Serum creatinine (SCr) and urinary protein excretion (Upro) were examined at the 2nd, 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks of the treatment, and the remnant kidneys were harvested. Changes in histological microstructure were evaluated using light microscopy, and the expression of VEGF was detected by using ELISA.

RESULTSUpro, microvasculature injury and glomerulosclerosis were found to be alleviated in HSR and Losartan groups, respectively. The change of VEGF expression showed positive correlation with glomerular capillary area and peritubular capillary number (r=0.448, r=0.422, P<0.01), but negative correlation with that of SCr and Upro (r=-0.592, r=-0.481, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSHSR could regulate the VEGF expression, reduce the loss of microvasculature, which demonstrated similar renal protective effects to losartan in SNX rats. Examination of Chinese herbal medicine influence on VEGF signaling and restructuring renal microvasculature may elucidate the molecular mechanism of renal protection to a certain degree.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Capillaries ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Collagen Type IV ; metabolism ; Creatinine ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Extracellular Matrix ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Fibronectins ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney Cortex ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Kidney Function Tests ; Kidney Glomerulus ; blood supply ; drug effects ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Microvessels ; drug effects ; Nephrectomy ; Proteinuria ; blood ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Time Factors ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Adult ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glomerulonephritis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Glycosides ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Kidney ; drug effects ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Tablets ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expressions of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and Caspase-12 and their relationship with apoptosis in renal cortex of diabetic rats.

METHODSUninephrectomized Wistar rats were used to induce diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (STZ 65 mg/kg). After 8 weeks, the expression and distribution of GRP78, Caspase-12, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were examined by immunohistochemistry. Flow cytometry was used to detect the levels of protein of GRP78 and Caspase-12. Apoptosis was evaluated by means of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d-UDP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and Flow cytometry. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and 24-hour urine protein excretion were checked.

RESULTSCompared with those in normal control group, the numbers of apoptosis and the expression of GRP78, Caspase-12 in glomerular and tubular cells were much higher in the diabetic kidneys at 8 weeks. There was no significant difference between group A and group B.

CONCLUSIONActivation of endoplasmic reticulum stress may play an important role in the development of diabetic nephropathy.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 12 ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; complications ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; pathology ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Kidney Cortex ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo investigate the factors regarding the recovery of postoperative blood pressure of aldosterone producing adenoma (APA) patients.

METHODSSixty-eight patients with APA were recruited and their data including retinal blood vessel by Doppler sonography, urinary trace albumin, pathological changes of renal biopsy and the adrenal tissues around the adenoma were analyzed in order to determine the correlation between these data and postoperative durative hypertension.

RESULTSPostoperative durative hypertension occurred in 14 cases (41.2%) with increased resistance of unilateral or bilateral central artery of retina, in 16 cases (66.7%) with increased level of urinary trace albumin. Fifteen cases underwent renal biopsy and all of them showed different pathological alterations, 11 cases (73.3%) of which presented with postoperative durative hypertension. The pathological changes of the adrenal tissues around the adenoma is either atrophy or non-atrophy (normal or hyperplasia), 8 cases (40%) and 10 cases (22.2%) of which showed postoperative durative hypertension, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe renal pathological changes and increased resistance of retinal blood vessel are the main reasons leading to postoperative hypertension in patients with APA.

Adolescent ; Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Adrenal Glands ; pathology ; Adrenocortical Adenoma ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Blood Pressure ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism ; etiology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Hypertension ; etiology ; Kidney ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period ; Retinal Artery ; physiopathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Vascular Resistance ; physiology

Actins ; metabolism ; Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Adrenocortical Adenoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemangioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Nephrectomy ; Pelvic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of C-type natriuretic peptides (CNP) and natriuretic peptide receptor-B (NPR-B) receptor in diabetic rats renal cortex, and the regulation by Tongluo Recipe (TLR).

METHODSSixty male SD rats were divided into 3 groups: the normal control group, diabetic model group and diabetic TLR group. Each group was further divided into two subgroups of ten in each, according to 4-week or 12-week observation period. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were treated with TLR (1.0 g·kg(-1)·d(-1)) for 4 and 12 weeks, respectively. (1) The essential information was collected for comparing renal mass, serum creatinine and 24 h urine albumen on each group was calculated. (2) CNP mRNA and NPR-B mRNA were detected by realtime-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on rats renal cortex. (3) Concentration of CNP on renal cortex or serum were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (4) Pathological evaluation and NPR-B immunostaining for renal tissue were also performed.

RESULTS(1) CNP and NPR-B mRNA levels were detected in each treated or untreated group, with slight elevated in untreated diabetes rats administrated with STZ after 4-week and CNP mRNA level remarkable elevated at 39.21 times higher than normal control group after 12 weeks, but NPR-B mRNA level showed a remarkably down-regulation at 98.07% after 12 weeks. CNP mRNA of TLR-treated group was also elevated after 12-week treatment, but less than untreated group. (2) Concentrations of CNP in renal cortex were obviously increased in treated or untreated diabetes rats, within these groups the treatment of TLR was found more significantly on prompting CNP concentration. Comparing to normal group, serum concentrations of CNP were also increased in treated or untreated diabetic groups, but there was no difference between these diabetic groups. (3) Renal lesions like glomerular volume increased are observed mostly in the relative early stage after 4 weeks. Although TLR treated group had no significant difference in their glomerular volume, the degrees of injury of glomerulus were ameliorated, as well as the NPR-B immunostaining enhanced in glomerulus. Weakly positive immunostaining of NPR-B are observed in glomerulus of normal control, and negative in glomerulus of untreated diabetes rats administrated with STZ after 12 weeks, whereas TLR-treatment groups showed a little enhancement.

CONCLUSIONCNP and NPR-B showed different characteristic on renal cortex at different pathological period in diabetes rats, and TLR regulated their expression.

Animals ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; complications ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Hematuria ; complications ; genetics ; pathology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Kidney Cortex ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Kidney Glomerulus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type ; genetics ; metabolism ; Organ Size ; drug effects ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Staining and Labeling ; Streptozocin

A rare case of bilateral renal cortical necrosis (BRCN) diagnosed only by the characteristic and specific findings of a contrast-enhanced CT scan during the acute initial phase of the disease is presented in this paper. Furthermore, twenty-eight patients of BRCN in the world literatures in English after 1980 were analyzed to investigate the changes in its clinical features over the past 15 years in comparison with the reported data before 1980 from two large centers in France (F) and India (I). Obstetric causes decreased from 68% (F) and 71% (I) before 1980 to 28% after 1980, whereas nonobstetric causes increased from 32% (F) and 29% (I) to 72% after 1980. Among the nonobstetric causes of BRCN, the leading causes were sepsis in 4 out of 12 patients (F) and snake bite in 6 out of 14 patients (I) before 1980, but, in contrast, drugs in 4 out of 21 patients after 1980. As a definite diagnostic procedure for BRCN, 95 to 100% before 1980 but 86% after 1980 performed renal biopsy, of which renal biopsy while living was done in only 42% (F) and 16% (I) before 1980 and 67% after 1980. None showed renal calcification in abdominal X-ray, and only 25% (3/12) had nonspecific echo findings in renal ultrasonography, whereas the high sensitivity for BRCN was noted in renal arteriography in 100% (6/6) and contrast-enhanced CT scan in 88% (7/8). The mortality of BRCN decreased from 55% (F) and 86% (I) before 1980 to 36% after 1980. This review of BRCN, in conclusion, revealed the distinctive changes over the past 15 years in the etiology with a higher incidence of non-obstetric causes than obstetric ones, diagnostic procedures with less dependence on renal biopsy but new trials of non-invasive radioimagings including CT scan and even MRI, and a further declining mortality rate.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case Report ; Comparative Study ; Contrast Media ; Female ; Human ; Image Enhancement/methods ; Incidence ; Kidney Cortex Necrosis/*diagnosis/epidemiology/*pathology ; Male ; Middle Age ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed