No abstract available.
Kidney Calculi*

Nutrition has been widely recognized to have certain levels of influence on the risk of kidney stone formation. Thus, this case-control study was conducted to determine the association of dietary intake and lifestyles factors with kidney stone disease. Sociodemographic data, dietary intake, supplements intake, smoking and alcohol habit, medical history, physical activity and anthropometric data were obtained using interviewer-administered pre-tested questionnaires among 81 patients who had been diagnosed with kidney stone disease and 81 patients without kidney stone disease at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre. The results indicated that body mass index and hip circumference were higher among cases as compared to controls in both men and women (p < 0.05). Energy, macronutrients and micronutrients intake were higher for case subjects compared to control subjects for all significant parameters (p < 0.05). Results showed positive association of kidney stone with consumption of nuts (≥1 time/week) for men and women while consumption of eggs (1-3 times/month) and beans (1-6 times/week) showed positive association for women. Analysis of multivariate found the risk factor among women was diabetes mellitus [Adjusted OR = 27.6 (95% CI = 1.43-53.3)] (p < 0.05). Whilst, plain water intake of at least 6 glasses [Adjusted OR = 0.001 (95% CI = 0.000-0.08)] (p < 0.05) and 8 glasses per day [Adjusted OR = 0.001 (95% CI = 0.000-0.02)] (p < 0.05) reduced the risk among women. The risk factors for men were smoking habits [Adjusted OR = 16.2 (95% CI = 1.29-203)] (p < 0.05), consumption of carbonated drink 1-3 times per month [Adjusted OR = 6.25 (95% CI = 1.04-40.7)] (p < 0.05) and 1-6 times per week [Adjusted OR = 12.5 (95% CI = 1.41-111)] (p < 0.05). Unhealthy dietary and lifestyles factors increased the risk of kidney stone disease and various risk factors were found for different sexes.
Kidney Calculi

Though Extracorporeal shock wave lithotrysy (Eswl) combined with Percutaneous nephrostolithotomy (PNL) have revolutioned the treatment of kidkey stones, open surgical treatment of staghorn calcului is reasonable in certain circumstances. Of 169 kidney stones, 72 staghorn calculi (19.51 per cent) were treated by surgery. Age of patients are from 21 to 73 (29 males and 43 females). Left renal culculi: 31 and right renal calculi 41; procedures included: pyelolithotone (5); pyelolithotomy + limited nephrolithotomy (13); radial nephrolithotomy (2); Turner Warwick (5); Resnixk (25); Bivalve (3); extended nephorolithotomy 97); partial nephrectomy (3); nephrectomy (9). The most common reasons for prefering an incision were size of calculi, anatomy and modification of renal parenchyma
Kidney ; Kidney Calculi ; therapeutics

Since Chaussy, Schmiedt et al. began using ESWL on the renal calculi in 1980, the treatment of stone disease has been revolutionized. Now, an experimental study for the systematic investigation of ESWL is needed. This report presents an experimental study in vitro utilizing piezoelectric ESWL(EDAP LT-01 and "Die Stone" for the purposes of the effects of varying frequencies, stone burdens and powers. The following results were obtained : 1. In the same sized stones with constant power of 100%, the effects of increasing frequency from 2.5 to 40 times/sec showed that mean storage was increased despite of decreases duration for complete fragmentation of the stone less than 3mm in diameter, therefore the more lowering frequency, the more increasing effectiveness of the stone fragmentation. 2. When the stone burden was increased from 1cm(3) to 2cm(3) with constant power of 100% storage and duration for complete fragmentation of the stone were markedly increased about 8.10 and 8.06 times respectively. 3. In 1cm3 of the stone burden with constant frequency of 10 times/sec, when power was increased, mean storage and duration were decreased for complete fragmentation of the stone. 4. Fragmentation of the stone with lower frequency was fractured into small pieces relatively, but with higher frequency, fractured into large pieces initially, thereafter fractured into small pieces. 5. More gas bubbles were produced on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the stone with higher frequency than lower frequency.
Kidney Calculi ; Shock* ; Urinary Calculi

During 5 years (1994-1998), 28 patients with renal and ureteral stones in solitary kidney were operated at the surgical department of §µ N½ng hospital, including congenital solitary kidney: 3 patients (10.7%). Acquired solitary kidney: 1 patient (3.5%). Functional solitary kidney: 24 patients (85.7%). Among them: renal stone: 27 patients (96.4%), Staghorn stone: 14 patients (50%). Pyelotomy and nephrostomy account for 68% of cases, associated with positive drainage of pelvis giving favourable results: No need for blood transfusion: 24 patients (86%). Residual stones: 1 patient (3.5%). Post-operative bleeding: 2 patients (7.0%). Short-term follow up: Good (78.6%), medium (14.0%), Bad (7.0%)
Kidney Calculi ; Ureteral Calculi ; surgery

OBJECTIVES

To describe the demographics of patients undergoing supine PCNL (s-PCNL) and prone PCNL (p-PCNL) at Veterans Memorial Medical Center (VMMC) and to compare different data collected between the two approaches.

Retrospective data collection was done through chart review of patients who underwent supine and prone PCNL at VMMC from 2018 to 2022. Information collected includes patient demographics, clinical profile, stone burden and laterality, surgical technique, hospital days, complications and management.

A total of 176 cases, 132 s-PCNL and 44 p-PCNL, were included. Demographic data show no statistical difference as to age and sex. There is no statistical difference in the stone burden, stone density, and Guy’s stone scores between the two groups. There was no statistical difference in the mean operative time and stone free rates between the two groups. Mean hospital stay was 6.11 days for s-PCNL and 6.76 for p-PCNL, with significant statistical difference in favor of s-PCNL. Complication rates were 15.2% for supine PCNL and 13.6% for prone PCNL. There was no statistical significant difference in Clavien-Dindo complications between the two groups. There was no mortality reported for both groups.

There is an observed increasing trend in the number of supine PCNL versus prone PCNL from 2018 to 2022. Supine PCNL is as effective and safe as prone PCNL. Supine PCNL appears to be more beneficial in terms of hospital stay in days. However, one limitation of the study its being retrospective and collated data which is the cause of the discrepancy in sample population size between the two groups.

Horseshoe kidney is a nonfatal anomaly of renal development characterized by fusion of one poles of both kidneys. Most clinical problems are caused by infection, hydronephrosis and renal calculi. Herein, we report a case of horseshoe kidney with staghorn calculi and hydronephrosis in a 66 year-old-woman. The patient was managed by division of the isthmus and left nephrectomy with a good result.
Calculi* ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis* ; Kidney Calculi ; Kidney* ; Nephrectomy

There were 20 patients (22 kidneys) with staghorn calculi evaluated clinically (Clinical presentation, Complications, Management) and kidneys were studied on pathologic basis. Only 15 percent of the patients could be defined as having a silent stone calculus. Clinical complication occurred in 50 percent of the patients. On 7 kidneys submitted for a pathoanatomic study (nephrectomy) hydropy0nephrosis was found in 28.6 percent, end stage pyelonephritic kidney in 28.6 percent, end stage hydronephOsis 14.2 percent, severe pyelonephritis 28.6 percent. The kidney was considered to be relatively undamaged in 22.7 percent, of the cases. Complete removal of the calculus and appropriate medical adjunctive therapy should be done early in the course of the disease in an attempt to prevent complications and renal deterioration. The results of treatment are discussed and compared to those obtained in a group of patients who initially were managed conservatively.
Calculi* ; Humans ; Kidney* ; Pyelonephritis

One patient with bilateral staghorn calculi was managed by partial nephrectomy of lower pole in one kidney and nephrolithotomy combined with partial nephrectomy in the other kidney.
Calculi* ; Humans ; Kidney ; Nephrectomy

73 cases of renal calculi intrasinus were surgically operated by Resnick.M.I (1981) in Urology Department of Hospital N¬¬0 103. Mean renal thick of parenchyma 1.020.28 cm, urinary infection preoperatively 51.16%. 18 cases have catastrophes (24.66%), intraoperative and postoperative complications included 9 cases have catastrophes intraoperatively (12.33%): bleeding (1 case), tearing of the renal venous (2 cases), neck of the calix tear (1 case), tearing of peritoneum (1 case). And 9 cases had postoperative complications (12.33%): hemorrhage secondary (3 cases), urinary fistula (2 cases), urinary infection (4 cases)
Kidney Calculi ; Surgery