No abstract available.
Hypertension ; Kidney ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

PURPOSE: We observed the effect of three year-administration of recombinant human growth hormone(rhGH) on the growth in the children with chronic renal failure(CRF). METHODS: Five prepubertal children(three boys and two girls) with CRF, who had been managed by conservative methods, were given rhGH(1 U/kg/week) for three years. Growth parameters, such as growth velocity, height standard deviation score(SDS), and predicted final adult height, obtained by TW, BP, and RWT methods, were monitored during rhGH treatment periods. RESULTS: 1) The GV increased significantly with rhGH therapy from 3.8+/-1.2cm/year to 8.4+/-1.3cm/year(1st year), 7.1+/-3.8cm/year(2nd year), and 6.3+/-0.9cm/year(3rd year) and GV tended to decrease over years with rhGH therapy(Fig. 1, p<0.05). 2) The height SDS increased signficantly with rhGH from -3.2+/-1.3 to -2.6+/-1.1(1st year), -2.2+/-1.2(2nd year) and -2.2+/-1.5(3rd year) and height SDS also tended to decrease over years with rhGH therapy(Fig. 2, p=0.05). 3) FAHs, obtained by TW and BP methods, seemed to increase at 1st and 2nd year of rhGH therapy(p=0.05, and p<0.05, respectively), but did not show any significant increase at 3rd year of therapy, compared to those of pretreatment. FAH, obtained by RWT method, did not show any significant change with rhGH therapy. 4) There was no significant correlation between the GV and chronological or bone age at the start of rhGH therapy, but there was a significant correlation between the chronological age and the height SDS at 2nd year(p<0.05, r=-0.93) and at 3rd year (p<0.05, r=-0.97) of rhGH therapy(Fig. 4), but there was no relationship between the height SDS and bone age. 5) There had been no noticeable side effect, especially deterioration of renal function. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term administration of rhGH in the children with CRF can result in the improvement of growth parameters, such as growth velocity, height SDS, and predicted final adult height, but these parameters seems to be weakened over years with rhGH therapy, which could be overcome by the increase of rhGH dose. It seems to be better to start rhGH treatment at an early stage of CRF and early chronological age to achieve better growth.
Adult ; Child* ; Human Growth Hormone* ; Humans* ; Kidney Failure, Chronic*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Human Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic*

No abstract available.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins* ; Kidney Failure, Chronic*

Kidney ; growth & development ; injuries ; Regeneration ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Wound Healing

Fibroblast Growth Factors ; Humans ; Kidney ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is a critical angiogenic factor which is mainly secreted from podocytes and epithelial cells in kidney and plays an important role in renal pathophysiology. In recent years, functions of different isoforms of VEGF-A and the new secretion approach via extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified. Thus, further understanding are needed for the role of VEGF-A and its isoforms in renal injury and repair. In this review, we summarized the expression, secretion and regulation of VEGF-A, its biological function, and the role of different isoforms of VEGF-A in the development of different renal diseases. Meanwhile, the research progress of VEGF-A as diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for renal diseases were discussed.
Humans ; Kidney/metabolism* ; Kidney Diseases ; Protein Isoforms/metabolism* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/physiology*

Normal growth and development is of prime concern during childhood. The treatment of children with growth hormone deficiency has been revolutionized by growth hormone therapy. An improved height outcome with a final height within the target height range has been achieved. However, close follow-up with regular clinical and laboratory monitoring is essential for achieving the desirable height outcome. The theoretical unlimited supply of growth hormone has led to its wide spread use in a variety of disorders other than a growth hormone deficiency. Initially used in children with Turner syndrome, growth hormone is now used to treat chronic renal failure, an idiopathic short stature and intrauterine growth restrictions in addition to a wide array of newly emerging indications. This review summarizes the basics for a proper growth assessment, the differentiation of normal and abnormal growth causes of a short stature, and the indications for growth hormone treatment.
Child ; Growth and Development ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Turner Syndrome

The most significant direct role of estrogen in vivo is its ability to elicit receptor-mediated cellular proliferation in mammalian target tissues. However, the mechanism by which exogenously added estrogen causes the neoplastic transformation of renal cortical cells is yet to be uncovered. The present study was designed to evaluate interaction of 17beta-estradiol (E2) with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on proliferation and Pi uptake in primary cultured rabbit renal proximal tubular cells in phenol red-free, hormonally defined-medium. (3H)-thymidine incorporation increased markedly by about 133% and 141% more in the presence of 10-9 and 10-6 M E2, respectively, than that of control. Cell count was 162% and 143% greater in the presence of 10-9 and 10-6 M E2, respectively, compared with control. Among all time points examined, there was an increase in (3H)-thymidine incorporation in the presence of 10-9 M E2 at day 9 or 13, respectively. However, E2 (10-9 M) significantly drove up cell count to 160% of that of control at day 13, while it had a slight but statistically insignificant effect at day 9. E2-induced stimulation of (3H)-thymidine incorporation was completely reversed by E2 antagonists (progesterone or tamoxifen). E2 (10-9 M) or EGF (10-8 M) significantly stimulated (3H)-thymidine incorporation by 144% and 154% of control. E2 plus EGF was synergistic on (3H)-thymidine incorporation (204% of control), while E2 plus IGF-I showed a slight but no significant synergistic effect. Cell number also displayed similar pattern. E2 (10-9 M) significantly stimulated Pi uptake to 134% of control. E2-induced stimulation of Pi uptake was partially reversed by E2 antagonists. EGF or IGF-I (10-8 M) significantly also increased Pi uptake to 132% or 129% of control. E2 plus EGF had synergistic effect on Pi uptake, while E2 plus IGF-I did not. In conclusion, E2 may act not only directly interaction with its receptors but also indirectly as a modulator of EGF in proliferation and Pi uptake of primary cultured rabbit renal proximal tubular cells.
Cell Count ; Cell Proliferation ; Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Estrogens ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I* ; Kidney ; Phenol

Since the advent of growth hormone(GH), children with a wide variety of growth disorders have received GH treatment. In GH deficiency(GHD), Turner syndrome, chronic renal failure, children born small for gestational age, Prader-Willi syndrome, and idiopathic short stature, the therapeutic effects and safety profile of GH are reviewed. GH therapy has been clearly shown to improve height velocity and final adult height in a variety of pediatric conditions in which growth is compromised irrespective of GHD. Early initiation and individualization of GH treatment has the potential to normalize childhood growth. The supra-physiological doses of GH have been shown to increase height velocity during childhood and final height in non-GHD conditions. Adverse events during GH therapy are uncommon and often not drug related. However continued surveillance into adult life is crucial, especially in children receiving supra-physiological doses or whose underlying condition increases their risk of adverse effects.
Adult ; Child* ; Gestational Age ; Growth Disorders ; Growth Hormone* ; Human Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Prader-Willi Syndrome ; Turner Syndrome