With the rapid development of my country's hemodialysis industry, the application of hemodialysis machines has become more and more extensive, but at the same time, the quality control technology of hemodialysis machines is not perfect. Especially for a wide range of leachable substances in dialyzers, there are few studies and detection methods. This study first briefly describes the development of hemodialyzers, and then expounds the common types of leachables, extraction methods, and chromatography and mass spectrometry conditions. It is summarized that the research plan of leachable substances is to determine the type first, then formulate the extraction plan, and then establish the detection method. Finally, we look forward to the research prospects of hemodialyzer leachables, and point out that with the deepening and extensive development of research, it can further promote the healthy development of the hemodialyzer industry.
Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy* ; Kidneys, Artificial ; Renal Dialysis

Hemodialysis using Kiil type artificial kidney was performed on two cases of acute renal failure and a case of chronic renal failure and the following results were obtained: 1. A case of acute renal failure recovered from her deteriorated renal function following four consecutive hemodialyses and another following a single hemodialysis of six hours. 2. A case of chronic renal failure is now stabilized clinically and maintained on ambulatory intermittent long-term hemodialysis.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Kidneys, Artificial* ; Renal Dialysis* ; Renal Insufficiency*

While the artificial kidney bears little resemblance to the human kidney, it does have an important similarity in function. It is designed and constructed to remove nitrogenous waste, to restore chemical balance and to reduce body water in case of the edematous by ultrafiltration from the patient in a comparatively short space of time. The author treated 16 cases of renal failure caused by various origin in the Artificial Kidney Team of the University of Minnesota Hospital from October 1959 to March 1960, and 19 dialyses were performed on 9 patients by using the Kolff Disposable Twin Coil Kidney and conservativetreatment only on 7 patients.The outcomes of treatment were summarized as follows: Dialysed Group Conservative Treatment Group TotalAlive 5 cases (55%) 6 cases (86%) 11 cases (69%)Dead 1 cases (14%) 1 case (14%) 5 cases (31%)Total 9 cases 7 cases 16 cases.
Body Water ; Dialysis ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidneys, Artificial* ; Minnesota ; Nitrogen ; Renal Insufficiency ; Ultrafiltration

Maintenance hemodialysis is a mainstay of the renal replacement therapy for patients with end stage renal disease. The development of modern hemodialysis is principally owing to the invention of artificial kidney machine and the establishment of a stable and practical dialysis access. The developmental history of vascular access surgery will be discussed with the heroic works of the pioneers.
Dialysis ; Humans ; Inventions ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Kidneys, Artificial ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Replacement Therapy

Since 1981, the Korean Society of Nephrology began annual report on renal replacement therapy in Korea. The annual number of new patients receiving dialysis treatment in 1986 increased to 957 patients (23.3 per million population) from 825 patients (20.4 per million population) in 1985. And the total number of patients on replacement therapy increased from 1,508 patients (37.3 per million population) to 2,534 patients (61.7 per million population). 1,340 patients (32.6 per million population) of these patients were on hemodialysis, 573 patients (13.9 per million population) on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and 621 patients (15.1 per million population) on functioning renal graft as of December 31, 1986. The common causes of renal failure of new patients were chronic glomerulonephritis (41.6%) followed by diabetic nephropathy (12.6%), nypertensive nephrosclerosis (7.8%), chronic pyelonephritis (2.5%) and others. The annual mortality rate decreased from 21.9% in 1981 to 13.5 in 1986. The common causes of death in patients on dialysis therapy were cardiac (32.8%), vascular (14.7%), infective (14.7%) and social problems (11.2%) in the order of frequency. Recently, the number of patients requiring dialysis is rapidly increasing due to expanded medical insurance support for dialysis and improved economic status of our country. Therefore, it is necessary to draw up counterplan for a rapid growth of the number of new patients.
Hepatitis B/etiology ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/epidemiology/*therapy ; *Kidney Transplantation ; *Kidneys, Artificial/adverse effects ; Korea ; Multicenter Studies as Topic

This report summarizes the authors' experiences in 119 dialysis on 12 patients of chronic renal failure treated at Sacred Heart Hospital from Jan. 1, 1973 through May 14, 1974 using Kill type artificial kidney. The average effect of 119 hemodialysis in correcting abnormal blood levels of B.U.N., creatinine, potassium and changes of body weight are as follows; Blood urea nitrogen 115.2mg% -> 70.6mg%, Serum creatinine 9.7 mg% -> 7.5mg% Serum potassium 5.2 mEq/L -> 3.8mEq/L, Body weight 55.1kg -> 52.9kg
Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Body Weight ; Creatinine ; Dialysis ; Heart ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Kidneys, Artificial* ; Potassium ; Renal Dialysis*

This report summarizes the authors' experiences in 119 dialysis on 12 patients of chronic renal failure treated at Sacred Heart Hospital from Jan. 1, 1973 through May 14, 1974 using Kill type artificial kidney. The average effect of 119 hemodialysis in correcting abnormal blood levels of B.U.N., creatinine, potassium and changes of body weight are as follows; Blood urea nitrogen 115.2mg% -> 70.6mg%, Serum creatinine 9.7 mg% -> 7.5mg% Serum potassium 5.2 mEq/L -> 3.8mEq/L, Body weight 55.1kg -> 52.9kg
Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Body Weight ; Creatinine ; Dialysis ; Heart ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Kidneys, Artificial* ; Potassium ; Renal Dialysis*

The purpose of this study was to evaluate diet-related Quality of Life (QOL) and to analyze the relationship among diet-related QOL, dietary regimen practice, health-related QOL, and gastrointestinal symptoms in hemodialysis patients. Subjects were recruited from an artificial kidney center in Seoul. The self-report questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic characteristics, diet-related QOL, compliance with dietary regimen practice, health-related QOL, and gastrointestinal symptoms was distributed. Diet-related QOL includes a 'Quality of Life and Related to Dietary Change Questionnaire', 'Satisfaction Survey', and 'Dietary Impact Survey'. According to their responses, participants had experienced the greatest difficulty with 'Dietary Impact'. In particular, the mean score for general health was low. Association of dietary regimen practice showed a positive association with 'Cost' and 'Self-care' score. In addition, diet-related QOL showed positive correlation with health-related QOL, particularly in 'taste'. Scores for 'Taste', 'Convenience', and 'Dietary Impact' were lower for subjects with constipation compared to those of subjects without constipation. Scores for 'Taste' and 'Dietary Impact' were lower in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome compared to those of subjects without the syndrome (p < 0.05). Diet-related QOL showed a positive association with health-related QOL (p < 0.05), whereas it showed a negative association with constipation (p < 0.01). In conclusion, hemodialysis patients in Korea suffer from burden of dietary regimen practice and most scores for diet-related QOL and health-related QOL from patients with gastrointestinal symptoms were low. Therefore, appropriate nutrition education considering gastrointestinal symptoms is necessary for improvement of patients' QOL during dietary regimen practice.
Compliance ; Constipation ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Kidneys, Artificial ; Korea ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Renal Dialysis

The number of patients is increasing and their mean age is also increasing. Proper dietary adjustments are necessary to prevent protein-calorie malnutrition or complications but it is difficult for dialysis patients to adapt to diet therapy due to stress or anorexia. Education does not consider the individual characteristics, knowledge, dietary inhabit education demands, and initial education. The purpose of this study was to identify dialysis patient's nutrition knowledge and, dietary practice and compare those with nutrition education or counseling demands for providing basic data of desirable nutrition management. The data were collected by a survey consisting of the general characteristics, disease related characteristics, nutrition education and counsel characteristics, level of nutrition knowledge, diet therapy, and nutrition education and counsel demands from the 28th March to 22th July 2017. The total number of subjects were 33 patients among dialysis patients at two tertiary medical institutions and an artificial kidney room at a private hospital in Incheon·Gyeonggi. The data collected were analyzed statistically using the SPSS program 23.0, followed by further analyses using frequency analysis, one-way ANOVA, cross analysis, and correlation analysis. The results of the dialysis patients showed that younger (P < 0.05), female (P < 0.05), abnormal high school diploma (P < 0.001) groups had high nutrition scores. In addition, dietary practice and nutrition education and counsel demands showed a positive correlation (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). In particular, females were higher than males in nutrition knowledge, dietary practice, nutrition education, and counseling demand scores.
Anorexia ; Counseling ; Dialysis ; Diet Therapy ; Diet ; Education ; Female ; Hospitals, Private ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Kidneys, Artificial ; Male ; Protein-Energy Malnutrition

Tissue engineering is a discipline involving both materials science, engineering and life science. It has found successful application in Bioartificial renal tubule assist device RAD which is still under development. Experiments have proved that RAD can serve as renal tubule to perform its transport, metabolic and endocrine functions in patients with acute or chronic renal failure.
Animals ; Bioartificial Organs ; Cell Transplantation ; Cells, Cultured ; Kidney Tubules ; cytology ; Kidneys, Artificial ; Renal Insufficiency ; therapy ; Renal Replacement Therapy ; instrumentation ; Swine ; Tissue Engineering ; methods