PURPOSE: The Purposes of this study are to identify the circulating etiologic viruses of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children and to understand the relation with clinical diagnosis. METHODS: We obtained a total of 418 nasopharyngeal aspirates from children admitted for their acute lower respiratory tract infections at three tertiary hospitals in Seoul from September 2008 to March 2009. We performed multiplex RT-PCR to identify 14 etiologic viruses and analyzed their emerging patterns and clinical features. RESULTS: Average age of patients was 16.4 months old and the ratio of male to female was 1.36. Viruses were detected in 56.2% of a total of 418 samples. Respiratory syncytial virus (35%) was the most frequently detected and followed by human rhinovirus (22%), human bocavirus, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus, influenza virus and human coronavirus. Co-infection reached 21.9% of positive patients. CONCLUSION: When we manage the patients with acute lower respiratory infectious diseases, we should remind the role of various viral pathogens, which might be circulating by seasons and by local areas.
Adenoviruses, Human ; Child ; Coinfection ; Communicable Diseases ; Coronavirus ; Female ; Human bocavirus ; Humans ; Male ; Metapneumovirus ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Paramyxoviridae Infections ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Respiratory System ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Rhinovirus ; Seasons ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Viruses

Autogenous costal cartilage graft has been commonly used for reconstruction of auricular deformity. However, the risk of complication and discomfort at the donor site, as well as distortion of the graft due to morphological change in the cartilage have been serious drawbacks to this procedure. Previous studies examining the chondrogenic potential of perichondrium have suggested that perichondrium may be used as graft for cartilage reconstruction. When a perichondrial flap or a free perichondrium was used as graft, new cartilage formed appositional to the grafted perichondrium. However, the neocartilage was often irregular in shape and varied considerably in quantity. In this study, the feasibility of controlling the shape and the mass of neocartilage was investigated using coral, a porous biomaterial, as a template. A coral a template was wrapped with perichondrial flap from the ears of New Zealand white rabbits and placed into a subcutaneous pocket in the rabbits and placed into a subcutaneous pocket in the rabbit's back by incision. A total of 12 animals were used. Formation of new cartilage was later evaluated by gross and histological examination of the perichondrial flap and the coral template. New cartilage was formed in 11 animals. Immature chondrocytes were visible by 3 weeks after the surgery, and by 8 weeks the immature chondrocytes had formed a cartilage. New cartilage was formed only on the surface of the coral template. These results indicated that the shape and the mass of new cartilage may be controlled by using coral template. Therefore, the desired shape of cartilage may be achieved using a coral template of corresponding shape, and this may help in correcting subtle auricular contour defect and in correcting other structural defects that also require new cartilage formation.
Animals ; Anthozoa* ; Cartilage ; Chondrocytes ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Ear ; Humans ; Rabbits ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Disorders of Excessive Somnolence* ; Pituitary Neoplasms*

A condition of underestimation of sleep is classified as paradoxical insomnia or sleep state misperception. However, overestimation of sleep, so called positive sleep state misperception has not been clearly described. Here we report a middle-aged woman with positive sleep state misperception who presented excessive sleepiness mimicking hypersomnia.
Disorders of Excessive Somnolence* ; Female ; Humans ; Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic* ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the factors associated with symptoms from job stress among Korean dental laboratory technicians. METHODS: We collected the data of 786 technicians for life-style, job stressor, social support, self-esteem, personality, and various dimension of stress symptoms included roomatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, and hostility by self-administerd questionnaire. Global severity index of dental technician (GSID) was calculated by total sum of sub-dimension. RESULTS: We used 80 percentile as a cut-off point, and got the 81.5 % of sensitivity, 86.1 % of specificity by receiver operating characteristic curve. The odds ratios of various factors in high group of GSID compared with low group were 1,49(95 % Cl 1.00-2.00) for smoker, 1,53 (1.06-2.21) for unhealthy group, 6,69 (4.74-9.44) for work overload, 8.34(5.82-11.97) for work demand, 9.89 (6.76-74.94) for work process, 8.27 (5.80-11,79) for work environment, 5.82 (4.04-8.39) for interpersonal relationship, 8.34 (5.82-11.97) for occupational conflict, 5.70 (4.04-8.04) for labor remuneration, 7.58 (5.37-10.71) for role conflict, but 0.39 (0.27-0.57) for social support, 0.41 (0.29-0.60) for self-esteem. By multiple logistic regression, factors were significantly associated with GSID were age, working area, role overload, work demand, work procedure, physical environment, occupational conflict, role conflict, social support, personality traits. CONCLUSIONS: Factors associated with symptoms from stress were role overload, work demand, work procedure, occupational conflict, interpersonal relationship, labor remuneration and role conflict in Korean dental laboratory technicians. It is suggested that health promotion program to reduce job stress and to enforce social support and self-esteem should be developed.
Anxiety ; Dental Technicians ; Depression ; Health Promotion ; Hostility ; Humans ; Laboratories, Dental* ; Logistic Models ; Odds Ratio ; Questionnaires ; Remuneration ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a common condition observed in clinical practice, is a significant public health concern; however, several patients with OSA remain underdiagnosed and untreated. OSA is not merely anatomically driven but is a heterogeneous disorder attributable to complex pathophysiology. Therefore, anatomically driven therapy such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), dental device use, or upper airway surgery offers limited benefit because these approaches do not consider the various clinical and other pathophysiological contributors to OSA. Poor long-term adherence is a limitation of CPAP, the most effective modality recommended as first-line therapy in patients with OSA. Recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology and heterogeneity of OSA have led to the identification of three OSA phenotypes based on pathophysiological traits, polysomnographic traits, and clinical/symptombased characteristics. In this review, we summarize recent progress and research trends in the phenotypic approach to OSA.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are prevalent and commonly co-occur as overlap syndrome. Patients with an overlap syndrome have a worse prognosis than those with COPD or OSA alone. Here we report a middle-aged man with overlap syndrome who had multiple comorbidities, managed with continuous positive airway pressure and oxygen therapy.
Comorbidity ; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive

Effective and systematic sanitation management programs are necessary to prevent foodborne disease outbreaks in school foodservice operations. The purpose of this study was to identify the elements to improve in order to ensure the safety of school food service by evaluating sanitation management practices implemented under HACCP-based programs. The survey was designed to assess the level of hygiene practices of school food service by using an inspection checklist of food hygiene and safety. Fifty-four school foodservice establishments considered as poor sanitation practice groups from two year inspections by Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education were surveyed from September to December in 2005. Inspection checklists consisted of seven categories with 50 checkpoints; facilities and equipment management, personal hygiene, ingredient control, process control, environmental sanitation management, HACCP system and safety management. Surveyed schools scored 68.0+/-12.42 points out of 100 on average. The average score (% of compliance) of each field was 10.7/20 (53.3%) for facilities and equipment management, 7.4/11 (67.2%) for personal hygiene, 7.4/11 (74.1%) for ingredient control, 22.4/32 (69.8%) for process control, 8.9/12 (73.8%) for environmental sanitation management, 4.2/7 (59.7%) for HACCP systems management, and 7.2/8 (89.7%) for safety management, respectively. The field to be improved first was the sanitation control of facilities and equipment. The elements to improve this category were unprofessional consultation for kitchen layout, improper compartment of the kitchen area, lacks of pest control, inadequate water supply, poor ventilation system, and insufficient hand-washing facilities. To elevate the overall performance level of sanitation management, prerequisite programs prior to HACCP plan implementation should be stressed on the school officials, specifically principals, for the integration of the system.
Checklist ; Disease Outbreaks ; Education ; Food Safety* ; Food Services* ; Foodborne Diseases ; Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Pest Control ; Safety Management ; Sanitation ; Seoul* ; Ventilation ; Water Supply

No Abstract available.
Ankle* ; Sarcoidosis* ; Tenosynovitis*