Increased melanin pigmentation following ultraviolet irradiat.ion is due to increasing tyrosinase activity and multiplicatian of functioning melanocytes. After UV-irradiation, the size of melanocytes increases, and melanocyte dendrites elongatc, and branch. In this experiment, we induced the activation of melanocyts in the epidermis of C57BL black mice by ultraviolet-B(UVB) irradiation and observcd ihe effect of azelaic acid and retinoic acid on the UVB activated epidermal melanocytes. Sixty C57BL black mice were irradiated by UVB 100mJ/cm daily for 10 days, and then azeiaic acid and retinoic acid were topically applied daily for 7 weeks. For the estimation of morphologic change of epidermal melanocytes, light microscopic observation with split DOPA stain was performed at the end of the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th week of topical application. The results are summerized as follows : 1. The number, size and circumference of DOPA-positive epidermal melanocytes were significantly decreased in 20% azelaic acid applied group and 30% azelaic acid and 0.05% retinoic acid applied group. 2. In 20% azelaic;i.cid and 0.05% retinoic acid applied group, the number, size and circumference of DOPA-positive epidermal melanocytes were nore significantly decreased than in 20% azelaic acid applied group. In summary, the present study suggets that azelaic acid act as a depigmenting agent on epidermal melanocyte; and such depigmenting effect of azelaic acid was increased by addition of retinoic acid.
Animals ; Dendrites ; Dihydroxyphenylalanine ; Epidermis ; Melanins ; Melanocytes* ; Mice* ; Monophenol Monooxygenase ; Pigmentation ; Tretinoin*

No abstract available.
Nipples* ; Poroma*

We report a case of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis in a 42-year-old woman who had atypical clinical findings with moderately pruritic erythematous follicular papules and pustules on the face and neck. Histopathologically miny eosinophils and neutrophils infiltrated around the follicles, within the follicles and around tbe vessels. The follicular walls showed spongiosis. The differential count of eosinophils in seram was 1.9%. The patient responded well to systemic steroid and dapsone.
Adult ; Dapsone ; Eosinophils* ; Female ; Folliculitis* ; Humans ; Neck ; Neutrophils

A 31-year-old female patient has had a translucent cystic papule on the genitalia since 2 years ago. The diagnosis was confirmed by clinical and histopathological findings. This is the rare case of apocrine hidrocystoma occring in the fernale genitalia in the literature.
Adult ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Female* ; Genitalia ; Genitalia, Female* ; Hidrocystoma* ; Humans

Tricilemmoma is a benign, solitary tumor that may be clinically misdiagnosed as basal cell carcinoma or verruca. It affects frequently the face of elderly rnen. We present herein a case of trichilemrnoma in a 70-year-old Korean wornan who had a slowly growing tumor on the scalp for 50 years. The histopathologic findings revealed lobular acanthosis of glycogeri rich clear cells and palisade of columnar cells resting on prominent basement membrane.
Aged ; Basement Membrane ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Humans ; Scalp* ; Warts

The pretent study was performed to study the epiderrnal changes of ultraviolet irradiation and PUVA treatment in the black mice. The following results were obtained: 1) The histologic changes of the epidermis, number of DOPA positive melanocytes and ultrastructural changes of keratinocytes due to UVB and PUVA were rnore prominent than those of UVA irradiation. 2) The histological changes after 8-MOP photosensitization closely mirnic those of UVR irradiation, and constant, finding was hyperkeratosis. 3) Early histological change after UVL irradiation & IUVA treatment was appearance of dytkeratotic cells. 4) Pro]onged exposure to UVB & PUVA resulted in transient epidermal hyperplasia, and epidermal atrophy occurred 3 weeks after PUVA treatment. 5) Early electron microscopic changes was perinuclear edema, juxtanuclear vacuoles and clumping of tonofilament.
Animals ; Atrophy ; Dihydroxyphenylalanine ; Edema ; Epidermis ; Hyperplasia ; Intermediate Filaments ; Keratinocytes ; Melanocytes ; Methoxsalen ; Mice* ; Photosensitivity Disorders ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Vacuoles

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze the questions in the shoulder and elbow section of the Korean Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (KOITE) and compare them with those of the US Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (US OITE). METHODS: Twenty-nine questions in the shoulder and elbow section of the KOITE from 2010 to 2014 were analyzed and compared with those of the US OITE (80 questions) by literature review. A thorough analysis of the contents was performed after categorizing as topics, diagnostic tools, treatment modalities, taxonomic classification, and references. RESULTS: The shoulder and elbow section of the KOITE was 5.8% weight which was similar to the US OITE (5.9%). The most commonly appearing topic was anterior labral injury (17.2%) on the KOITE compared to instability and arthritis (21.3%, each) on the US OITE. Magnetic resonance imaging was most frequently appeared imaging modality on the KOITE (41.0%) compared to the radiograph on the US OITE (43.0%). The Latarjet procedure was the most commonly asked treatment modality (22.2%) on the KOITE, whereas arthroplasty (33.3%) on the US OITE. The KOITE showed an even taxonomic classification distribution compared to the US OITE. Campbell's operative orthopaedics covered 96.6% questions as a reference on the KOITE compared to the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume on the US OITE, which covered 45.0%. CONCLUSIONS: This specific analysis shows us current trends of the shoulder and elbow section of the KOITE and it might be developed for use in the educational curricula for the trainee.
Arthritis ; Arthroplasty ; Classification ; Curriculum ; Elbow* ; Joints ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Orthopedics* ; Shoulder*

BACKGROUND: Ciclopirox 8% nail lacquer is a new topical antifungal agent which is character ized by excellent penetration into the nail plate to the infected koratin and remains there for a prolonged period. We per formed a st,udy to assess the therapeutic efficacy and safety of ciclopirox 8% nail lacquer in the treatment of onychomycoses. METHODS: We used 20 satients with onychomycoses, which was confirmed by KOH ancl fungus culture. The ciclopirox nail lacquer was applied once daily for 1 month, and followed by two times weekly for the next 5 months. The clinical observat.ion was perforrned every month for any clinical improvement and side-dffects. The involved percent of a target nail was measured by using a adhesive tape at.ached to the selected nail plate. All involved nails(n=68) were also evaluated by a severity score(sever>50%. moderate 25-50%, mild<25%). RESULTS: Seventeen patients were finally assessed because of the deletion of 3 patients througl loss of contact. The involved percent of target nail was significantly decreased from 57.4% at baseline to 27.9% througli the 6 month-treatment(p<0.01, ANOVA). The total reduced precent of target nail involvement at the end of the treatment was 52+22% on average. The precent of severly involved nail(>50%) in all 68 involved nails was also decreased from 56% at baseline to 7% by the end of the treatment The mycologieal cure rate was 82.4% by the end of the treatment. The overall efficaor assessed by the physician and patients was improvement by 82.4% Tolerability was excellent or good in all patients, but cosmetic acceptance was good or excellen by 53%. Only one patient complained of a prickling sensation, but no systemic adverse effect were found. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that ciclopirox 8% nail lacquer may be safe and effective ir the treatment of onychomvcoses.
Adhesives ; Character ; Fungi ; Humans ; Lacquer* ; Onychomycosis* ; Sensation

The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of sulfhydryl compounds, cysteine and glutathione, on the size of melanosomes and the ratio of melanosormai stages of epidermal melanocytes in UV-irradiated black mice. The results were as follows; 1. Both of cysteine and glutathione showed significant diminution in the short axis of melanosomes and the percentage of stage 4 melanosomes of epidermal melanocytes in C57BL black mice skin. 2. The length of short axis of melanosomes in glutathione-treated group is smaller than those in cysteine-treated group at the end of 3rd week of intraperitoneal injection. The percentage of stage IV melanosomes significantly decreased in glutathione-treated group and cysteine-treated group at the end of 3rd week and 5th week respectively. 3. In glutathione-treated group, the short axis of melanosomes and the percentage of stage 4 melanosomes both decreased in proportional to the period of intraperitoneal in]ection.
Animals ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Cysteine ; Glutathione ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Melanocytes* ; Melanosomes ; Mice* ; Skin ; Sulfhydryl Compounds*

A rostro-caudal topography of the oculomotor nerve fascicles is relatively well known in animal but not in human. We experienced two cases of midbrain infarctions presenting with isolated oculomotor nerve palsies. The MRI of the patient who had monocular elevation palsy with ptosis revealed a lesion in the middle to lower midbrain, whereas that of the other who had monocular depression and adduction palsy with pupillary mydriasis showed a discrete lesion in the upper to middle midbrain. We present the rostro-caudal arrangement of the oculomotor fascicles within midbrain based on MRI findings.
Animals ; Depression ; Humans ; Infarction* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mesencephalon* ; Mydriasis ; Oculomotor Nerve ; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases ; Paralysis