Ninety weaned albino rats divided into three different dietary groups according to the amount of salt in their diet. Each diet consisted of a basic diet of vegetable origin to which was added a specific amount of NaCl. Diet I contained 0.51 mEq Na(0.03% NaCl), diet II 9.96mEq Na(0.58%NaCl), and diet III 24.60 mEq Na(1.45% NaCl) per 100 grams of diet. Each diet contained 14 mEq of potassium per 100 grame of diet. All rats grew satisfactorily, regardless the type of diet, until the age of 60 weeks. Both male and female rats were on the highest volume of water consumption in the first 10 weeks and in all groups the female rats consumed more water than males. No significant difference in the level of serum and osseous electrolytes was found. In animals receving the higher sodium diet the ratio of heart to kidney weight per kilogram of body weight was 6-8% higher than in the other groups. The frequency of occurence of a chromophobe adenoma seems to be influenced both by the rat strain and by the stress such as is found where a low sodium diet is given. In this study, animals on the highest sodium diet (24. 60 mEq Na: 1.45% NaCl) had a longer life span than the two other lower sodium diet groups.
Animals ; *Body Weight ; *Cereals ; Diet ; Potassium/*metabolism ; Rats ; Sodium/*metabolism

In order to further characterize the basic pattern of electrolyte and nitrogen metabolism of the Korean, 24-hour urines were collected from 1,260 male subjects who were randomly selected from three different geographical areas (city, rural and island) in age from 6 to 25. For the city subjects, studies were conducted in both summer and winter for a seasonal comparison, while the other subjects were studied in the autumn only. Of these subjects, blood samples were also obtained from 225. In all groups, the serum composition of electrolytes including proteins was within normal range. The daily urine output which increased as a function of age was somewhat greater in summer than in winter. The daily urine output per unit surface is decreased inversely according to age. On the other hand, the urine osmolality which increased with age was higher in winter than in summer. The daily salt excretion which was greater in summer than in winter increased according to age, although the daily salt excretion per unit surface area was constant regardless of age. The daily potassium excretion was such that the urinary K/Na ratio decreased according to age while it was higher in winter than in summer. Likewise, the daily nitrogen excretion was much greater in winter than in summer while it increased with age. However, the daily nitrogen excretion per unit surface area decreased in older subjects age. In contrast to these seasonal differences in respect to certain electrolytes and nitrogen excretion, there was no distinct geographic difference in these variables. Moreover, many of the above variables changed according to age, but tended to stabilize at the age of approximately 15 years. A comparison of the present data with others indicates that the daily urine output and the daily salt excretion are greater while the urine osmolality, the daily nitrogen excretion and the urinary K/Na ratio are lower in the Korean than in the occidental. Moreover, these results strongly suggest that Korean people acquired a habit of ingesting low-protein and high-salt diets at the age of 6 years or perhaps before.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Child ; Dietary Proteins ; Electrolytes/*urine ; Human ; Korea ; Male ; Nitrogen/*urine ; Seasons ; *Water-Electrolyte Balance

No abstract available.
alpha-Tocopherol* ; beta Carotene* ; Humans ; Retinoids*

No abstract available.
Wernicke Encephalopathy*

Twenty four subjects at weaning period were selected for experimental feeding of 10% fish flour supplements with wheat flour noodles. Experimental regimen was 2 months. Total serum protein, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell counts were increased significantly in both sexes. However, a reduction of albumin concentration in serum was found ; also significant increases in globulin fractions occured. Although results suggest an advantage of fish flour supplements, further investigation is required to conclude the definite benefit of fish Hour supplements to Korean children, who need taste acceptability tests of fish flour under strictly controlled conditions.

Twenty-four ma1e a1bino rats were chosen at random and divided into two dietary groups: one for control (diet 1) and the other for an experimental diet (diet 2). Diet II consisted of the basal diet supplemented with red pepper powder in increasing amounts from 1.25%, 1.8% and 2.5% to 3.6%. With a red pepper diet at the 2.5% level, there was a significantly lower efficiency of food utilization. (p=0.05) The apparent digestlbility of calcium with red pepper concentrations from 2.5 to 35% was about 13% greater than in tile control diet. Thus red pepper appears to affect the solubility of calcium in the diet. Serum alpha-Carotene and Vitamin A showed a tendency to increase slightly with a red pepper diet. No histological changes in the gastric mucosa cells were observed in rats fed a red pepper diet. Further investigation is required to define the effects of red pepper in different species of animals.
Absorption* ; Animals ; Calcium* ; Capsicum* ; Diet ; Gastric Mucosa ; Rats* ; Solubility ; Vitamin A* ; Vitamins*

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of cyclophosphamide (CY) on dendritic cells (DCs) and ED2 positive tissue macrophages in adult rat lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs. A single dose of CY (150 mg/kg) was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection. After the rats were sacrificed in groups of three at 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks and 1 month, the tongue, heart, urinary bladder, thymus, spleen and cervical lymph nodes were removed. The immunocytochemical characterization of the cells was carried out using the monoclonal antibodies OX6, OX62 and ED2 in cryostat-cut sections. CY elicited a decrease in number of intraepithelial and interstitial DCs in urinary bladder and in number of interdigitating DCs in all the lymphoid organs examined in this study, whereas CY did not cause any alteration in the number and distribution pattern of dendritic cells in tongue and hearts. CY increased the size and number of tissue macrophages in all the organs examined in this study. Most of these features began to appear from the first day and reached the maximun on the third and seventh day, but two weeks after CY administration, these phenomena declined. In conclusion, CY has differential effects on the rat DCs and macrophages and also on the subpopulations of DC according to the location and the functional state.
Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cyclophosphamide* ; Dendritic Cells* ; Heart ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Lymph Nodes ; Macrophages* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spleen ; Thymus Gland ; Tongue ; Urinary Bladder

BACKGROUND: Circulating cell-free nucleic acids are known to be a noninvasive diagnostic tool for cancer detection. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) B1, a nuclear core complex, is overexpressed in early stage lung cancer. We intended to evaluate the usefulness of plasma hnRNP B1 mRNA in differentiating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from other benign lung diseases, especially pulmonary tuberculosis, which is highly prevalent in Korea and often difficult to distinguish from lung cancer. METHODS: Plasma RNA was extracted from 30 patients with NSCLC, 30 patients with benign lung diseases including pulmonary tuberculosis, and 10 healthy controls. Plasma hnRNP B1 mRNA was measured by TaqMan Gene Expression Assay (Applied Biosystems, USA), and pre-developed beta-actin (ACTB) mRNA was used for normalization. We analyzed the relative gene expression data using the delta-delta Ct method. RESULTS: Plasma hnRPN B1 mRNA was measurable in 93.3% (28/30) of NSCLC patients. Normalized 2-DeltaDeltaCt of plasma hnRPN B1 mRNA was 62.2 (95%Cl, 6.4-210.1) in NSCLC patients and 2.7 (95%Cl, 0.5-13.6) in benign lung disease patients (P<0.001, Mann-Whitney U test). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma hnRNP B1 mRNA was significantly increased in patients with lung cancer compared with that in patients with other benign lung diseases. Plasma hnRNP B1 mRNA may be useful as a potential marker for the detection of NSCLC.
Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/*genetics ; Female ; Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group A-B/*blood/genetics ; Humans ; Lung Diseases/blood/genetics ; Lung Neoplasms/*genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger/*blood/metabolism ; Tumor Markers, Biological

A study was carried out to figure the cases and to observe the endemic status of clonorchiasis and metagonimiasis in endemic areas in Korea. Total 13,373 inhabitants living in 40 villages along 7 main rivers and 9 small streams were subjected to stool examination. They were selected randomly among the riverside population. Their specimens were examined both by cellphane thick smear method and Stoll's egg countung technique. This study was performed during the period from May 1979 to April 1980. The results obtained are as follows: The egg positive rate of any kind of helminths was 58.7% out of 13,373 examned cases, and the egg positive rates by each helminth were; Clonorchis sinensis 21.5%, Metagonimus yokogaqai 4.8%, large type Metagonimus eggs 0.4%, Ascaris lumbricoides 22.9%, Trichuris trichiura 35.2%, hookworm 0.2%, Taenia sp. 0.5%, Hymenolepis nana 0.07%, Paragonimus westermani 2 cases, Fasciola sp. 4 cases, Echinostoma sp. 1 case and Hymenolepis diminuta 1 case respectively. Many endemic foci of clonorchiasis were revealed along the 7 major rivers. The egg positive rates of each river basin differed from each other significantly; Nagdonggang 40.2%, Yeongsangang 30.8%, Seomjingang 17.3%, Hangang 15.7%, Tamjingang 15.9%, Geumgang 12.0% and Mangyeonggang 8.0%. The cases of clonorchiasis were estimated in range 830,000 to 890,000 in riverside areas of the 7 rivers. By grading the infection intensity, 64.7% was in Grade I(EPG 0-900), 28.6% in Grade II (EPG 1000-9,900), 5.5% in Grade III (EPG 10,000-29,900) and 1.3% in Grade IV (EPG over 30,000). The proportion of the cases in Grade III and IV was 6.8% among positive cases. Therefore 60,000 cases at least were regarded to suffer from it clinically. Males of 30-60 years of age showed higher positive rate and heavier burden of infection. This makes clonorchiasis more important socially because the patients lose their social productivity. A few endemic foci of metagonimiasis were detected newly by egg detection; Samcheong 28.5% egg positive rate, Uljin 21.3%, Yeuongdeog 46.3%, Milyang 6.7%, Yeongil 9.2% and Geoje 18.2%. The mean EPG values were in range of 320-7, 120 by the focus. The egg positive rate and proportion of EPG Grade varied greatly by the area, and mean proportion of the positive cases were 69.7% in Grade I, 24.1% in Grade II, 5.0% in Grade III and 1.2% in Grade IV. Males of 30-60 years were infected in higher rate also. The large sized eggs of Metagonimus were found also in upper basin of Hangang and Geumgang mainly. They were regarded as eggs of M. takahashii which is mediated by the cyprinid fishes. Its significance should be studied further. Clonorchiasis and metagonimiasis should be realized as important public health problems in Korea by their wide distribution, high prevalence rate and heavy infection intensity. Comprehensive measures against them are needed urgently.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; clonorchiasis ; metagonimiasis ; Clonorchisis sinensis ; Metagonimus yokogawai ; epidemiology

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease that is very rare in Asians: only a few cases have been reported in Korea. We treated a female infant with CF who had steatorrhea and failure to thrive. Her sweat chloride concentration was 102.0 mM/L. Genetic analysis identified two novel mutations including a splice site mutation (c.1766+2T>C) and a frameshift mutation (c.3908dupA; Asn1303LysfsX6). Pancreatic enzyme replacement and fat-soluble vitamin supplementation enabled the patient to get a catch-up growth. This is the first report of a Korean patient with CF demonstrating pancreatic insufficiency. CF should therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis of infants with steatorrhea and failure to thrive.
Alternative Splicing ; Base Sequence ; Cystic Fibrosis/complications/diagnosis/*genetics ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/*genetics ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency/complications/diagnosis/*genetics ; Female ; Frameshift Mutation ; Humans ; Infant ; Republic of Korea ; Steatorrhea/diagnosis