Why should physicians be ethical? First of all, it is one of the categorical imperatives (golden rules) to be an ethical person. So as a human being, all physicians should endeavor to be an ethical member of the society. However, there is another important reason for physicians to be ethical, more ethical than any other members of the society. Medicine, the so-called learned profession, is defined by the knowledge held by their members and by the application of that knowledge to the needs of fellow citizens. The relationship between physicians and patients can only be secured when physicians succeed in obtaining trust from the public. Society will accept the professional autonomy and monopoly market power held by the medical organization only if the organization shows continuing effort of self-regulation according to their strict code of ethics. At now, physicians are facing a powerful challenge from the modern society that denies professional authority and stresses independence and self-sufficiency of individual social members. There is a clear tendency that modern society no longer sees medicine as a benevolent help by the paternalistic physicians to the patients in need but as a mere trade between providers and consumers. Any unethical behavior of physicians may justify the intrusion by the third party into the traditional doctor-patient relationship in the name of fair trade. In this sense, ethics of physicians may be the best policy to defend the long tradition of Hippocratic medicine.
Codes of Ethics ; Ethics* ; Humans ; Paternalism ; Professional Autonomy ; Self-Control

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy* ; Osteoporosis*

No abstract available.
Education, Medical* ; Evidence-Based Medicine*

No abstract available.
Hypersensitivity*

No abstract available.
Violence*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
China* ; Korea*

Gold thread acupuncture has been applied mainly in patients with low back pain, flank pain, nedica1, neurological and orthopedic problems by herb doctors in Korea. since 1962. K.U.B. was taken in 2,725 cases among 5.334 patients who visited Urology department, Korea University Woo Sok Hospital during the period of 3 years and 7 months from tan. 197O to July 1973 and 60 cases were found to have gold threads in their paravertebral region. The 60 cases were analyzed and the following results were obtained. 1. 41 out of 60 cases (63.8%) have been complaining of low back pain and/or flank pain. 2. 17 cases (28.3%) had urinary tract calculi, 14 (23.3%) revealed B.P.H. and 13 (2l.7%) tad diseases of the bladder. 3. The gold threads were seen through out the level of 7th cervical vertebra to coccygeal vertebra. 4. The number of gold thread implanted in one person varied between one to thirty eight. 5. 27 patients (45.O%). of v-horn gold thread acupuncture have been applied previously. received urological operation and instrumentation with good results.
Acupuncture* ; Calculi ; Flank Pain ; Humans ; Korea ; Low Back Pain ; Orthopedics ; Spine ; Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Tract ; Urology

Antipsychotic drugs(APDs) have been effective to alleviate psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia. However, some schizophrenic patients do not respond to APDs. In addition to psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia, negative symptoms, excitement, violence, agitation, depression, and disorganization are frequently noted in patients with schizophrenia. Though APDs are the first line drugs for these symptoms, other drugs than APDs to augment the effects of APDs are efficacious for the treatment of these symptoms. Such augmenting drugs include benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, lithium, and electroconvulsive therapy. These augmentation strategies can boost the effects of APDs or decrease the requirements of APDs, and consequently decrease the chance of the occurrence of side effects of APDs. Augmenting strategies are revewed for each class of drugs or treatment modality.
Anticonvulsants ; Antidepressive Agents ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Benzodiazepines ; Depression ; Dihydroergotamine ; Electroconvulsive Therapy ; Humans ; Lithium ; Schizophrenia* ; Violence

No abstract available.