No abstract available.
Subcutaneous Tissue*

With the aging process, the senile lids are manifested by the excessive skin, decreased height of palpebral fissures with interference of the vision. Sometimes these patients often complained the blepharitis on the lateral canthal area and phtophobia. But there are many diseases to differentiate from senile lids such as dermatochalasia, blepharochalasia, hypertrophy of orbicularis oculi, herniation of orbital fat, myasthenia gravis, and blepharoptosis. Blepharospasm must also be differentiated because of sysmptoms similar to the above described senile lids. Essential blepharospam is an idiopathic progressively debilitating desease which involve bilateral spasm of the orbicularis oculi. So just only an conventional blepharoplasty could not get an improvement of symptoms and some times it makes the symptoms worsen. This case report is about blepharospasm patients visiting for blepharoplasty. And the patients got relatively the satisfied results with the injection of botulinum A toxin, aided by neurologist, instead of blepharoplasty. In conslutions, The blepharospasm in required to detect in preoperative evaluation for blepharoplasty. Once the blepharospasm is diagnosed, it is better to cooperate with neurologist and to do the blepharoplasty.
Aging ; Blepharitis ; Blepharoplasty* ; Blepharoptosis ; Blepharospasm* ; Botulinum Toxins ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Myasthenia Gravis ; Orbit ; Skin ; Spasm

No abstract available.
Dinoprostone*

No abstract available.
Matrix Metalloproteinase 1* ; Spinal Diseases*

Blepharoptosis refers to drooping of upper eyelid due to weakness of the levator muscle or Mllers muscle. This results in not only a loss of visual field but also aesthetic problems. There has been many procedures in correction of ptosis; A vertical lid-shortening operation such as the Fasanella-Servant tarsomullectomy, advancement of the levator aponeurosis, a external or conjunctival levator muscle resection, and Frontalis suspension or transfer. These methods have many advantage and disadvantages respectively and it is very difficult to have a choice for any ptosis. We modified levator aponeurosis resection to reduce undercorrection and recurrence of the ptosis after operations. The refinement of our procedure consist of the skin approached semilunar resection of total upper eyelid with levator aponeurosis resection according to ptosis amount. From January 1997 to June 2002, 10 congenital and acquired blepharoptosis patients and 10 cases were done. The follow-up period of patients ranged from 9 months to 6 years and 2 months. The preoperative average amount of ptosis is 3.3 mm and the postoperative one is 1.6 mm. Satisfactory result has been achived in 8 cases. Undercorrection and temporary severe lagophthalomos were done 2 cases and 3 cases respectively, but we did not have any expirences of severe complication such as exposure keratitis and symblepharon. Although our method has some disadvantages such as somewhat difficult procedure and longer operation times, better results and less recurrence of ptosis were done after long term follow-up.
Blepharoptosis* ; Eyelids ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Recurrence ; Skin ; Visual Fields

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It is recommended that Botox be used within 5 hours of reconstitution, which results in substantial quantities being discarded. This is not only uneconomic, but also inconvenient for treating patients. The aim of this study was to determine the potencies of Botox used within 2 hours of reconstitution with unpreserved saline, the same Botox refrigerated (at +4degrees C) 72 hours after reconstitution, and during the next 4 consecutive weeks (weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4). This comparison was used to determine the length of refrigeration time during which reconstituted Botox will maintain the same efficacy as freshly reconstituted toxin. METHODS: Individual paralysis rates in the extensor digitorum brevis (EDB) compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude and area were measured 1 week after injecting fresh reconstituted 2.5 MU of Botox on one side of the foot, and when the same quantity of Botox that had been refrigerated for a designated time (i.e., 72 h, or 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks) into the other side of the foot. The EDB CMAP amplitude and area at 12 and 16 weeks postinjection were also measured to compare the efficacy durations in all five comparative groups. RESULTS: Ninety-four volunteers were divided into five groups according to the refrigerator storage time of the second Botox injection. The paralysis of the EDBs was significant for each injection of Botox, both fresh and refrigerated, with no statistically significant differences between them, regardless of the refrigeration time. There was a tendency toward increased CMAP amplitude and area at 12 or 16 weeks postinjection (p<0.0001). The duration of effective muscle paralysis did not differ significantly throughout the 16-week follow-up period between all five groups. CONCLUSIONS: The potency of reconstituted Botox is not degraded by subsequent refrigeration for 4 weeks. However, there are definite concerns regarding its sterility, and hence its safety, since multiple withdrawals from the same vial over long periods can introduce bacterial contamination.
Action Potentials ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Humans ; Infertility ; Muscles ; Paralysis ; Refrigeration

No abstract available.
Emergencies* ; Humans ; Statistics as Topic*

No abstract available.
Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Hot Temperature*

No abstract available.
Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Hot Temperature*

PURPOSE: A botulinum toxin type A(BoNT-A) injection has been used as a noninvasive management for lower face contouring since 2000. The aim of this study is to compare reduction rate of lower face width for a longtime according to repeated Botox(R) injections on masseter muscles for lower face contouring procedure. METHODS: Forty-five patients were analyzed for single session of Botox(R) injection and 13 patients were evaluated for repeated Botox(R) injections for over two years. Single injection group was tracked regular intervals at 1, 3, 6, 10, 12 months after the injection, and repeated injection group was measured at every injection time. Twenty-five to thirty units of Botox(R) was injected into each masseteric muscle at five to six points at the prominent portions of the mandibular angle. Standardized frontal view of digital photographs were analyzed by Adobe Photoshop(R)(version CS3) to measure an reduction rate of lower face's width. RESULTS: Reduction rate was 3.7%, 6.9%, 6.2%, 4%, 4% at 1, 3, 6, 10, 12 months post injection each other in single injection group. However, more than 8% reduction rate was found in repeated injection group persistently for more than two years. CONCLUSION: This study shows that effective duration of Botox(R) injection for lower face contouring is expected to continue over one year clinically. Moreover, repeated injections maintained lower reduction rate consistently for a long time. Therefore, repeated injections on masseter muscles at regular intervals is the most effective procedure for lower face contouring.
Botulinum Toxins ; Humans ; Masseter Muscle ; Muscles ; Track and Field