No abstract available.
Malocclusion*

Vanadium is an essential trace element but has not been identified with a specific biogical role. To study the direct effects of vanadium on osteoblast, we incubated murin osteoblast-like (MC3T3-E1) cells with various concentration of vanadium oxide & sodium orthovanadate. This study was designed to investigate the effect of vanadium on DNA synthesis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, cAMP formation responsive to parathormone(PTH) and type I alpha 2 collagen ribonucleic acid (mRNA) level in murin osteoblast-like (MC3T3-E1) cells. The cells were cultured in a -minimal essential medium(alpha -MEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and then changed to 0.1% FBS with various concentration of vanadium oxide & sodium orthovanadate. Quiescent cultured MC3T3-E1 cells incubated for 24 hours with 2,5,10,15,20 micrometer vanadium oxide incorporated [3H]Thymidine; every concentration showed increases in [3H]Thymidine incorporations dose dependant manner, the greatest response occurred at 20micrometer. Quiescent cultured MC3T3- E1 cells incubated for 3days with 2,5,10,15,20 micrometer vanadium oxide, for 2 days with sodium orthovanadate and alkaline phosphatase was assayed with disodium phenyl phosphate as substrate. Vanadium oxide increased the alkaline phosphatase content in MC3T3- E1 cells at 2 micrometer & 6micrometer; the greatest response occurred at 2micrometer. But decreased at other content. sodium orthovanadate increased alkaline phosphatase content in MC3T3-E1 cells at all concentration ; the greatest response occurred at 4micrometer. Quiescent cultured MC3T3- E1 cells incubated for 3days with 5,10micrometer vanadium oxide, with 5,8micrometer sodium orthovanadate and cAMP formation was measured by Radioimmunoassay(RIA). Vanadium oxide & sodium orthovanadate showed the tendency of inhibitory effects on cAMP responsiveness to PTH in MC3T3-E1 cells. Quiescent cultured MC3T3-E1 cells incubated for 24hours with 10,20micrometer vanadium oxide, with 5,10micrometer sodium orthovanadate and Type I alpha2 collagen ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression was studied by Northern blot analysis. Northern blot analysis of vanadium oxide treated cells showed decreasing effects 0& sodium orthovanadate revealed increasing effects in type I &2 collagen ribonucleic acid (mRNA) level.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Blotting, Northern ; Collagen ; DNA ; Osteoblasts ; RNA ; Sodium* ; Vanadates* ; Vanadium*

This study was designed to investigate the variation of mandibular pattern and cranial base and their association in the craniofacial malocclusion. The material was the 165 cephalometric radiographs taken from craniofacial malocclusion. The sample was devided into two groups by age child group aged from 10 to 13 years and adult group aged over 18 years, and each group was devided into 3 types of malocclusion, class I, Class II div. 1 and Class III malocclusion. Child group consist of 35 samples and adult group consist of 20 samples in each malocclusion type. Various angular and linear measurements on the cephalometric radiographs were recorded and statistically analyzed. The results of the study were as follows, 1. The cranial base angle was largest in Class II div, 1 malocclusion and smallest in Class III malocclusion 2. The anterior cranial base length was largest in Class II div 1 malocclusion but posterior cranial base length did not show statistical difference 3. The mandibular body length of Class III malocclusion was larger than those of Class I and Class II div 1 malocclusion in the adult group but did not shown difference in the child group. The ramus height of Class III malocclusion was larger than those of Class I and Class II div 1 malocclusion in the child and adult group, but there were no difference between Class I and Class II div, 1 malocclusion. 4. The mandibular position was showed low correlation with the cranial base angele.
Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Malocclusion* ; Skull Base*

No abstract available.
Brain Stem* ; Hyperthyroidism* ; Spinocerebellar Degenerations*

BACKGROUND/AIM: The lipo-PGE1, known for being more stable during pulmonary circulation and having more targeting effect, has been reported to inhibit ET-1 induced stellate cell contraction. We assessed the effect of lipo-PGE1 on the change of ET-1 concentration and the relationship between ET-1 concentration and the liver damage. METHODS: Mongrel dogs weighing about 25 kg were divided into a control (n=6) and a lipo-PGE1 (n=6) group. Partial liver allotransplantation was performed. In the lipo-PGE1 group, lipo-PGE1 was slowly infused through splenic venous cannulation during the donor liver harvesting procedure (50 microgram) and continuously infused (60 microgram/day) for 48 hours after reperfusion. The AST, ALP, LDH and ET-1 concentrations were monitored RESULTS: The AST and ALP levels of the lipo-PGE1 group were significantly lower than those of the control group both at 1 hour and 48 hours after reperfusion. The LDH level in the lipo-PGE1 group was lower at 1 hour and 48 hours after reperfusion. But there was no statistical difference between the two groups. The baseline ET-1 concentration of the lipo-PGE1 group was eight times higher than that of the control group. The ET-1 concentration was elevated gradually in the control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups at 48 hours. There was no correlation between ET-1 concentrations and AST, ALP, LDH levels. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the hepatoprotective effect of the lipo-PGE1 against ischemia-reperfusion injury in canine partial liver allotransplantation. However, the baseline ET-1 level was eight times higher in the lipo-PGE1 group than that of the control group in spite of the hepatoprotective effects of the lipo-PGE1.
Alprostadil* ; Animals ; Catheterization ; Dogs ; Endothelin-1* ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation* ; Liver* ; Pulmonary Circulation ; Reperfusion ; Reperfusion Injury* ; Tissue Donors

Investigations into the development of new therapeutic agents for lung inflammatory disorders have led to the discovery of plant-based alternatives. The rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides have a long history of use against lung inflammatory disorders in traditional herbal medicine. However, the therapeutic potential of this plant material in animal models of lung inflammation has yet to be evaluated. In the present study, we prepared the alcoholic extract and derived the saponin-enriched fraction from the rhizomes of A. asphodeloides and isolated timosaponin A-III, a major constituent. Lung inflammation was induced by intranasal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mice, representing an animal model of acute lung injury (ALI). The alcoholic extract (50–200 mg/kg) inhibited the development of ALI. Especially, the oral administration of the saponin-enriched fraction (10–50 mg/kg) potently inhibited the lung inflammatory index. It reduced the total number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Histological changes in alveolar wall thickness and the number of infiltrated cells of the lung tissue also indicated that the saponin-enriched fraction strongly inhibited lung inflammation. Most importantly, the oral administration of timosaponin A-III at 25–50 mg/kg significantly inhibited the inflammatory markers observed in LPS-induced ALI mice. All these findings, for the first time, provide evidence supporting the effectiveness of A. asphodeloides and its major constituent, timosaponin A-III, in alleviating lung inflammation.
Acute Lung Injury ; Administration, Intranasal ; Administration, Oral ; Alcoholics ; Anemarrhena* ; Animals* ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Herbal Medicine ; Humans ; Lung* ; Mice ; Models, Animal* ; Plants ; Pneumonia* ; Rhizome*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Epithelium* ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea* ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular* ; Rats*

This study intends to examine the polymorphism of 5 STR loci inX-chromosome (GATA172D05, HPRTB, DXS8377, DXS101, HumARA) and to evaluate usefulness of them in forensic identification. 100 unrelated Korean men and women were selected. DNA was extracted from these sample and PCR was performed to amplify it. And using automated DNA sequencer and computer program, the genotype and allele frequency of them were investigated and analyzed. The following results were obtained: 1. The genetic analysis of 5 STR loci inX-chromosome was performed with quadruplex PCR for GATA172D05, HPRTB, DXS8377, HumARA and monoplex PCR for DXS101. 2. Polymorphism information content of 5 loci is higher than 0.5, the high information content is observed. The heterozygosity is higher in DXS8377, DXS101, HumARA than others. 3. The power of discrimination is revealed high in all 5 loci in women, but in men DXS8377 and HumARA is higher than others. 4. The mean exclusion chance is revealed high in DXS8377 and HumARA which have more alleles than others in trio case and motherless case. 5. The difference of allele frequency is observed with other population group in DXS8377, DXS101, HumARA of Korean population group. Based on the results of this study, the allele frequency and population data of 5 STR loci inX-chromosome may be useful in forensic investigation.
Alleles ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; DNA ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Population Groups

From December 2006 to December 2016, 1,429 patients enrolled in the Korea human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) Cohort Study were investigated. Based on the year of diagnosis, the time interval between HIV diagnosis and initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) was analyzed by dividing it into 2 years. The more recent the diagnosis, the more likely rapid treatment was initiated (P < 0.001) and the proportion of patients starting ART on the same day of HIV diagnosis was increased in 2016 (6.5%) compared to that in 2006 (1.7%). No significant difference in the median values of CD4+ cell counts according to the diagnosis year was observed. In the past 20 years, the time from the HIV diagnosis to the initiation of ART was significantly reduced. Rapid treatment was being implemented at the HIV diagnosis, regardless of CD4+ cell count. Considering the perspective “treatment is prevention,” access to more rapid treatment is necessary at the time of HIV diagnosis.
CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Cohort Studies ; Diagnosis ; HIV Infections ; HIV ; Humans ; Korea

Cohort Studies ; Coinfection ; Hepatitis B virus ; HIV Infections ; HIV ; Humans ; Immunization, Secondary ; Korea ; Parturition ; Prevalence ; Vaccination