The purpose of this study was to survey basic data for management of elderly day care centers. In this study. occupation. leisure life. and food. clothing and habituation. as well as social relationship. health state and behavior. and general characteristics of subjects were examined to identify the factors affecting their cognition. need and preference of the day care centers. The subjects of this study were 392 elderly. aged 60 years or over. living in Gangnung and neighboring districts. Data were collected by educated interviewers from November 4 through Novemver 22, 2002. The subjects were interviewed face to face. one for one after the interviewee's agreements on the survey. The collected data were analysed with logistic regression analysis by SAS (statistical analysis system). Logistic regression analysis was done to identify affecting factors for cognition. need and preference of the elderly day care centers. The major findings are as follows: 1. The factors affecting cognition for care centers were analysed. The the day subjects with an occupation and a lower satisfaction level of living environment and friendship. who were economically secure enough to manage a sudden accident. showed a higher level of cognition of the day care centers. The subjects with a higher level of mental health state and a lower level of IADL also showed a higher level of cognition. On the general characteristics younger female subjects showed a higher level of cognition. 2. The subjects with a lower level of perceived economic condition who did not own their housing and were not economically safe enough to manage a sudden accident. had showed a higher level of need for the day care centers. It showed that the subjects with a high level of mental health state. a bad eye sight and dental condition. a good perceived health condition. and a lower level of IADL. needed the centers. 3. The subjects who had an occupation, however, not capable of making their own daily expenses. and a low occupation satisfaction level. and who did not own their housing. and were economically poor not enough to manage a sudden accident. showed a higher preference for the day care centers. The subjects with higher levels of friendship satisfaction and perceived health condition. not living with their spouse. and a higher education level, showed a higher preference for the centers. In conclusion. the common factors affecting their cognition. need and preference of the day care centers were occupation, economic security enough to manage accidents. and friendship satisfaction level. Especially, the subjects who had an occupation, however. not economically secure enough to manage accidents. and who did not live in their own housing with a good perceived health condition, showed high levels of need and preference for the day care centers. These results can be used as basic data to develop the efficient elderly day care centers, thus contribute to the elderly welfare in a local community.
Aged* ; Clothing ; Cognition ; Day Care, Medical* ; Education ; Female ; Friends ; Gangwon-do ; Housing ; Humans ; Leisure Activities ; Logistic Models ; Mental Health ; Occupations ; Spouses

The objective of this study was to apply a dementia prevention program to the subjects who were suspected of dementia and test its effect. This study was one group pretest-posttest design. The dementia prevention program was applied for 20 weeks to the 19 subjects who were suspected of dementia after a screen test among 638 subjects enrolled in 10 senior citizen's centers in G city. The scores of measured before and after the program. The data collected were analyzed using a SPSS (statistical analysis system) program, and frequencies, averages and standard deviations were obtained. The differences of the scores of the pretest and posttest were analyzed with Mann-Whitney test and sign test. The results were as follows: 1. After the program, the average score of self-efficacy was increased from 75.31 (standard deviation 11.99) to 84.26 (standard deviation 13.92). 2. There are no differences between the average scores of physical and psychological quality of life, however, the average score of social quality of life was slightly increased from 2.25 (standard deviation 0.40) to 2.53 (standard deviation 0.43), and the overall score of social quality of life was low. 3. The average score of cognition was significantly increased from 21.00 (standard deviation 2.60) to 24.58 (standard deviation 3.37), thus, it was found that the program was effective to improve the cognition level. 4. The score differences of self-efficacy, quality of life, cognition between the pretest and posttest were statistically significant. 5. The score differences of quality of life between the pretest and posttest were found to be dependent on marital status, exercise and regular chechup yes or no. In conclusion, the program was effective to prevent the subjects suspected of dementia from dementia.
Cognition ; Dementia* ; Marital Status ; Quality of Life

BACKGROUND: There have been few reports suggesting involvement of mast cell and neutrophil to induce bronchoconstriction in aspirin-sensitive asthrna. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate mast cell and neutrophil activation in pathogenesis of aspirin-sensitive asthma. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We observed changes of serum NCA and MPO levels during L-ASA bronchoprovocation test in 14 subjects with aspirin-sensitive asthma. RESULTS: Serum NCA was significantly increased at 30 min(p=0.01) after the inhalation of L-ASA and then, no significant changes were noted at 240 min (p=0.14). NCA was significantly higher in subjects with late asthmatic responses than in those without it (p=0.04). Serum MPO level tended to increase at 30 min with no statistical significance (p=0.08), and then it significantly decreased at 240 min (p=0.05). There was no significant correlation between serum NCA and MPO level (r=0.22, p=0.58). CONCLUSION: These results support the view that NCA derived from mast cell may contribute to neutrophil recruitment into the airway in aspirin-sensitive asthmatic patients.
Asthma ; Bronchoconstriction ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Mast Cells ; Neutrophil Activation ; Neutrophil Infiltration ; Neutrophils*

C-erbB-2, one of epidermal growth factor receptor gene family, may have an important role in progression of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC of the urinary bladder. We herein immunohistochemically examined 52 bladder TCC specimens for expression of c-erbB-2 gene product to investigate its prognostic value. Interrelationship between expression of c-erbB-2 and stage, grade, expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Overexpression of c-erbB-2 was significantly higher in invasive tumors as compared with superficial tumors and in high grade tumors as compared with low grade tumors (p<0.005). However, there were no significant correlations between the degree of expression of c-erbB-2 and progression-free survival in patients with superficial bladder TCC as well as actual-survival in patients with invasive bladder TCC. There also was no significant correlation between the expression of c-erbB-2 and PCNA. These results suggest that c-trbB-2 may be an important marker of malignant potentials and invasiveness of bladder TCC, but immunohistochemical study for its expression in bladder TCC may not provide additional prognostic information to stage and grade of the tumors.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Disease-Free Survival ; Genes, erbB-2 ; Humans ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

PURPOSE: To report a case of bilateral optic neuropathy related with idiopathic hypertropic pachymeningitis. CASE SUMMARY: A 66-year old woman presented with acute visual loss that developed 6 days previously in the right eye and 3 days prior in the left eye. During the initial evaluation, her visual acuity was light perception in the right eye and counting fingers at 30 cm in the left eye. A relative afferent papillary defect (RAPD) was noted in the patient's right eye. On brain MRI, the duramater was thickened and enhanced by contrast. The erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) level were increased and myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA) as positive. Other neurological and medical abnormalities were not found. Under the suspicion of bilateral optic neuropathy due to idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis, the patient was treated with methylprednisolone pulse therapy. Two days after the treatment, the visual acuity was hand movements at 20 cm in the right eye and 0.6 in the left eye. Three months after the treatment, the visual acuity was counting fingers at 20 cm in the right eye, and 0.7 in the left eye. The right eye showed optic disc pallor and diffuse retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defect. The left eye showed a suspicious RNFL defect, and was otherwise normal. CONCLUSIONS: The authors report a rare case of optic neuropathy related with idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis. Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis should be considered as one of the various causes of optic neuropathy.
Blood Sedimentation ; Brain ; C-Reactive Protein ; Cytoplasm ; Eye ; Female ; Fingers ; Hand ; Humans ; Light ; Meningitis ; Methylprednisolone ; Nerve Fibers ; Optic Nerve Diseases ; Pallor ; Patient Rights ; Retinaldehyde ; Visual Acuity

The Sturge Weber syndrome is an uncommon disorder characterized by port-wine nevus of the face with angiomatosis of the ipsilateral cerebral leptomeninges and extensive calcification in the underlying cerebral cortex. Associated with this syndrome are mental retardation, choroidal angioma, buphthalmus or glaucoma, seizure and hemiplegia. We studied a case of incomplete form of Sturage Weber syndrome in a 12 year-old boy, who had generalized seizure, a homonymous hemianopsia, intracranial calcification and leptomeningeal angiomatosis. There are no characteristic facial nevus, mental retardation, occular changes and hemiplegia.

This is a case report of pernicious anemia with neurologic deficits. The patient is a 69 years old male with generalized tingling sense. On examination, slight pale conjunctiva and beefy red tongue are noted. Laboratory stud show megaloblastic anemia with low serum vitamin B12 level, positive Schilling test, gastric achlorhydria and mild gastric atrophy. Neurologic examination reveals cerebral, spinal and peripheral involovement and EEG and EMG study support those things. On parenteral vitamin B12, the hematologic and neurological abnormalities are improved dramatically.
Achlorhydria ; Aged ; Anemia, Megaloblastic ; Anemia, Pernicious* ; Atrophy ; Conjunctiva ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Male ; Neurologic Examination ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Schilling Test ; Tongue ; Vitamin B 12

Presented a 39 year old man of cerebral malaria and pertinent literature were reviewed briefly. The patient was admitted because of fever and drowsy mental state. On admission, there were mild icteric sclerae and hepatomegaly. Brain C-T scan was normal. The cerebrospinal fluid study showed increased pressure (280 mmH20), and protein content (150 mg/dl) with mild pleocytosis. The EEG revealed diffuse delta waves throughout the head. At the 3rd hospital day, the patient was rapidly deteriorated to comatous state showing marked hyperbilirubinemia, thrombocytopenia and bleeding tendency and expired. Numerous plasmodium falciparum parasites were revealed in the peripheral blood smear.
Adult ; Brain ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Electroencephalography ; Fever ; Head ; Hemorrhage ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Leukocytosis ; Malaria, Cerebral* ; Parasites ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Sclera ; Thrombocytopenia

Reported cases of a large dentigerous cyst involving the whole maxillary sinus are uncommon. A 22-year-old female patient suffering from swelling of the right infraorbital area and cheek with dull pain was referred to our department. Findings on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a huge mass containing a displaced maxillary third molar involving the right maxillary sinus as a whole, with partial erosion of the posterior sinus cortical bone. Under general anesthesia, the mass was enucleated using the Caldwell-Luc approach, and, following histopathological analysis, was diagnosed as a dentigerous cyst. The case was followed for a period of seven years, and no evidence of sinus infection or recurring cyst formation was observed during that time.
Anesthesia, General ; Cheek ; Dentigerous Cyst ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Maxillary Sinus ; Molar, Third ; Stress, Psychological ; Young Adult

Purpose: To compare the vessel density (VD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area using four different optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images. Methods: This prospective study analyzed the OCTA images of consecutive healthy subjects using Plex-Elite (Carl Zeiss), DRI OCT-1 Atlantis (Topcon), AngioPlex (Carl Zeiss), and Spectralis OCTA (Heidelberg Engineering). The VD and FAZ areas were calculated using the OCTA images with a 3 x 3 mm2 volume scan pattern centered on the fovea. Results: The VD (%) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) were different using the four devices: Plex-Elite (42.17 ± 2.79, 43.71 ± 2.36), DRI OCT-1 Atlantis (28.70 ± 2.87, 30.27 ± 3.02), AngioPlex (28.32 ± 6.68, 33.33 ± 5.44), and Spectralis OCTA (27.86 ± 4.13, 28.54 ± 3.14), respectively; p < 0.001). The FAZ area (mm2) of the SCP and DCP were different using the four devices: Plex-Elite (0.276 ± 0.097, 0.340 ± 0.100), DRI OCT-1 Atlantis (0.281 ± 0.102, 0.354 ± 0.119), AngioPlex (0.269 ± 0.099, 0.422 ± 0.120), and Spectralis OCTA (0.272 ± 0.079, 0.298 ± 0.106), respectively; p < 0.001). The VD of the SCP and DCP had no significant correlation using the four devices (all, p > 0.05), but the FAZ area had positive correlations using the four devices (all, p < 0.001). Conclusions The four OCTA devices provided different VD and FAZ areas, so these differences should be considered in analyzing OCTA images.