PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of self-resilience, academic self-concept and test anxiety in undergraduates. METHOD: The participants were 403 undergraduates in H, C University in G City, and K University in S City. Data were collected from March 1 to April 30, 2012, and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 18.0. RESULTS: The mean score per item for self-resilience was 2.77. The mean academic self-concept score was 3.17 and the mean score for test anxiety was 2.38. Self-resilience showed a negative correlation with test anxiety (r=-.186, p<.001) and a positive correlation with academic self-concept (r=.312, p<.001). Academic self-concept showed a negative correlation with test anxiety (r=-.353, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that self-resilience and academic self-concept enhancement programs should be developed to reduce test anxiety in undergraduates and that further study should be done on the effects of such programs.
Anxiety* ; Humans ; Self Concept

PURPOSE: To determine the mediating as well as moderating effect on both the emotional labor and burnout of professional self-concept perspective organ transplantation coordinators (OTC)'. METHODS: A self-report questionnaire was collected from 86 OTCs nationwide. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe' test, Pearson' Correlation Coefficients, AMOS 20.0, and multiple regression. RESULTS: For effects of professional self-concept on emotional labor and burnout, higher emotional labor was related to higher burnout. When professional self-concept was mediated, emotional labor had a greater effect on burnout however, a partial mediating effect was detected. From the regression analysis with the independent variables of emotional labor (A) and professional self-concept (B), adding relation of both variables (AxB) increased the explained variance to 56.3% (p<.05). It was confirmed that professional self-concept had a moderating effect on emotional labor and burnout. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that, when professional self-concept was mediated emotional labor of an OTC decreased, and burnout decreased when professional self-concept was high. Also, by controlling professional self-concept, emotional labor and burnout decreased. Therefore, it's necessary to map out the environment and develop strategies to reduce emotional labor and burnout in organ transplantation coordinators.
Negotiating ; Organ Transplantation ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: A large amount of blood is lost during spinal fusion surgery; therefore, a blood transfusion is required. In this study, we analyzed the amount of transfusion and hemodynamic changes in relation to the count of fusion segments in lumbosacral spinal surgeries. METHODS: We analyzed 67 patients who had undergone lumbosacral fusion. They were divided into five groups according to the levels of fusion segments (one level: Group 1, two levels: Group 2, three levels: Group 3, four levels: Group 4 and above three levels: Groups 3+4). Total amounts of transfusion and perioperative hemodynamic changes were compared among each group. RESULTS: Of the total 67 cases, 40 cases were Group 1, 19 cases were Group 2, five cases were Group 3, three cases were Group 4, and eight cases were Groups 3+4. Average volume of Red Blood Cell (RBC) transfusion per operation was 703+/-463 mL (Group 1), 934+/-372 mL (Group 2), 1,677+/-847 mL (Group 3), 1,231+/-412 mL (Group 4), and 1,509+/-669 mL (Group 3+4); and average volume of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) per operation was 55+/-141 mL (Group 1), 108+/-181 mL (Group 2), 306+/-368 mL (Group 3), 567+/-260 mL (Group 4), and 404+/-317 mL (Groups 3+4). Eight patients received transfusion of Platelet Concentrate (PC); each patient received 10 units (400 mL). The preoperative mean level of hemoglobin and platelet was 13.62+/-1.47 g/dL and 245+/-60x10(3)/microliter, postoperatively, 10.26+/-1.14 g/dL and 150+/-46x10(3)/microliter. CONCLUSION: As the fusion segments increase, the need for transfusion of RBC, FFP, and PC increases. Application of the Maximum Surgical Blood Order Schedule (MSBOS) system is required in the planning of spinal fusion, especially in multiple segments.
Appointments and Schedules ; Blood Platelets ; Blood Transfusion ; Erythrocytes ; Hemodynamics ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Lumbosacral Region ; Plasma ; Spinal Fusion

BACKGROUND: A large amount of blood is lost during spinal fusion surgery; therefore, a blood transfusion is required. In this study, we analyzed the amount of transfusion and hemodynamic changes in relation to the count of fusion segments in lumbosacral spinal surgeries. METHODS: We analyzed 67 patients who had undergone lumbosacral fusion. They were divided into five groups according to the levels of fusion segments (one level: Group 1, two levels: Group 2, three levels: Group 3, four levels: Group 4 and above three levels: Groups 3+4). Total amounts of transfusion and perioperative hemodynamic changes were compared among each group. RESULTS: Of the total 67 cases, 40 cases were Group 1, 19 cases were Group 2, five cases were Group 3, three cases were Group 4, and eight cases were Groups 3+4. Average volume of Red Blood Cell (RBC) transfusion per operation was 703+/-463 mL (Group 1), 934+/-372 mL (Group 2), 1,677+/-847 mL (Group 3), 1,231+/-412 mL (Group 4), and 1,509+/-669 mL (Group 3+4); and average volume of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) per operation was 55+/-141 mL (Group 1), 108+/-181 mL (Group 2), 306+/-368 mL (Group 3), 567+/-260 mL (Group 4), and 404+/-317 mL (Groups 3+4). Eight patients received transfusion of Platelet Concentrate (PC); each patient received 10 units (400 mL). The preoperative mean level of hemoglobin and platelet was 13.62+/-1.47 g/dL and 245+/-60x10(3)/microliter, postoperatively, 10.26+/-1.14 g/dL and 150+/-46x10(3)/microliter. CONCLUSION: As the fusion segments increase, the need for transfusion of RBC, FFP, and PC increases. Application of the Maximum Surgical Blood Order Schedule (MSBOS) system is required in the planning of spinal fusion, especially in multiple segments.
Appointments and Schedules ; Blood Platelets ; Blood Transfusion ; Erythrocytes ; Hemodynamics ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Lumbosacral Region ; Plasma ; Spinal Fusion

No abstract available.
Gestational Age* ; Intracranial Hemorrhages*

Bile* ; Child, Preschool* ; Female* ; Humans

PURPOSE: Some studies report a role of leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and suggest a rationale for the use of leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. This study aimed to evaluate the treatment effectiveness of montelukast in children with atopic dermatitis. METHODS: Fifty-four children between the ages of 2 and 6 years with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis were enrolled. Group A received montelukast for 8 weeks, followed by a crossover to 8 weeks of placebo after a 2-week washout period. Group B reversed the administration according to a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. The SCORing atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) index, urinary leukotriene E4 (LTE4), and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) were assessed at every visit. RESULTS: Forty-three patients (21 males) completed the study. Although the SCORAD index was decreased in both groups, there was no statistically significant difference between montelukast and placebo (-3.0±11.2 vs -5.7±11.3, P=0.43). The level of urinary LTE4 was decreased after taking montelukast when compared to placebo, but there was no statistically significant difference (-65.9±556.2 vs 87.7±618.3, P=0.26). The changes in urinary EDN after taking montelukast and placebo had no significant difference (37.0±1,008.6 vs -195.8±916.7, P=0.10). When analyzing SCORAD indices, urinary LTE4, and EDN, we could not prove the effectiveness of montelukast in the atopic, non-atopic or high ECP (ECP ≥15 µg/L) subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: There was no statistically significant difference in clinical improvement or biomarkers between montelukast and placebo treatment. Therefore, conventional treatments with skin care and infection control might be more important strategies in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.
Biological Markers ; Child* ; Cross-Over Studies* ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Leukotriene E4 ; Leukotrienes ; Receptors, Leukotriene ; Skin Care ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: Egg (egg white) allergies are among the most common food allergies in infants and young children. Serum egg white-specific IgE (sIgE) levels have been shown to be correlated with clinical symptoms, and the predictive decision point of sIgE levels has been proposed and used widely in the clinical setting. However, some patients whose sIgE levels to egg white are higher than the predictive decision point value show no clinical symptoms, and vice versa. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical usefulness of sIgE antibodies to egg white and its components in the diagnosis of egg allergies. METHODS: Forty-one patients younger than 2 years of age with no experience of egg intake due to concerns regarding allergies or a non-specific clinical response to eggs were enrolled. Total IgE levels and the levels of IgE antibodies specific for egg white and its components (ovomucoid, ovalbumin, and conalbumin) were measured by ImmunoCAP testing. The clinical response of the subjects was confirmed by an open oral food challenge (OFC). RESULTS: Fifteen (71.4%) out of 21 patients in the egg white-sIgE > or =2 kU/L group showed a positive response, while 10 (50.0%) out of 20 patients in the egg white-sIgE <2 kU/L group showed a negative response to the OFC. There were no statistically significant differences in the levels of sIgE antibodies against egg white and its components between the positive and negative open OFC groups. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences in the levels of sIgE antibodies against egg white and its components based on an intra-group analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the sensitivity and specificity of the predictive decision point values for egg white-sIgE antibodies by ImmunoCAP were relatively low in Korean children. In addition, no egg white component predicted the clinical reactivity of the subjects. We suggest that the predictive decision point value for a positive egg oral challenge test by ImmunoCAP should be re-evaluated. Moreover, we suggest that careful personal history recording and challenge tests are necessary for the correct diagnosis of an egg allergy.
Antibodies ; Child ; Egg Hypersensitivity ; Egg Proteins ; Egg White ; Eggs ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunoglobulin E ; Infant ; Ovalbumin ; Ovum

PURPOSE: Chemical burn accounts for a small proportion of burns in burn patient population. However, chemical injuries own importance to their deep tissue destruction which continues long after the initial exposure. YUHANROX(R) is a domestic bleach which has been widely used in Korea. Chemical burn by the domestic bleach is an unusual case. METHODS: A 70 yrs old female soiled with stool, her husband wiped the mess with YUHANROX(R). Skin edema, erythematous lesion was developed the second day, and she was admitted to our hospital via emergency department. RESULTS: Complete epithelization was done after 3 times STSG but, severe scar was formed. CONCLUSION: We report this case to warn about the dangers of domestic bleaches chemical substances and to emphasize that they should be used with caution. Public relation of the primary care of the chemical burn injury is needed.
Burns ; Burns, Chemical ; Cicatrix ; Edema ; Emergencies ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Primary Health Care ; Skin ; Sodium ; Sodium Hypochlorite ; Soil ; Spouses

OBJECTIVE: Frame-based stereotatic catheter placement and subsequent thrombolysis is one treatment option for the management of a deep intracerebral hemorrhage. Recently, frameless stereotactic surgery with a navigation system has been introduced to reduce the hematoma volume. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of frameless stereotactic ICH catheterization using a navigation system. METHODS: From January 2006 to November 2006, we identified 27 patients who were diagnosed with deep ICH and underwent navigationassisted frameless stereotactic catheter insertion with/without thrombolysis by urokinase irrigation. RESULTS: The mean length between the center of the hematoma and the tip of the catheter was 6.8 mm (range between 0 and 15 mm). The catheter tip and target matched in 8 patients (29.6%). In cases of an inappropriately located catheter tip (70.4%), most of the hematomas were thalamic in location due to the long trajectory (9 of 10 thalamic locations). The preoperative hematoma volume showed a statistically significant correlation with the final hematoma volume. There was no mortality reported. Multiple regression analysis showed a statistically significant correlation between the initial Glasgow coma scale score and the outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Navigation-assisted frameless stereotactic ICH catheterization has limited accuracy but is effective in reducing the ICH volume reduction.
Catheterization ; Catheters ; Cerebral Hemorrhage* ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Mortality ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator