PURPOSE: This research is to know whether aroma foot massage has influence on the relief of anxiety and pain during colonoscopy under conscious sedation. METHOD: This research was designed as a quasi-experiment of non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest. Data were collected from April 1 2005 to August 30 2005. The subjects were divided into three groups (control group, foot massage group and aroma foot massage group) with 30 persons each. Anxiety was evaluated with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), blood pressure and pulse. Pain response was measured with VAS and non-verbal pain behavior score. Sleep satisfaction was measured with a graphic rating scale. Data were analyzed through Chi-square test, t-test and repeated measure ANOVA. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure, pulse, subjective anxiety and pain scores from the aroma foot massage group decreased significantly. Sleep satisfaction score of the aroma foot massage group increased significantly. Diastolic blood pressure from the aroma foot massage group did not decrease. CONCLUSION: The results show that aroma foot massage with refined oils can increase sleep satisfaction and decrease anxiety and pain during colonoscopy under conscious sedation.
Anxiety* ; Blood Pressure ; Colonoscopy* ; Conscious Sedation* ; Foot* ; Humans ; Massage* ; Oils

The reference study was performed to describe the trend and characteristics & studies related to dying and death of the elderly. The data were collected from 44 article in foreign literature. There results were as follows: 1. The research subjects related to the ares of dying and death of the elderly were death(death attitude, death anxiety), suicide, morbidity and mortality, dying(ethics at the end of life, right-to-die), and bereavement etc. 2. The selected studies were published in 24 health related Journal, including Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, American Journal of Psychiatry, Japanese Journal of Geriatrics, and International Psychogeriatrics, etc. 3. The published year of the article was between 1992 and 1996. 4. The frequently used research designs were survey, cohort study(retrospective study), records analysis, review, case studies and epidemiologic studies. 5. Questionnaires, medical records, interview, review, case studies, observation, and test were mainly used for the data collection for the selected studies.
Aged* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Bereavement ; Cohort Studies ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Geriatric Psychiatry ; Geriatrics ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Research Design ; Research Subjects ; Suicide ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify the association of compliance with sick role behavior with satisfaction of basic psychological needs, and to assess the influence of compliance with sick role behavior among hemodialysis patients. METHODS: Participants included 109 patients from outpatient dialysis clinics at 6 major general hospitals located in urban areas in Korea. Data for compliance with sick role behavior and basic psychological needs were collected through a self-reported questionnaire and was analyzed with independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson' correlation analysis, and multiple stepwise linear regression analysis. RESULTS: This study showed positive correlations between compliance with sick role behavior and satisfaction of basic psychological needs (r=0.59, P<0.001). The variables predicting compliance with sick role behavior were relatedness (beta=0.28), autonomy (beta=0.29), competency (beta=0.30), and age (beta=0.24). These variables accounted for 38.2% of the variance of compliance with sick role behavior in hemodialysis patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that it is necessary to improve compliance with sick role behaviorin order to increase satisfaction of basic psychological needs in hemodialysis patients.
Analysis of Variance ; Compliance ; Dialysis ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea ; Linear Models ; Outpatients ; Patient Compliance ; Personal Autonomy ; Renal Dialysis ; Sick Role

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting the constipation of the elderly at nursing homes. METHODS: A total of 184 elders at 7 nursing homes in P City participated. Information about constipation status (Constipation Assessment Scale), functional status (Katz' Activities of Daily Living), nutritional status (Mini-Nutritional Assessment), and depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form Korea version) were collected through interviews. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and t-test were used to describe and compare the non constipation group and the constipation group. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors affecting constipation status. RESULTS: The prevalence of constipation was 47.5% (Men 37%, women 51%). Elders suffering from a disease (P=.021) and having low sleep satisfaction (P=.000) were more likely to be constipated than those who did not. The factors affecting the constipation of the elderly at nursing homes were gender (OR=3.558), sleep satisfaction (OR=.580), and depressive symptoms (OR=1.132). CONCLUSION: According to the result, to reduce the constipation rate of old women at nursing homes, we have to develop guidelines that can solve problems related to constipation cause by sleep-satisfaction and depressive symptoms.
Aged* ; Constipation* ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Nursing Homes* ; Nutritional Status ; Prevalence

PURPOSE: The number of elders in institutions has increased as family supporting systems have changed in Korea. The purpose of this study were to understand the life satisfaction among elders in institutions and to identify the factors influencing on life satisfaction. METHODS: The instruments used were Yun(1982)'s scale modified Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale for Happiness(MUNSH) in life satisfaction, ADL and IADL in activity level, Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS) in depression and Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire(NSSQ) scale in social support. Also, Perceived health status was measured by Visual Graphic Rating Scale. The subject of this study is 107 cognitively intact and ambulatory elders in 7 institutions in Daegu city and Kyungpook province. The data have been collected from May 1 to June 30, 2001. For the analysis of collected data, frequency analysis, mean, standard deviation, Pearson's correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used for statistical analysis by SPSSwin(version 9.0) program. RESULTS: Life satisfaction for the elders in institutions showed negative correlation with SDS, and positive correlation with activity level. The regression form of the stepwise multiple regression analysis to investigate the influencing factors of life satisfaction for the elders in institutions was expressed by y = 90.988-0.733x1-0.188x2-0.069x3-0.565x4 (x1: SDS x2: Social support x3: Activity level x4: Monthly pocket Money) and 57.9% of varience in life satisfaction was explained by the model. CONCLUSION: The factors influencing on life satisfaction among the elders in institutions were SDS, social support, activity level and monthly pocket money. According to the results of this study, depression, social support and activity level are considered the prime causal factors for life satisfaction.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a lecture on oral presentation and to evaluate changes in anger expression, assertive behavior, and self-esteem after lecture on oral presentation. METHODS: The design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were university students in nursing, of which 17 were assigned to the experimental group and 15 to the control group. The education was carried out for 2 hours, once a week for 14 weeks. Data was analyzed with SPSS/WIN 14 program, and included chi-square test, independent t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA. RESULTS: Lecture on oral presentation showed significant differences in the changes of anger expression (F = 10.122, p = .003) and assertive behavior (F = 8.498, p = .007). CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that this lecture on oral presentation was effective in changing students' anger expression and assertive behavior. Therefore this lecture on oral presentation is recommended for inclusion in education for university students in nursing.
Anger* ; Education ; Humans ; Nursing ; Students, Nursing*

This research was performed to compare life satisfaction of the elderly in institutions and homes. The scores of life satisfaction were collected from 74 elders in 5 institutions and 71 elders at their homes in Daegu and Gyungbuk province during October 1st to December 1st, 1999. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The elders in institutions revealed lower scores in life satisfaction than the elders at homes, but not statistically significant. 2. In institutions, the general characteristics which affected life satisfaction was health status and monthly income. For elderly at home, the general characteristics which affected life satisfaction scores were educational level and health status. According to the result of this research, the health-care and economic support must be considered as main factors in the nursing strategy for the elders. The results should be considered carefully when applied to the entire older population because it was conducted on a segment of the elderly population in Korea. And various social activities and nursing programs for the aged are required.
Aged ; Daegu ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare self-care behaviors and depressive symptoms between the young old (65-74 yr) and the old-old (75-84 yr) in low-income women with hypertension. METHODS: This study used a descriptive research design. The subjects of this study were 136 elderly women over 65 yr living in D city. Data was collected from September to December 2007 through personal interviews using a questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using the SPSS WIN 12.0 Program. RESULTS: Self-care behaviors, functional status, and number of medications showed a significant difference between young elderly and middle elderly. There was a negative correlation between self-care behaviors and depressive symptoms. 52.2% of variance in self-care behaviors of young elderly and 76.8% of variance in self-care behaviors of middle elderly were explained by depressive symptoms, number of medications, and functional status. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to manage depressive symptoms to improve the self-care behaviors of low-income elderly with hypertension. Depressive symptoms need to be considered in planning hypertension programs for low-income elderly women.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; *Depression ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Hypertension/etiology/*psychology/therapy ; Interviews as Topic ; Questionnaires ; *Self Care ; Social Support ; Socioeconomic Factors

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate and compare health conservation and its related factors of elders in assisted living facilities or nursing homes. METHOD: Data for health conservation was collected from 316 elders in 10 institutions in Daegu city and Kyungpook province from February 1st to February 22nd, 2005. Data was collected by a structured questionnaire that included general characteristics, general health status, health conservation, functional health status (ADL, IADL) and depression (GDS-K) scales. The collected data was analyzed by the SPSS (version 11.5) program including descriptive statistics, t-test, -test, Pearson's correlation and stepwise method regression analysis. RESULT: The elders in assisted living facilities revealed lower scores in health conservation, ADL and IADL than the elders in nursing homes. Predictable variables influencing health conservation of the elders in assisted living facilities were depression and MAC (Mid-Arm Circumference) that is equal to .270, and the the elders in nursing home were depression, IADL, degree of sleep, and TSF (Triceps Skin Fold) that is equal to .409. CONCLUSION: The development of a health conservation program and long-term health care service system for elders in assisted living facilities are needed than for the elders in nursing homes.
*Quality of Health Care ; *Nursing Homes ; Male ; Korea ; Humans ; *Homes for the Aged ; *Health Status ; Female ; *Assisted Living Facilities ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aged

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop an environmental education program using newspaper articles in education (NIE) and to evaluate changes in concern and practice for environmental protection after NIE. METHODS: The design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were university students in nursing, of which 31 were assigned to the experimental group and 43 to the control group. The education was carried out for 2 hr, once a week for 7 weeks. Data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 14 program, and included chi-square test, independent t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA. RESULTS: NIE showed significant differences in the changes of attitude toward environment (F=4.461, p=.036). CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that this NIE in environmental education was effective in changing students' attitudes toward the environment. Therefore this NIE is recommended for inclusion in education for university students in nursing.
Adult ; Attitude ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate ; *Environmental Pollution ; Humans ; *Newspapers ; Students, Nursing/psychology