Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a medical disorder characterized by a complex disorder of renal resistance to parathyroid hormone and the mechanism underlying the disease is still unclear. The authors described two cases of pseudohypoparathyroidism in sibling,who had metabolic anomalies(hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, high circulatin immunoreactive PTH)and basal ganglia calcification. Bilateral basal ganglia calcifications, which was not visible on plain skull film, was detected by CT scan of brain MRI. We report these cases with a review of related literatures.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Humans ; Hyperphosphatemia ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Pseudohypoparathyroidism* ; Siblings* ; Skull ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Brain Stem* ; Hyperthyroidism* ; Spinocerebellar Degenerations*

No abstract available.
Diphtheria ; Polyneuropathies*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Epithelium* ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea* ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular* ; Rats*

BACKGROUD: Fatigue is one of the most common problems encountered in family practice but its diagnosis and management are neither standardized nor simphfied. This basehne study was conducted to find out the clinical characteristics, dinical courses, and outcomes of fatigued patients. METHODS: This study included 163 fatigued patients who visited a department of a university hospital based family practice due to fatigue as their primary or secondary complaint. We dassified fatigue which persisted for more than 6 months as acute fatigue, less than 6 months as acute fatigue. Retrospective review of medical record was used to collect all rehted dinical characteristics and telephone interview was done to follow the course and outcomes of fatigue. RESULTS: Of the total 163 fatigued patients, 105 patients(64.4%) were men. Fifty two patients(31.9 %) visited the dinic for complete health check up due to fatigue. The rate of response to telephone interview was 62.6%. Fifty five patients(33.7%) were acute fatigue, 75 patients(46.0%) chronic fatigue, and 33 patients (20.2%) unknown duration of fatigue. Accordirg to the causes of fatigue, 11.7% of patients corresponded to organic cause, 60.7% psychiatric cause, 27.6% unknown cause. Specified organic causes of fatigue, chronic hepatitis was the most common disease followed by alcohol liver disease, arthritis, anemia, viral syndrome and hyperthyroidism As psychiatric causes af fatigue, stress was the most common cause followed by overwork, alcohol abuse, depression, and anxiety. Reassurance and observation(71.8%), drug tberapy(17.8%) were the mast common treatments. Those who felt their function decreased below 50% were 7.6% of total 102 patients. On the survival analysis, 58.2% of acute fatigue patients, 62.4% of chronic fatigue patients, 67.0% of unknown patients had fatigue for 2 years since the initial visit. CONCLUSIONS: As the cause af fatigue in a family practice, psychiatric causes were more frequent than organic causes. As psychiatric causes of fatigue, stress was the most common cause followed by overwork and alcohol abuse. Only one third of the fatigued patients had improved two years later.
Alcoholism ; Anemia ; Anxiety ; Arthritis ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Family Practice* ; Fatigue ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Interviews as Topic ; Korea* ; Liver Diseases ; Male ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The etiologies and frequencies of cerebellar ataxias vary between countries. Our primary aim was to determine the frequency of each diagnostic group of cerebellar ataxia patients in a Korean population. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of patients who were being followed up between November 1994 and February 2016. We divided patients with cerebellar ataxias into familial and non-familial groups and analyzed the frequency of each etiology. Finally, we categorized patients into genetic, sporadic, secondary, and suspected genetic, but undetermined ataxia. RESULTS: A total of 820 patients were included in the study, among whom 136 (16.6%) familial patients and 684 (83.4%) non-familial cases were identified. Genetic diagnoses confirmed 98/136 (72%) familial and 72/684 (11%) nonfamilial patients. The overall etiologies of progressive ataxias comprised 170 (20.7%) genetic, 516 (62.9%) sporadic, 43 (5.2%) secondary, and 91 (11.1%) undetermined ataxia. The most common cause of ataxia was multiple-system atrophy (57.3%). In the genetic group, the most common etiology was spinocerebellar ataxia (152/170, 89.4%) and the most common subtype was spinocerebellar ataxia-3.38 of 136 familial and 53 of 684 sporadic cases (91/820, 11.1%) were undetermined ataxia. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest epidemiological study to analyze the frequencies of various cerebellar ataxias in a Korean population based on the large database of a tertiary hospital movement-disorders clinic in South Korea. These data would be helpful for clinicians in constructing diagnostic strategies and counseling for patients with cerebellar ataxias.
Ataxia ; Atrophy ; Cerebellar Ataxia* ; Counseling ; Diagnosis ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Friedreich Ataxia ; Humans ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Spinocerebellar Ataxias ; Tertiary Care Centers

PURPOSE: Free radicals are defined as any species capable of independent existence that contains one or more unpaired electrons and they have the effects on carcinogenesis and tumor progression by causing mutations on genetic structure or suppressing repair of mutated DNA. This study was aimed to identify changes of antioxidant capacity in carcinogenesis and tumor progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: We studied the level of serum antioxidant capacity using ABTS technique for 34 CRC patients who were operated between July 1997 and January 1998 at department of surgery, Taegu Catholic Medical Center and compared with 38 persons who had normal value of liver function during the same period. RESULTS: CRC patients showed decreased serum antioxidant capacity level compared to that of control group (CRC male 1.23 0.15 mmol/L, CRC female 1.11 0.13 mmol/L, control male 1.40 0.15, control female 1.35 0.11 mmol/L). Changes of antioxidant capacity levels were not correlated with stages, even though the marginal difference between T-stages (T1/2 1.23 0.10 mmol/L, T3/4 1.16 0.15 mmol/L). CONCLUSIONS: Free radicals may be the causative agent of colorectal carcinogenesis and can be associated with early phase of carcinogenesis rather than tumor progression.
Carcinogenesis ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Daegu ; DNA ; Female ; Free Radicals ; Genetic Structures ; Humans ; Liver ; Male ; Reference Values

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is known to decrease the risk of a stroke and the mortality in patients with symptomatic severe carotid stenosis. However, CEAs are declined by many patients with cardiac or medical diseases, due to the high perioperative risks. This study was performed to evaluate the early clinical outcomes of carotid artery stenting (CAS) in high risk patients. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Between March 2001 an September 2002, 23 patients with severe carotid stenosis underwent a CAS, among them 19 with ineligible NASCET (North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial) criteria, or high cardiac risks, were included, and analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Eighteen of the 19 patients had NASCET ineligible criteria (unstable angina in 9, severe congestive heart failure in 1, end-stage renal disease in 2, intracranial atherosclerosis in 2 and unstable neurologic examination in 4). Fifteen patients had high risk cardiac diseases (unstable angina in 9, severe congestive heart failure in 1 and severe multi-vessel disease or left main coronary artery disease in 5). Thirteen patients had a history of a stroke. The perioperative risks, according to the Sundt criteria, were grade 3 in 15 and grade 4 in 4 patients. Eleven stenotic lesions of the left, and 8 of the right internal carotid arteries were stented with a 100% procedural success rate. The mean pre- and post-procedural diameters stenosis were 90+/-6% and 8+/-5%, respectively. One major and one minor stroke developed immediately after the CAS, but there were no periprocedural deaths. The other in-hospital complications included: acute renal failure in one patient and an access site hematoma in another patient. However, there was no periprocedural myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction or aggravation of heart failure. One patient died of an intracranial hemorrhage 3.5 months after the CAS. In the remaining patients there were no recurrences or new strokes. CONCLUSION: Carotid artery stenting should be considered as the treatment of choice in high-risk patients with severe carotid stenosis.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Carotid Arteries* ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Carotid Stenosis ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Endarterectomy, Carotid ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Failure ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Intracranial Arteriosclerosis ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Neurologic Examination ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents* ; Stroke

We report here on an uncommon case of peliosis hepatis with hemorrhagic necrosis that was complicated by massive intrahepatic bleeding and rupture, and treated by emergent right lobectomy. We demonstrate the imaging findings, with emphasis on the triphasic, contrast-enhanced multidetector CT findings, as well as reporting the clinical outcome in a case of peliosis hepatis with fatal hemorrhage.
Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*methods ; Rupture ; Peliosis Hepatis/complications/*radiography/surgery ; Necrosis ; Humans ; Hemorrhage/etiology/*radiography/surgery ; Female ; Adult

This study was designed to identify and characterize Na+ -activated K+ current (I(K(Na))) in guinea pig gastric myocytes under whole-cell patch clamp. After whole-cell configuration was established under 110 mM intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i) at holding potential of -60 mV, a large inward current was produced by external 60 mM K+([K+] degree). This inward current was not affected by removal of external Ca2+. K+ channel blockers had little effects on the current (p>0.05). Only TEA (5 mM) inhibited steady-state current to 68+/-2.7% of the control (p<0.05). In the presence of K+ channel blocker cocktail (mixture of Ba2+, glibenclamide, 4-AP, apamin, quinidine and TEA), a large inward current was activated. However, the amplitude of the steadystate current produced under [K+]degree (140 mM) was significantly smaller when Na+ in pipette solution was replaced with K+ - and Li+ in the presence of K+ channel blocker cocktail than under 110 mM [Na+]i. In the presence of K+ channel blocker cocktail under low Cl- pipette solution, this current was still activated and seemed K+ -selective, since reversal potentials (E(rev)) of various concentrations of [K+]degree-induced current in current/voltage (I/V) relationship were nearly identical to expected values. R-56865 (10-20 microgram), a blocker of IK(Na), completely and reversibly inhibited this current. The characteristics of the current coincide with those of IK(Na) of other cells. Our results indicate the presence of IK(Na) in guinea pig gastric myocytes.
Tetraethylammonium Compounds/pharmacology ; Stomach/*physiology ; Sodium/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Potassium Channels/*physiology ; Potassium Channel Blockers/pharmacology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Male ; Guinea Pigs ; Female ; Chlorides/pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Animals