No abstract available.

No abstract available.

A 36-year-old man was brought unconscious to the emergency room; he suffered anoxic brain damage due to carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication, and had decerebrate rigidity clinically and died 1 month later after the acute insult. Computed tomography with contrast enhancement failed to show a brainstem lesion but the brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) demonstrated the brainstem involvement. The BAEP can be used as an objective diagnostic aid for evaluating brainstem lesions in CO intoxication.
Adult ; Brain Stem/physiopathology* ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/physiopathology* ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory* ; Human ; Male

Electrodiagnostic studies were carried out in 4 patients with neurological complications of acute hemorrhatic conjunctivitis at Severance Hospital on 1983. Both motor and sensory nerve conduction studies were normal even in the involved limbs. The electromyography, however, reveals denervation potentials and neuropathic MUPs. The somatosensory evoked potentials taken in median nerve stimulated at the wrist and peroneal nerve stimulated around the knee showed normal latencies, shapes and amplitudes almost symmetrically.
Adult* ; Conjunctivitis ; Conjunctivitis, Acute Hemorrhagic* ; Denervation ; Electromyography ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory* ; Extremities ; Humans ; Knee ; Median Nerve ; Neural Conduction ; Peroneal Nerve ; Wrist

Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a medical disorder characterized by a complex disorder of renal resistance to parathyroid hormone and the mechanism underlying the disease is still unclear. The authors described two cases of pseudohypoparathyroidism in sibling,who had metabolic anomalies(hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, high circulatin immunoreactive PTH)and basal ganglia calcification. Bilateral basal ganglia calcifications, which was not visible on plain skull film, was detected by CT scan of brain MRI. We report these cases with a review of related literatures.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Humans ; Hyperphosphatemia ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Pseudohypoparathyroidism* ; Siblings* ; Skull ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Dyskeratosis Congenita*

Ultrasonographic findings in 34 cases of primary hepatoma, and 18 cases of secondary hepatoma, which had been proved histopathologically or suspected clinically and ultrasonographically, were reviewed. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Among 52 cases, 40 cases were male and 12 cases were female. The male predominent than the female with the ratio of 4:1. In 52 cases, 40 cases (77%) of the patients were between 41 years and 60 years.2. The most common ultrasonographic finding of hepatoma was discrete homogeneous hyperechoic mass. 3. Primaryhepatomas were usually solitary and relatively large, while secondary hepatomas were usually multiple andrelatively small. 4. Hepatitis, liver cirrhsis, and clonorchiasis were more common in primary hepatomas than secondary hepatomas.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Clonorchiasis ; Female ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Liver ; Male

Intracerebral metastases are among the most feared complication of systemic malignant disease and most occur late in the course of the systemic cancer so often are viewed as a terminal maifestation for which diagnosis and treatment are neigher required nor desirable. However, this situation is changing. Improved survival rates with many kinds of cancer have led increasingly to instances where the neurologic complications themselves limit the quality of life, forcing physicians to assume a more active attitude toward the diagnosis and treatment of the neurologic disorder. The authors analysed 125 cases of intracerebral metastatic tumors which are diagnosed with the brain CT scan at Yonsei University, Severance Hospital from January, 1979 to December, 1984 and following results were obtained. 1. Intracerebral metastatic tumors are found in 125 cases(31.2%) of all intracranial neoplasm. 2. The most common primary tumor is lung ca. (50.4%) followed by chorioca. (8%), breast ca. (8%) and GI tract ca. (6.4%) in the order while 16 casese (12.8%) were of unknown primary tumor. 3. Chorioca. (14.9%), melanoma(5.6%), lung ca.(4.2%), kidney ca.(3.3%) and breast ca.(2.3%) exhibit relatively high rate of intracerebral metastasis in the order whereas stomach ca.(0.2%), hepatoma (0.3%) and cervix ca (0.1%), which constitute most common primary maliqnancies in Korea, revealed very low rate of intracerebral metastasis. 4. The youngest patient was 11 years old and the oldest 80. Most intracerebral metastatic tumors, 97%, occur above 30 years of age and peak in the 6th decade (32%). In age below 40, chorioca. Is the most common pimary tumor and the age above 40, lung ca. 5. There is no sexual difference between male and female. In male most conmon primary site is lung (64.6%) followed by GI tract(7.7%)and in female, lung (35%), chorioca. (16.7%) in the order. 6. The most common presenting symptom and sign is headache (58.4%) followed by motor deficit (48.0%), mental deterioration (43.2%) and nausea or vomiting (32.8%). 7. In most of intracerebral metastases the onset is gradual with duration of less than 3 months in 84% whereas in a few patients, 8 cases (6.4%), the onset is apoplectic and the primary sites that revealed apoplectic onset are lun. (3 cases), chorioca. (3 cases), liver (3 cases), unknown (1 cases). 8. Intracerebral metastases are detected simultaneously (50.5%), precociously (3.7%) or after (45.9%) diagnosis of the primary tumor. 9. Average interval between the diagnosis of primary tumor and development of intracerebral metastasis is 9.1 months in total and short in lung, stomach, kidney and liver cancer whereas and long in breast, rectum cancer and sarcoma. 10. In 96 cases who can be reevaluated with brain CT, the findings are as follows; 1) Metastatic lesions are multiple in 67.7% and single in 32.3%. 2) Most intracerebral metastases are located supratentorially (77.%), in 4.2%; infratentorially and in 18.8%; both. 3) Density of lesions are variable from hypodense to hyperdense and intracerebral metastases from chorioca., breast, kidney and nasopharynx ca. Are likely to iso to hyper than hypodense. Calcifications are rare and observed only in 2 cases (2%). 4) Most cases (98.5%) reveal perifocal edema of variable degree while a few patients (11.5%) reveal no edema. 5) Most metastatic lesions demonstrate variable contrast enhancement with nodular type (52.1%), rign type (25.0%), combined (15.6%) and a few patients (7.3%) fail to enhance. 6) Hemorrhages are found in 11 cases (11.5%) and chorioca. (4 cases), hepatoma 3 cases) and lung ca, (3 cases) are the most frequent offenders. 11. Radiation, surgery and chemotherapy seems to improve the prognosis.
Brain ; Brain Neoplasms ; Breast ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cervix Uteri ; Child ; Criminals ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Edema ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Headache ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Kidney ; Korea ; Liver ; Liver Neoplasms ; Lung ; Male ; Nasopharynx ; Nausea ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms, Unknown Primary ; Nervous System Diseases ; Prognosis ; Quality of Life ; Rectal Neoplasms ; Sarcoma ; Stomach ; Survival Rate ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vomiting

To evaluate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in IFN-gamma production and apoptosis of splenocytes in genetically different strains of mice with toxoplasmosis, BALB/c (a toxoplasmosis resistant strain) and C57BL/6 (a toxoplasmosis susceptible strain) mice were infected with Toxoplasma gondii cysts orally and subsequently injected intraperitoneally with aminoguanidine, an iNOS inhibitor (AG; 35 mg/kg per mouse daily for 14 days). When BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice were infected with T. gondii without AG treatment, number of brain cysts, NO and IFN-gamma production by splenocytes, and percentages of apoptotic splenocytes were increased compared to uninfected control mice without AG treatment. AG treatment increased the number of brain cysts, and reduced NO and IFN-gamma production in T. gondii-infected C57BL/6 mice. In contrast, in T. gondii-infected BABL/c mice, the number of brain cysts, and NO and IFN-gamma production of splenocytes was not altered by treatment with AG. However, the percentages of apoptotic splenocytes in T. gondii-infected BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice were not affected by AG treatment. These results suggest that NO modulates IFN-gamma production in T. gondii-infected C57BL/6 mice, and that NO is involved in mediating a protective response in toxoplasmosis susceptible, but not resistant, mice strain during acute infection.
Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects/*immunology ; Comparative Study ; Female ; Guanidines/*pharmacology ; Interferon Type II/*biosynthesis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nitric Oxide/*biosynthesis ; Nitric-Oxide Synthase/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Species Specificity ; Spleen/immunology ; Toxoplasmosis, Animal/*immunology

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a rare hereditary disorder and becomes clinically apparent during adolescence or in childhood and progresses s1owly throughout the adult years with a variability in the severity of expression. We experienced 3 cases of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Cases 1 and 2, which were pure HSP, had only the signs and symptoms of corticospinal tract involvement with the positive family history, and case 3, which was a complicated case of HSP, had distal muscle wasting, dysarthria, signs and symptoms of the corticospinal tracts, and a positive family history. All are thought to be inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.
Adult ; Female ; Human ; Male ; Middle Age ; Muscle Spasticity/genetics ; Paraplegia/genetics*