The VATER syndrome is a group of congenital anomalies with a nonrandom tendency for concurrence. Defects include vertebral, anorectal malformation, tracheoesophageal fisutla with esophageal atresia, radial-limb, vascular, and renal abnormalities. The critical period of organogenesis is at or before the sixth or seventh week of gestation. We experienced one case of VATER syndrome in a 1 day old male neonate having vertebral anomalies, esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula to the distal esophageal segment, imperforated anus, left renal dysplasia with hydronephrosis of the right kidney and both hydroureter, patent ductus arteriosus. We report a case of VATER syndrome with brief review of related literature.
Anal Canal ; Critical Period (Psychology) ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Esophageal Atresia ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney ; Male ; Organogenesis ; Pregnancy ; Tracheoesophageal Fistula

No abstract available.
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Risk Factors*

No abstract available.
Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic*

No abstract available.
Extremities* ; Osteogenesis* ; Ultrasonography*

The objective of this study was to determine the overall conditions related to family meals-including perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors-among elementary school children. The data were collected from 464 male and female students attending elementary schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do in December 2006 to February 2007, using self-administered questionnaires. The results were as follows: 77.7% of the students regarded family meals as meals eaten with all family members living together in a household. With regard to the frequency of family meals, 40.9% of the students reported that they ate with their family 'more than once per day'. 74.7% of the students reported that they enjoyed family meals because mealtime is a time to talk with other family members. When the degree of satisfaction with life was evaluated using a Likert scale (strongly satisfied-5 points, strongly unsatisfied-1 point), the results showed a significantly higher level of satisfaction with their daily lives, health, nutritious conditions, and family care. Students had more positive psychological feelings as the frequency of family meals increases. Likewise, the groups who frequently ate family meals scored higher in positive attitudes and behaviors toward family meals, thereby implying that the consumption of family meals is associated with the promotion of familial relationships, psychological stability, and positive thinking in children. These findings indicate that attention should be directed toward increasing the frequency of family meals and creating a positive family meal environment.
Child ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meals ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Thinking

The objective of this study was to determine the overall conditions related to family meals-including perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors-among elementary school children. The data were collected from 464 male and female students attending elementary schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do in December 2006 to February 2007, using self-administered questionnaires. The results were as follows: 77.7% of the students regarded family meals as meals eaten with all family members living together in a household. With regard to the frequency of family meals, 40.9% of the students reported that they ate with their family 'more than once per day'. 74.7% of the students reported that they enjoyed family meals because mealtime is a time to talk with other family members. When the degree of satisfaction with life was evaluated using a Likert scale (strongly satisfied-5 points, strongly unsatisfied-1 point), the results showed a significantly higher level of satisfaction with their daily lives, health, nutritious conditions, and family care. Students had more positive psychological feelings as the frequency of family meals increases. Likewise, the groups who frequently ate family meals scored higher in positive attitudes and behaviors toward family meals, thereby implying that the consumption of family meals is associated with the promotion of familial relationships, psychological stability, and positive thinking in children. These findings indicate that attention should be directed toward increasing the frequency of family meals and creating a positive family meal environment.
Child ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meals ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Thinking

OBJECTIVE: Cranial nerve dysfunction is common after endovascular treatment of a cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula and sometimes this symptom persists. We reviewed the treatment outcomes of the patients with cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula and who were treated with endovascular technique, and we analyzed the characteristics of those patients who had cranial nerve palsy after treatment. METHODS: Between May 2003 and July 2010, 25 patients were treated by an endovascular technique at our institution. Their medical records were reviewed and we analyzed their data, including the clinical presentation, the neurological deficits, the radiographic features and the treatment outcomes. RESULTS: In our series, a total of 25 patients (28 cases) received endovascular treatment. There were four male patients and twenty one female patients with an age range of 26-78 years (mean age : 57.4 years). Complete occlusion was observed in nineteen cases (67.9%) and 5 cases (17.9%) showed near complete occlusion. Additional procedures were required for four cases with fistulas that were partially occluded by previous treatment. Twenty four patients (96%) showed improved symptoms during the follow up and only one patient suffered from persistent symptoms. Procedure-related complications were observed in 2 cases. New cranial nerve palsy was observed in four patients (16%) and two patients experienced aggravation of their existing cranial nerve palsy. One of them had persistent deficits at the final follow up. CONCLUSION: Sufficient occlusion and avoidance of over-compaction of coils are important to prevent cranial nerve palsy when performing endovascular treatment of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas.
Cavernous Sinus ; Caves ; Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations ; Cranial Nerve Diseases ; Cranial Nerves ; Endovascular Procedures ; Female ; Fistula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: To reduce surgical stress, fentanyl is frequently used for neurosurgical procedure where focal and/or global ischemia may occur. However, the effect of fentanyl on the cytokine level during ischemia/reperfusion is still uncertain. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of fentanyl infusion on the proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, levels during global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats using the intracerebral microdialysis technique. METHODS: Forty male S-D rats weighing 280 320 g were randomly assigned to four groups. Group 1: no fentanyl infusion and only I/R, Group 2: 1.5 ng/ml of fentanyl infusion during I/R, Group 3: 3.0 ng/ml of fentanyl infusion during I/R (n = 10 in each group). Rats were anesthetized with a intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital (50 mg/kg), intubated and ventilated with room air using an animal ventilator. Two femoral arteries and one femoral vein were cannulated with PE-50 tubing for hemorrhagic hypotension, drug infusion and hydration. Both carotid arteries were dissected and a sling was placed for brain ischemia. The head was fixed on a stereotaxic device and a small burrhole was made for probe insertion. A CMA-12 probe was inserted into the left hippocampal CA-1 region according to the guidelines. Artificial CSF was run from the inserted microdialysis probe and infused with or without fentanyl at 3 microliter/min using a microinjection syringe pump during I/R. Ischemia was induced by clamping the carotid arteries while hemorrhagic hypotension for 17 min via the femoral artery and reperfusion were accomplished by the unclamping of the sling and reinfusing the blood via the femoral artery. Nasopharyngeal and rectal temperatures were maintained within the normal range during the whole procedure. After 2 hours of stabilization, the microdialysate was collected every 17 min just before (control) and during I/R and stored at 80oC until analysis using HPLC. RESULTS: During global I/R, TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta significantly increased at reperfusion (R5) compared to the control value (P < 0.05). However, in both cases of fentanyl infusion, TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta did not increase compared to the control value. CONCLUSIONS: Fentanyl inhibited the increase of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta levels during global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats.
Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; Carotid Arteries ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Constriction ; Femoral Artery ; Femoral Vein ; Fentanyl* ; Head ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Interleukin-1beta ; Ischemia ; Male ; Microdialysis ; Microinjections ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Pentobarbital ; Rats* ; Reference Values ; Reperfusion ; Syringes ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha* ; Ventilators, Mechanical

Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis(NEH) is a self-limited inflammatory dermatosis primarily induced by chemotherapeutic agents. The pathogenesis and possible cause of NEH remain unknown. NEH may represent as a reaction pattern to chemotherapeutic agents or bacterial infection. Also it is developed on palmoplantar areas in healthy children or young adults. In some cases it is developed as a paraneoplastic phenomenon. We report a case of neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis that developed in a patient suffering from aplastic anemia after or during treatment with cyclosporine, oxymetholone and folic acid.
Anemia, Aplastic ; Bacterial Infections ; Child ; Cyclosporine ; Folic Acid ; Hidradenitis* ; Humans ; Neutrophils* ; Oxymetholone ; Skin Diseases ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: There are also few studies demonstrating the relationship between ossification of nuchal ligament (ONL) and ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). We compared the prevalence, location, and type of OPLL between patients with ONL and matched patients without ONL.We also compared the bone mineral densities (BMDs) between the 2 groups. METHODS: total of 124 cervical ONL patients were enrolled in this study. The control group of 124 patients was matched with 124 patients with ONL by age and sex on a 1:1 basis to minimize confounding factors. We reviewed the prevalence, location, and type of OPLL in both groups. RESULTS: The prevalence of OPLL was almost 2.5 times greater in patients with ONL than those without ONL. The mean value of BMD in patients with ONL was greater at the lumbar spine (L1-L4) than in patients without ONL. The mean T score of the lumbar spine was 0.25±1.68 in the patients with ONL and -0.73±1.64 in the patients without ONL. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of OPLL in patients with ONL was significantly higher than in patients without ONL. Because ONL is innocuous and may be seen more readily than OPLL on simple cervical radiographs, clinicians should consider the possibility of coexisting OPLL when ONL, especially extensive ONL, is detected in patients with neck pain, radiculopathy, or myelopathy, to facilitate proper treatment.
Bone Density* ; Humans ; Ligaments* ; Neck Pain ; Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament* ; Prevalence* ; Radiculopathy ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; Spine