The authors performed combined trabeculectomy-cataract extraction on eyes of 8 patients with coexisting glaucoma and cataract. Posterior chamber lens implantation was performed in 2 of 9 eyes. The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 12 months. Visual acuity was improved in 8 eyes. The mean intraocular pressure was reduced by approximately 53%, from 28 mmHg preoperatively to 13 mmHg postoperatively. No medications were required in 6 of the 8 eyes, but 2 needed one medication for adequate control of intraocular pressure, postoperatively. No greater incidence of complications were evident with the combined procedure, from that expected with routine cataract extraction or trabeculectomy alone.
Cataract Extraction* ; Cataract* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intraocular Pressure ; Trabeculectomy ; Visual Acuity

The authors report four cases of ependymal cysts. Among the benign cystic lesions of neuroepithelial origin, ependymal cysts have been reportedly located in the cerebral parenchyme. This usually become symptomatic after 40 years of age, although it is generally thought to be congenital in origin. Symptomatic cases have been treated effectively with resection of the cyst or shunting procedures. Stereotactic removal of the cyst was also a good alternative as management in the authors' cases. Differential diagnosis is mandatory with other benign intraparenchymal cystic diseases.
Diagnosis, Differential

No abstract available.
Epidermal Cyst

PURPOSE: We analyzed time series changes in cataract surgeries in Korea, and provide basic data to enhance the efficiency of medical services for cataract surgery. METHODS: Among cataract surgery statistics registered in the Korean National Health Insurance Cooperation from 2006 to 2012, we used data regarding the number of patients and operations and the number of patients and operations per 100,000 people. We analyzed various time series changes, including differences by sex and age. RESULTS: The total numbers of patients from 2006 to 2012 by year were 207,370; 228,170; 250,289; 268,548; 289,867; 308,111; and 302,182, respectively. The total numbers of operations from 2006 to 2012 by year were 272,920; 305,807; 338,332; 365,874; 398,338; 428,158; and 420,905, respectively. The number of patients and operations per 100,000 people were highest in men 80 to 84 years old and women 75 to 79 years old. Comparing the number of operations in 2006 and after, the patient age group with the highest increase rate changed from over 85 years old to 75–79 years old since 2010 in men and from over 85 years old to 50–54 years old since 2009 in women. For each year investigated, the number of operations performed was higher than the number of patients who received operations. CONCLUSIONS: Over the study period, the number of cataract surgeries increased, while the age of cataract patients decreased. Additionally, the number of cataract-related surgeries increased in relation to the number of patients.
Cataract Extraction ; Cataract* ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; National Health Programs

PURPOSE: To report polymicrobial keratitis involving Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Ochrobactrum anthropi. CASE SUMMARY: A 53-year-old female complained of pain and secretion in her right eye, which started 6 weeks before her visit. She applied steroid ointment, which was received from the dermatologist, to her eyelid 7 days prior to her visit but this treatment worsened her symptoms. At the initial visit, the visual acuity of the right eye was light perception, and purulent secretions were observed. Using a slit lamp, severe conjunctival hyperemia, hypopyon, and a ring-shaped central corneal ulcer were observed. The anterior chamber and fundus were not observed due to corneal lesions but ultrasonography showed no intraocular inflammation. Infectious keratitis was suspected and cultured by corneal scraping. During the incubation period, 0.5% moxifloxacin, 2% voriconazole, and 1% cyclopentolate were administered. A total of 400 mg of moxifloxacin and 100 mg of doxycycline were given orally. In the primary culture, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were identified so 5% ceftazidime, which was sensitive for the antibiotic susceptibility results was further instilled. Thereafter, the keratitis improved but the keratitis again worsened while maintaining the topical treatment. A secondary culture was positive for Ochrobactrum anthropi. Treatment with 1.4% gentamicin, which was sensitive for the antibiotic susceptibility test was added and the keratitis improved. A conjunctival flap was performed because of the increased risk of perforation. CONCLUSIONS: We report polymicrobial keratitis involving Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Ochrobactrum anthropi for the first time in the Republic of Korea.
Acinetobacter baumannii ; Acinetobacter ; Anterior Chamber ; Ceftazidime ; Corneal Ulcer ; Cyclopentolate ; Doxycycline ; Eyelids ; Female ; Gentamicins ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Inflammation ; Keratitis ; Middle Aged ; Ochrobactrum anthropi ; Ochrobactrum ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Pseudomonas ; Republic of Korea ; Slit Lamp ; Ultrasonography ; Visual Acuity ; Voriconazole

Anomalous unilateral single pulmonary vein is a rare abnormality of the pulmonary venous system characterized by a tortuous pulmonary venous confluence which never crosses the diaphragm and drains all arterialized blood from a lung to the left atrium, into which it normally flows. Cardiac and pulmonary anomalies are not associated. We report a case in which this condition was comfirmed by the findings of chest radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance angiography.
Diaphragm ; Heart Atria ; Lung ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Pulmonary Veins* ; Radiography ; Thorax

PURPOSE: We report a case of orbital apex syndrome associated with ocular ischemic syndrome after unenventful cataract surgery. CASE SUMMARY: A 74-year-old female came to our clinic with vision loss, ptosis, total ophthalmoplegia and ocular pain in the left eye after cataract surgery. On radiologic examination, diffuse hypertrophy of the extraocular muscles and a crowded orbital apex were observed. Additionally, the arm to retina and choroidal filling times were delayed on fluorescence angiography. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with ocular ischemia complicated by orbital apex syndrome. After prompt pulse steroid therapy, improvement in extraocular muscle and pupil movement, ptosis and proptosis were observed; however, visual acuity failed to return to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: We report a rare case of orbital apex syndrome associated with ocular ischemic syndrome after cataract surgery, indicating the orbital apex syndrome may occur in healthy patients after uneventful cataract surgery.
Aged ; Arm ; Cataract ; Choroid ; Exophthalmos ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Ischemia ; Muscles ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Orbit* ; Phacoemulsification* ; Pupil ; Retina ; Visual Acuity

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease reported to account for 1% of all cancers and 10% of hematological malignant diseases. Unlike other malignant diseases that are transferred to the osseous tissues, MM does not show new bone formation, is associated with characteristic osteolytic lesions, and shows monoclonal protein (M-protein) on the immunohematological test, which is an important index in its diagnosis. Solitary lesions of MM are rare in the head and neck area, and, in most cases, MM of the head and neck area is related to systemic sympomts.
Head ; Multiple Myeloma ; Neck ; Osteogenesis ; Plasma Cells ; Plasmacytoma

OBJECTIVES: To assess the inadvertent intraocular retention of perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) after vitreoretinal surgery and their complications. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 108 patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgeries using intraoperative PFCL (perfluoro-n-octane (C8F18), 0.69 centistoke at 25degrees C, PERFLUORN(R), Alcon, USA) and the removal of PFCL through fluid-air exchange. The analysis was focused on the occurrence of intraocular retained PFCL, diagnoses,surgicalprocedures,andcomplications. RESULTS: Retinal detachment (51 cases, 47%) was the most common surgery which used PFCL intraoperatively. Other causes were vitreous hemorrhage (24 cases, 22%), posteriorly dislocated lens (22 cases, 21%), and trauma (11 cases, 10%). Intraocular PFCL was found in a total of 9 (8.3%) eyes. PFCL bubbles remained in anterior chamber and vitreous cavity were observed in 4 cases and subretinal retained PFCL was observed in 5 cases. Three of 5 cases of subretinal PFCL exhibited in subfoveal space. Among the three subfoveal cases, macular hole developed after PFCL removal in 1 case, epiretinal membrane in the area where had been PFCL bubble. However, we observed no complications in 1 case of subfoveal PFCL that was removed by surgery. PFCL in anterior chamber and vitreous cavity were in 4 cases. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of subfoveal PFCL might affect visual and anatomic outcomes. However, subfoveal PFCL may induce visual complications, and therefore requires special attention.
Anterior Chamber ; Epiretinal Membrane ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Perforations ; Retrospective Studies ; Vitrectomy* ; Vitreoretinal Surgery ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

Toxoplasma gondii has been shown to result in life-threatening encephalitis in immunocompromised patients after reactivation of dormant parasites. In order to obtain information on immune responses related to this phenomenon, BALB/c mice were infected with 25 cysts of the 76K strain of T. gondii, then, treated orally with dexamethasone (Toxo/Dexa-treated group) in order to reactivate the chronic toxoplasmosis. None of the T. gondii-infected mice died during the experimental periods, whereas the Toxo/Dexa-treated mice evidenced a significant attenuation of survival periods. Toxoplasma-specific IgG2a, IgA and IgM titers in sera were significantly depressed in the Toxo/Dexa-treated mice; however, the IgG1 sera titers were similar to those seen in the Toxoplasma-infected mice. The percentages of CD4+ and CD8 alpha + T cells in the Toxo/Dexa-treated mice were significantly reduced 2 weeks after dexamethasone treatment. IFN-gamma and IL-10 production levels in the Toxo/Dexa-treated mice were depressed significantly, whereas IL-4 production was increased temporarily. The expression levels of the Toxoplasma-specific P30 and B1 genes were found to have been increased in the Toxo/Dexa-treated mice in comparison with the Toxoplasmainfected mice. Collectively, the findings of this study demonstrate that reactivation of murine toxoplasmosis as the result of dexamethasone treatment induced a depression in Th1 immune responses, whereas Th2 immune responses were not significantly influenced.
Toxoplasmosis/*immunology/parasitology ; Toxoplasma/*immunology ; Th2 Cells/immunology ; Th1 Cells/immunology ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice ; Immunoglobulins/*biosynthesis/immunology ; Female ; Dexamethasone/*pharmacology ; Cytokines/*biosynthesis ; Antibodies, Protozoan/*biosynthesis/immunology ; Animals