No abstract available.
Spine* ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing*

The anterior discectomy is widely accepted method for removal of the herniated disc material of cervical spine due to direct visualization of the lesion site. In addition, it is believed to prevent recurrence of herniation, progression of degenerative change, and to preserve normal cervical lordosis after the fusion. For more effective anterior fusion and early postoperative ambulation without prolonged external support, internal fixation technique was introducsuspected to influence the result of operation, the type of bone graft and age of the patient may be the effective factors to the late result. ed. Authors reviewed 36 patients with cervical disc herniation and evaluated the result of anteior discectomy and fusion with plate fixation. With a mean follow up of 34 months, there were remarkable symptomatic improvement at most instances and bony union in situ within 3 months in all cases after the operation. Disclosed complications were 2 cases of hoarseness which was improved spontaneously, and 1 case of dysphagia. At the comparison of the effect of the factors which were suspected to influence the result of operation , the type of bone graft and age of the patient may be the effective factors to the late result.
Animals ; Deglutition Disorders ; Diskectomy* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hoarseness ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; Lordosis ; Recurrence ; Spine ; Transplants ; Walking

Osteochondroma is one of the most common benign tumor. But, intraarticular occurrence is very rare. This tumor have been thought not a true neoplasm hut a developmental malformation or harnartoma. The authors experienced a case of intaarticular osteochondroma arising from inferior pole of pateUa, projecting into the infrapatellar fat pad. The tumor was excised surgically, and symptoms were relieved.
Adipose Tissue ; Knee ; Osteochondroma* ; Patella*

Intracranial arachnoid cyst are becoming a more frequent finding as a result of the increased use of cranial computed tomography. But the best treatment of arachnoid cysts remains the subject of controversy. We report 46 cases of patients with arachnoid cyst. Thirty nine cases(84.7%) had supratentorial locations. The cases of 22 patients with mild symptoms and small cysts were treated with conservative management only. Surgical treatment was performed on 24 patients with severe or uncontrolled symptoms and large sized cysts. Surgery consisted of craniotomy and cyst excision with communication to basal cistern. Surgical results and long-term outcomes were good. However there was a one operative death due to acute subdural hematoma. It is, therefore conclued that surgical excision of arachnoid cyst with communication to basal cistern is one of the more effective methods of alternative treatment. And further studies of the natural history of conservative cases should be undertaken for a futher understanding.
Arachnoid Cysts ; Arachnoid* ; Craniotomy ; Hematoma, Subdural, Acute ; Humans ; Natural History

Segmental fractures of the clavicle are very rare. Therefore, to date, there has not been a clear, standardized method of management of segmental clavicle fractures. Herein, two patients with a segmental fracture are described: One patient was treated conservatively, while another patient was treated operatively. Both patients showed excellent results. We discuss the various management options with a literature review.
Clavicle* ; Humans ; Methods*

OBJECTIVE: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors may be useful in the management of cerebral vasospasm. It has not yet been reported whether L-type Ca2+ channels play a role in tyrosine kinase inhibitors-induced vascular relaxation of cerebral artery. This study was undertaken to clarify the role of L-type Ca2+ channels in tyrosine kinase inhibitors-induced vascular relaxation, and to investigate the effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on L-type Ca2+ channels currents in freshly isolated smooth muscle cells from rat basilar artery. METHODS: The isolation of rat basilar smooth muscle cells was performed by special techniques. The whole cell currents were recorded by whole cell patch clamp technique in freshly isolated smooth muscle cells from rat basilar artery. RESULTS: Patch clamp studies revealed a whole-cell current which resembles the L-type Ca2+ current reported by others. The amplitude of this current was decreased by nimodipine and increased by Bay K 8644. Genistein(n=5), tyrphostin A-23(n=3), A-25(n=6) 30micrometer reduced the amplitude of the L-type Ca2+ channel current in whole cell mode. In contrast, diadzein 30 micrometer (n=3), inactive analogue of genistein, did not decrease the amplitude of the L-type Ca2+ channels current. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as genistein, tyrphostin A-23, A-25 may relax cerebral vessel through decreasing level of intracellular calcium, [Ca2+]i, by inhibition of L-type Ca2+ channel.
3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester ; Animals ; Basilar Artery ; Calcium* ; Cerebral Arteries ; Genistein ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle* ; Nimodipine ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases* ; Rats* ; Relaxation ; Tyrosine* ; Vasospasm, Intracranial

OBJECTIVES: To analyze differences in health behaviors among the social strata in Korea by using the 1995 National Health and Health Behavior Survey Data. METHODS: Study participants numbered 2,352 men and 1,016 women aged between 15-64 years old, with housewives, students and non-waged family workers excluded. Health behaviors in this study were defined according to the recommendations of the Alameda 7 study. The measure of health behaviors was based on the Health Practices Index(HPI; 0-5 range, with the exclusion of snacking between meals and regularly eating breakfast) developed by the Alameda County research. The significance of the relationship between social strata and HPI was assessed by considering the adjusted means from the multi-variate model. RESULTS: For men, incidence rates of never having smoked, no/moderate use of alcohol, regular exercise, and regular 7-8 hours sleep per night were higher in the upper social strata. Meanwhile, for women, incidence rates of never having smoked, no/moderate use of alcohol, appropriate weight, regular exercise, and regular 7-8 hours sleep per night were higher in the upper strata. HPI varied significantly among social strata in both sexes (p<0.001), a result which held true when adjusted for age, education, income, social insurance type, marital status and region. CONCLUSIONS: Health behaviors assessed by Health Practices Index(HPI) varied significantly among social strata for both sexes. Therefore, the existing gap in health behaviors among social strata can be corrected more effectively by target oriented health promotional activities.
Eating ; Education ; Female ; Health Behavior* ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Male ; Marital Status ; Meals ; Smoke ; Snacks ; Social Security

PURPOSE: The symptoms and signs of urinary tract infection (UTI) in early infancy are non-specific. Prompt diagnosis of UTI is important, as untreated UTI results in renal damage. Especially, febrile UTI in young infants coexist with other serious bacterial infections. The purpose this study was to propose modified Rochester criteria to differentiate viral infection from urinary tract infection. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective investigation of 168 infants less than three months old with a tympanic temperature >38degrees C who were admitted to Chung-Ang University Hospital between 2011 and 2014. We compared the symptoms, physical examination results, and laboratory data between viral infection and UTI groups. A modified Rochester criterion was composed of statistically significant factors. RESULTS: A total of 76 and 92 infants with UTI and a viral infection, respectively, were included. Statistically significant differences in gender, previous admission history, neutrophil ratio, and urine WBC count were found between the two study groups. Using a cut off value of 3 points, the sensitivity and specificity of the modified Rochester criteria were 71.28% and 78.57%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The modified Rochester criteria may give an outline for identifying young infants with UTI.
Bacterial Infections ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant* ; Neutrophils ; Physical Examination ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

No abstract available.
Addison Disease*

BACKGROUND: The survival rate of grafted fat is difficult to predict, and repeated procedures are frequently required. In this study, the effects of the freezing period of harvested adipose tissue and the addition of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) on the process of fat absorption were studied. METHODS: Adipose tissue was obtained from patients who underwent a lipoaspirated fat graft. The fat tissue was cryopreserved at -20degrees C in a domestic refrigerator. A total of 40 nude mice were used. The mice in the experimental group received three different subcutaneous injections in the back: an injection of fresh fat and ASCs, an injection of fat that had been frozen for one month and ASCs, and an injection of fat that had been frozen for two months and ASCs. The control mice received fat grafts without ASCs. The mice were sacrificed at four or eight weeks after the procedure, and the grafted fat tissues were harvested. The extracted fat was evaluated using photographic analysis, volume measurements, and histological examination. RESULTS: In the control group, the fat resorption rates four weeks after transplantation in the grafts of fresh fat, fat that had been frozen for one month, and fat that had been frozen for two months were 21.14%, 22.46%, and 42.56%, respectively. In the experimental group, the corresponding resorption rates were 6.68%, 13.0%, and 33.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: ASCs can increase the fat graft survival rate. The use of ASCs in fat grafting can reduce the need for repeated fat grafts and provide good long term results.
Absorption ; Adipose Tissue ; Animals ; Cryopreservation ; Freezing ; Graft Survival ; Humans* ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Stem Cells* ; Survival Rate* ; Transplants