Herpes zoster is generally believed to be caused by the activation of varicella-zoster virus present in the body since an original infection with varicella. According to the thesis, the virus remairis in a latent state in the cells of the sensory ganglia until immunity has waned sufficiently to pezmit multiplication of the virus and clinical infection. There are a number of reports that in patient with malignant disease, especially Jymphoma, a frequenry af association of zoster is greater and severity of its symptom is increased to be marked contrast to the benign uneventful course of zoster seen in healthy person. The author observed one case of zoster seen in patient with malignant disorder, and frequency of association of zoster in malignant disease and its etiological factors are reviewed in the literature.
Chickenpox ; Ganglia, Sensory ; Herpes Zoster* ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin*

Grave's disease is an autoimmune disorder and affects thyroid gland and orbit. Ocular manifestations of this disease, referred to as Grave's ophthalmopathy are caused by deposition of antithyroglobulin immune complexes into extraocular muscles and orbital fats. Consequent increase in volume of orbital contents results in exopthalmos. Severe exopthalmos results in several significant visual consequences as follows: exposure keratitis, diplopia and optic neuropathy. Orbital decompression for Grave's ophthalmopathy has traditionally been performed through either an external or a transantral approach. The advent of intranasal endoscopes allowed for the development of a transnasal approach for medial and inferior orbital wall decompression. Recently, the authors experienced a case of Grave's ophthalmopathy complicated with exposure keratitis and performed endoscopic transnasal orbital decompression, so report this case with a review of literature.
Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Decompression* ; Diplopia ; Endoscopes ; Fats ; Keratitis ; Muscles ; Optic Nerve Diseases ; Orbit* ; Thyroid Gland

PURPOSE: The present study investigated the impact of 2 different suture techniques, the conventional crossed mattress suture (X suture) and the novel hidden X suture, for alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) with an open healing approach. METHODS: This study was a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Fourteen patients requiring extraction of the maxillary or mandibular posterior teeth were enrolled and allocated into 2 groups. After extraction, demineralized bovine bone matrix mixed with 10% collagen (DBBM-C) was grafted and the socket was covered by porcine collagen membrane in a double-layer fashion. No attempt to obtain primary closure was made. The hidden X suture and conventional X suture techniques were performed in the test and control groups, respectively. Cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images were taken immediately after the graft procedure and before implant surgery 4 months later. Additionally, the change in the mucogingival junction (MGJ) position was measured and was compared after extraction, after suturing, and 4 months after the operation. RESULTS: All sites healed without any complications. Clinical evaluations showed that the MGJ line shifted to the lingual side immediately after the application of the X suture by 1.56±0.90 mm in the control group, while the application of the hidden X suture rather pushed the MGJ line slightly to the buccal side by 0.25±0.66 mm. It was demonstrated that the amount of keratinized tissue (KT) preserved on the buccal side was significantly greater in the hidden X suture group 4 months after the procedure (P<0.05). Radiographic analysis showed that the hidden X suture had a significant effect in preserving horizontal width and minimizing vertical reduction in comparison to X suture (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study provided clinical and radiographic verification of the efficacy of the hidden X suture in preserving the width of KT and the dimensions of the alveolar ridge after ARP.
Alveolar Process* ; Bone Matrix ; Bone Regeneration ; Bone Resorption ; Collagen ; Humans ; Membranes ; Prospective Studies ; Suture Techniques* ; Sutures* ; Tooth ; Tooth Extraction ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Hemorrhoidectomy* ; Hemorrhoids* ; Ligation* ; Rubber*

No abstract available.
Fertilization in Vitro* ; Humans* ; Micromanipulation* ; Pregnancy Rate* ; Pregnancy*

The wrist joint is composed of midcarpal, radiocarpal and distal radioulnar joints. It is difficult to analyze the motion of these joints by the simple roentgenogram. We reconstructed three dimensional images of the wrist and distal radius from computerized tomogram using a new interactive graphics software written in Pascal and Turbo Graphic. There were 10 normal wrists in neutral position, and two normal and one abnormal wrists in ulnar-radial deviation and one normal wrist in flexion-extension were analyzed in this study. For simplification, the images were reformatted for the scaphoid, the proximal carpal row, the distal carpal row and the distal radius. We established the three dimensional references for wrist by defining the Z axis as the long axis of radius, the X axis as a line which is in horizontal plane and parallel to the anterior cortex of distal radius about 2 cm proximal to the articular surface and the Y axis as the automatically defined line perpendicular to both X and Z axes. We measured the angles between the X-axis and the reference lines of scaphoid and each carpal rows. The scaphoid was internally rotated by 60,0 degrees from X axis, the proximal carpal row by 7.0 degrees and the distal carpal row by 25.6 degrees each. There was only minimal change in the angles during the ulnar and radial deviation. The pattern of angles in abnormal wrist was different from those in normal wrists. In flexion-extension, the angle of distal carpal row was changed significantly, which means there was some error in selecting the reference line of distal carpal row as an axis of motion, or in measuring the angles, or it can be suggested that there is some rotational motion of distal carpal row on the Z axis. The proximal poles of the scaphoid and the triquetrum were displaced ventrally during flexion and dorsally during extension.
Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Joints ; Radius ; Wrist Joint ; Wrist

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of microthreads on removal torque and bone-to-implant contact (BIC). METHODS: Twelve miniature pigs for each experiment, a total of 24 animals, were used. In the removal torque analysis, each animal received 2 types of implants in each tibia, which were treated with sandblasting and acid etching but with or without microthreads at the marginal portion. The animals were sacrificed after 4, 8, or 12 weeks of healing. Each subgroup consisted of 4 animals, and the tibias were extracted and removal torque was measured. In the BIC analysis, each animal received 3 types of implants. Two types of implants were used for the removal torque test and another type of implant served as the control. The BIC experiment was conducted in the mandible of the animals. The P1-M1 teeth were extracted, and after a 4-month healing period, 3 each of the 2 types of implants were placed, with one type on each side of the mandible, for a total of 6 implants per animal. The animals were sacrificed after a 2-, 4-, or 8-week healing period. Each subgroup consisted of 4 animals. The mandibles were extracted, specimens were processed, and BIC was analyzed. RESULTS: No significant difference in removal torque value or BIC was found between implants with and without microthreads. The removal torque value increased between 4 and 8 weeks of healing for both types of implants, but there was no significant difference between 8 and 12 weeks. The percentage of BIC increased between 2 and 4 weeks for all types of implants, but there was no significant difference between 4 and 8 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The existence of microthreads was not a significant factor in mechanical and histological stability.
Animals ; Biomechanics ; Dental Implants ; Mandible ; Osseointegration ; Swine ; Tibia ; Tooth ; Torque

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colonic mucosa that characteristically affects the rectum and involves the large bowel in a contiguous distribution. Upper gastrointestinal inflammation was not believed to be present in UC, but a few recent studies have reported a high incidence of gastroduodenal inflammation in patients with UC, although such occurrences are apparently rare and the stomach and duodenum are not generally considered target organs in UC. Here, we present the case of a 29.year.old man with UC who was found to have diffuse ulcerative duodenitis with endoscopic and histologic features identical to UC
Colitis, Ulcerative ; Colon ; Duodenitis ; Duodenum ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inflammation ; Mucous Membrane ; Rectum ; Stomach ; Ulcer

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to know the applications and limitations of three dimensional volume rendering virtual endoscopy of the ossicles using a multi-row detector CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study examined 25 patients who underwent temporal bone CT using a 16-row detector CT as a result of hearing problems or trauma. The axial CT scan of the temporal bone was performed with a 0.6 mm collimation, and a reconstruction was carried out with a U70u Sharp of kernel value, a 1 mm thickness and 0.5-1.0 mm increments. After observing the ossicles in the axial and coronal images, virtual endoscopy was performed using a three dimensional volume rendering technique with a threshold value of -500 HU. The intra-operative otoendoscopy was performed in 12 ears, and was compared with the virtual endoscopy findings. RESULTS: Virtual endoscopy of the 29 ears without hearing problems demonstrated hypoplastic or an incomplete depiction of the stapes superstructures in 25 ears and a normal depiction in 4 ears. Virtual endoscopy of 21 ears with hearing problems demonstrated no ossicles in 1 ear, no malleus in 3 ears, a malleoincudal subluxation in 6 ears, a dysplastic incus in 5 ears, an incudostapedial subluxation in 9 ears, dysplastic stapes in 2 ears, a hypoplastic or incomplete depiction of the stapes in 16 ears and no stapes in 1 ear. In contrast to the intra-operative otoendoscopy, 8 out of 12 ears showed a hypoplastic or deformed stapes in the virtual endoscopy. CONCLUSION: Volume rendering virtual endoscopy using a multi-row detector CT is an excellent method for evaluation the ossicles in three dimension, even though the partial volume effect for the stapes superstructures needs to be considered.
Ear ; Endoscopy* ; Hearing ; Humans ; Incus ; Malleus ; Stapes ; Temporal Bone ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: To evaluate contrast enhancement patterns of hemangioma according to size, as seen during thearterial and portal venous phase of spiral CT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During a recent six month-period, 52patients with hemangiomas underwent two-phase spiral CT examination with 10mm collimation at 10mm/sec table speed,and with 100mL of contrast material(37g iodine) injected at a rate of 2.5 mL/sec. CT images of the hepaticarterial and portal venous phase were obtained with 30-second and 65-second delay, respectively. In 52 patients,82 hemangiomas were seen. The diameter of the tumors were as follows ; < or =10 mm(n=31), 11-20 mm(n=19), and> or =21mm(n=32). The enhancement patterns of tumors compared with attenuation of surrounding liver parenchyma weredivided into four types : peripheral high, uniform high, iso, and low. RESULTS: Overall, the most commonenhancement pattern was peripheral high(44/82, 53.7%), during the arterial and portal venous phase. The second andthird most common patterns were uniform high(11/82, 13.4%) and peripheral high-uniform high(9/82, 11.0%), alsoduring the arterial and portal venous phase. Sixty-one(74.4%) showed peripheral high attenuation andeleven(13.4%), uniform high attenuation, during the arterial and/or portal venous phase. In tumors smaller than20mm, low-low attenuation was seen in eight(9.8%), and iso-low attenuation in two(2.4%), during the arterial andportal venous phase, respectively. CONCLUSION: On two-phase spiral CT, the most common enhancement pattern ofhemangioma was peripheral high, seen during the arterial and portal venous phase. However, a small hemangioma lessthan 2 cm may show atypical patterns, including low and iso attenuation.
Hemangioma* ; Liver ; Tomography, Spiral Computed*