A 23-year-old woman visited our clinic for the evaluation of a small bean-sized mass in the right lower eyelid. She noticed a mass in the right lower eyelid 6 years ago. The mass was treated with incision and curettage under the impression of chalazion twice at the local clinic, but recurred soon after the operation. On examination, the visual acuity was 1.0 in both eyes. A firm, non-tender, smooth, movable and small bean-sized mass was palpable in the right lower eyelid. A white scar from the previous operation was seen on the palpebral conjunctiva of the right lower eyelid. The mass was excised through the conjunctiva. The histopathological diagnosis of the excised mass was benign mixed tumor. The patient was recommended of further radical excision. The pentagon-shaped excision of the right lower eyelid under frozen section control was done 2 weeks after the first operation. The patient is doing well as of now. The benign mixed tumor of the lower eyelid can arise from either ectopic lacrimal gland or accessory lacrimal gland.
Chalazion ; Cicatrix ; Conjunctiva ; Curettage ; Diagnosis ; Eyelids* ; Female ; Frozen Sections ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; Visual Acuity ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Vasovasostomy*

Ectopic pancreas is a rare congenital anomaly defined by the presence of pancreatic tissue that lacks anatomic and vascular continuity with the main body of the pancreas. A 11-year-old girl was admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine with the history of recurrent abdominal pain for 2 years. We performed fiberoptic endoscopy which showed a 1.5x1.5cm sized polypoid mass, and endoscopic polypectomy was performed. The diagnosis of ectopic pancreas of stomach was made by histologic examination which showed the normal gastric mucosa with the lobulated pancreatic tissue in the submucosa. The child did not have any recurrence of abdominal pain during follow-up period of one year after polypectomy. Ectopic pancreas of stomach is known to be very rare, and thus we report this case with the presentation of endoscopic and pathologic findings.
Abdominal Pain* ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastric Mucosa ; Humans ; Pancreas* ; Pediatrics ; Recurrence ; Stomach*

No abstract available.
Gestational Age* ; Intracranial Hemorrhages*

Clinical observations were made on 349 cases of acute drug intoxication who were visited to emergency room of Yeungnam University Hospital during recent 7 years from January 1984 to December 1990. The following results were obtained. 1) Total number of cases of acute drug intoxication was 349 which was 0.39% of the total patients of the emergency room during the same period. 2) The ratio of male to female was 1.1:1. The age incidence was highest in the third decade (26.7%). The monthly incidence was highest in May. Higher frequency was observed in summer season. 3) The most common drug of the intoxication was pesticides and herbicides (71.9%), the remainders were miscellaneous drugs (11.2%), sedatives (7.7%), rodenticides (6.3%) and unknown drug (3.2%) in orders. 4) The most common cause of drug intoxication was suicide (69.1%) and the others were accident, unknown cause, intention in orders. 5) Main clinical manifestations were the impairment of consciousness, nausea, vomiting and convulsion. Physical examination revealed increased pulses, increased blood pressure, miosis of the pupil and sweating. Above symptoms and signs were more prominent in pesticide intoxication. Leukocytosis, glycosuria and abnormal LFT were common findings in acute intoxications. 6) The complications were developed in 18.3% among 349 cases and the most common complication was respiratory failure, pneumonia, cardiovascular collapse and pulmonary edema in orders. 7) Overall mortality rate was 8.3% of total cases and mortality rate was highest in herbicide intoxication (22.2%).
Blood Pressure ; Consciousness ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Glycosuria ; Herbicides ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Incidence ; Intention ; Leukocytosis ; Male ; Miosis ; Mortality ; Nausea ; Pesticides ; Physical Examination ; Pneumonia ; Pulmonary Edema ; Pupil ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Rodenticides ; Seasons ; Seizures ; Suicide ; Sweat ; Sweating ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: We measured anti-H. pylori IgG in Korean elementary school children living in Shinchon area of Seoul, Korea to evaluate the influence of environmental living standards on H. pylori infection. METHODS: IgG antibodies to H. pylori were measured in plasma using a commercial ELISA kit (GAP IgG Helicobacter pylori, Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc., Hercules, CA, USA). Information on environmental status such as place of birth, parental income, type of housing, number of persons in the household, parents' occupation, family history of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer was obtained. Statistical analysis was done by Chi-square and logistic regression test using SPSS 7.0(TM) for Windows. RESULTS: Study subjects consisted of 571 children, and the age distribution ranged from 6.0 to 13.6 years with a mean of 9.6+/-1.8 years. Male-to-female ratio was 1.1:1. The seropositive rates of H. pylori infection ranged from 10.4% in children aged 6 years to 30.9% in 12 year-old group, overall 16.8%. The prevalence of H. pylori infection progressively increased with age, but there was no significant difference in seropositive rates among children in different age groups (p=0.06). Seropositive rates of anti-H. pylori IgG on the basis of gender, place of birth, parental income, type of housing, parents' occupation, family history of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer showed no statistically significant difference. Interestingly, however, seropositive rate of anti-H. pylori IgG showed statistical significance in relation to number of persons in the household (p=0.003; Odds ratio 1.50 by logistic regression test). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that number of persons in the household is the most important factor among environmental living standards, and that risk of H. pylori infection increases by increment of 1.5 times as the number of persons in the household increases by one.
Age Distribution ; Antibodies ; Child* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Family Characteristics ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Housing ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Occupations ; Odds Ratio ; Parents ; Peptic Ulcer ; Plasma ; Prevalence ; Residence Characteristics ; Seoul ; Socioeconomic Factors* ; Stomach Neoplasms

Tamoxifen citrate is a non-steroidal agent that has demonstrated estrogen agonist and antagonist properties and has found successful application for all stages, as adjuvant therapy, in the treatment of primary breast cancer. The drug was originally introduced for the treatment of high risk postmenopausal women or for postmenopausal patients with advanced disease. Since then, it was reported that long term treatment schedules could provide maximal benefit in preventing recurrences. Recent analyses of clinical trials have demonstrated an increase of disease-free survival in breast cancer among patients with positive estrogen receptor tumor. Tamoxifen is now recommended for chemoprevention of breast cancer in healthy high risk women. An agonist estrogenic effect upon the endometrium, the so called "paradoxical" effect, is suggested when proliferative changes, such as endometrial hyperplasia, adenocarcinoma, polyps. We report a case of endometrial cancer which developed in premenopausal patients with breast cancer under tamoxifen therapy.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Appointments and Schedules ; Breast Neoplasms ; Chemoprevention ; Disease-Free Survival ; Endometrial Hyperplasia ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; Endometrium ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Polyps ; Recurrence ; Tamoxifen*

PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation between gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance image (MRI) results and surgical findings of facial nerves in Bell's palsy and Ramsay Hunt syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1995 to 2004, MRI was performed on 13 patients with Bell's palsy or Ramsay Hunt syndrome, who were offered with surgical decompression of the facial nerve through the middle cranial fossa approach. Gadolinium enhanced MRI was performed on all patients and the enhancement of the facial nerve was evaluated by radiology specialists. Operative findings including the degree of the facial nerve segment swelling were examined. Furthermore, the time interval from the onset of palsy to surgery was evaluated. RESULTS: Swelling of facial nerve segments was found in patients with enhanced facial nerves from MRI. The swelling of the facial nerve in the labyrinthine segment in particular was identified in all patients with enhanced labyrinthine segments in MRI. The intraoperative swelling of geniculate ganglion of facial nerve was found in 78% of patients with enhanced facial segment in MRI (p=0.01). The intraoperative swelling of tympanic segment was observed from fourth to ninth weeks after the onset of palsy. CONCLUSION: MRI enhancement of facial nerves in Bell's palsy and Ramsay Hunt syndrome is associated with the extent of intratemporal lesions of facial nerves, especially in the labyrinthine segment.
Adult ; Aged ; Bell Palsy/pathology/*surgery ; Facial Nerve/pathology/surgery ; Female ; Herpes Zoster Oticus/pathology/*surgery ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reproducibility of Results

BACKGROUND: Mental stress prebably leads to disease by the effect on autonomic nervous system, especially on cardiovascular nervous system it leads deleterious effects ranging from the apperarence or worsenig of ischemia to lethal arrhythmia or sudden death. Especially after myocardial infarction this risks were increased. PURPOSE & METHODS: In order to assess the effect of postural change and arithmetic test on the state of autonomic nervous system in patients with AMI(acute myocardial infarction) autoregressive power spectral analyses were applied to 21 healthy subjects(51.9+/-6.5 years) and 20 AMI patients(55.3+/-7.4 years) during supine, standing and arithmetic test. RESULTS: R-R interval and systolic blood pressure decreased during standing compared with during supine position but there were no remarkable changes during arithmetic test compared with during supine position. In two groups, both during standing and during arithmetic test, compared with during supine position, the remarkable increase of LF(low frequency) spectral parameters(Nu, p<0.001) and decrease of HF(high frequency) spectral parameter(Nu, p<0.001) were observed. And during arithmetic test, compared with during standing, the remarkable increase of LF spectral parameter(Nu, p<0.01) and decrease of HF spectral parameter(Nu, p<0.01) were observed. LF/HF ratio and LFCCV/HFCCV ratio, so an index of sympatho-vagal balance, significantly increased during standing and during arithmetic test compared with during supine position and the increase was more prominent during arithmetic test(p<0.05). There was no significant difference of spectral parameters beteen two groups. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, sympathetic activity increased during standing and during arithmetic test. Especially, during arithmetic test it induced only sympathetic activity to increase remarkably without significant hemodynamic changes. The state of autonomic nervous system 7-10 days after AMI was not different from that of healthy subjects. Among the spectral parameters, Nu was more useful than either PSD or CCV in assessing autonomic nervous activity.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Autonomic Pathways ; Blood Pressure ; Death, Sudden ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Nervous System ; Supine Position

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:In order to analyze and understand the oculomotor system completely, it is essential to measure horizontal, vertical, and torsional eye movements. We developed a new system of 3-dimensional videooculography that can accurately estimate the pupil center and measure torsional eye movement in real time while minimizing the errors caused by upper eyelid droop, eyelashes, corneal reflection, and eye blinking. MATERIALS AND METHOD:For accurate estimation of the center and diameter of the pupil, the edges of the pupil were searched by using a sector-form window and circle fitting was performed using the least square regression. Torsional eye movement was measured using polar cross-correlation technique with modification to lessen the errors produced by the change in pupil size. Calibrations were performed and to verify the proposed system, the linearity between the measured and actual eye movements was measured. Also, the results of the proposed system were compared with those of another commercialized system. RESULTS: The linearity between the measured and actual eye movements showed errors of less than 1%. The spatial resolutions of the system for horizontal, vertical, and torsional eye movements were 0.3, 0.4, and 0.2, respectively whereas the temporal resolution was 30 frames/sec. In comparison to the commercialized system, our system showed less artifact by eye blinking when measuring vertical eye movement. CONCLUSION:We proposed an algorithm and a system for measuring horizontal, vertical, and torsional eye movements which minimized the influence of partial eyelid closure, eyelashes, corneal reflections, and change in pupil size.
Artifacts ; Blinking ; Calibration ; Eye Movements* ; Eyelashes ; Eyelids ; Pupil