No abstract available.
Endoscopy* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Brain Diseases* ; Diarrhea* ; Shock*

No abstract available.
Cholestasis* ; Cytomegalovirus Infections* ; Cytomegalovirus*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Intussusception*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Liver Failure, Acute* ; Prognosis*

The accidental swallowing of foreign bodies by infants and children is a common problem. The proper methods of therapy must be carefully selected according to the age of the patient, the type of forei gn body, the location of impaction, the duration of ingestion, and the available medical resources and skills. This report reviews 41 cases of ingested foreign bodies in the upper GI tract at the Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine between January 1981 and June 1991. The results were as follows: 1) The ages ranged from 3 months to 13 years with 34 cases less than 5 years of age, 5 cases between 5 to 10 years of age, and 2 cases greater than 10 years of age. 2) The male to female ratio was 1.9:1 with 27 male and 14 female patients. 3) The types of ingested foreign bodies were coins in 15 cases(36.6%), pins in 9 cases(22.0%), rings in 3 cases, food in 3 cases, nails in 2 cases, and others. 4) presenting symptoms were varable with vomiting in 8 cases(19.5%), coughing in 4 cascs(9.8%), dysphagia in 4 cases(9.8%), poor oral intake in 2 cases(4.9%), diarrhea in 2 cases(4.9%), and others. 5) Ingested foreign bodies were located in the esophagus in 14 cases(34.2%), stomach in 24 cases(58.5%), duodenum in 1 cases(2.4%)and uncertain locations in 2 cases. 6) Methods for the removal of ingested foreign bodies included 15 cases of endoscopic removal(53.6%), 1 surgical removal (3.6%), and 12 spontancous removals(42.8%). 10cndoscopic removals were carried out in 12 esophageal cases(83.3%), but 10 out of 16 stomach cases were removed spontaneously (62.5%). 7) Duration from ingestion to removal of foreign bodies renged from 19 hours to 2 years. All 12 spontaneous removal cases were within 2 weeks, and 1 surgical case was performed 2 years after ingestion. 8) Endoscopic findings of patients with esophageal foreign bodies included 3 normal cases(30.0%)and 7 moderate to severe abnormal cases(70.0%), and those patients with gastric foreign bodies included 3 normal cases(60.0%)and 2 mild superficial mucosal lesion cases.
Child* ; Cough ; Deglutition ; Deglutition Disorders ; Diarrhea ; Duodenum ; Eating ; Endoscopy ; Esophagus ; Female ; Foreign Bodies* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Infant* ; Male ; Numismatics ; Pediatrics ; Stomach ; Upper Gastrointestinal Tract* ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Liver Diseases* ; Liver*

We analysed 58 patients who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine due to infectious mononucleosis from January 1986 to August 1992. Of 58 patients who had responses to IgM to EBV viral capsid antigen and/or heterophil antibody, 35 patients had hapatitis. Of 35 hepatitis patients, group I consisted of 22 patients who had only EBV infection and group II consisted of 13 patients who had hepatitis B markers or cytomegaloviral markers. The results were as follows: 1) Sex distribution revealed males to females to be 1.1:1. In the age distribution, the proportion of patients with 1 to 3 years of age occupied 40.9% for group I and 30.8% for group II. In non-hepatitis group, 73.9% of patients were in 2 months to 3 years of age. 2) The common presenting symptoms and signs of hepatitis group included hepatomegaly in 24 cases (68.6%), fever in 19 (54.3%), anorexia in 17 (48.6%), throat injection in 16 (45.7%), splenomegaly in 5 (42.9%), and cervical lymphadenopathy in 10 cases (28.6%) etc. 3) In group I, complications or combined diseases included pneumonia in 4 case, disseminated intravascular coagulation in 2 and 1 case in acute pancreatitis. Group II included 1 case of iron deficiency anemia, acute renal failure, peritonitis and pulmonary hemorrhage respectively. 4) Anemia (Hb: <10g/dl) was found in 3 cases (13.6%) for group I, and in 2 cases (15.4%) for group II. Leukocytosis above 10,000/mm3 was demonstrated in 15 cases (68.2%)for group I and in 3 cases (23.1%)for group II. The higher percentage (>15%)of atypical lymphocytes were found in 3 cases (13.6%)for group I and in 1 case(7.7%) for group II. Thrombocytopenia (platelet: <100,000/mm3) was detected in 1 case (4.5%) for group I and in 3 cases (23.1%)for group II. Total bilirubin above 1.0mg/dl was found in 6 cases (27.3%)for group I and in 5 cases(58.1%)for group II. 5) AST level of 100~500IU/L was found in 10 cases(45.4%)for group I, and in 5 cases (38.5%) for group II. AST level above 500IU/L was demonstrated in 1 case (4.5%) and in 3 cases (23.1%) respectively. The mean values of AST level were 253.4 455.3IU/L and 316.7 102.4 IU/L, respectively. 6) Elevated ALT level of 100~500 IU/L was found in 9 cases (40.9%)for group I and in 9 cases(69.2%)for group II. ALT level above 500IU/L was detected in 5 cases (22.7%)for group I and in 3 cases (15.4%)for group II. The mean values of ALT level were 356.9 561.2IU/L and 308.3 259.1IU/L, respectively. 7) Elevated ALT levels returned to normal values within 3 weeks in 14 cases (82.4%) for group I and in 6 cases (66.7%)for group II. The mean duration of normalization of ALT level were 17.3 14.1 days for group I and 19.9 14.8 days for group II. Our results suggest that it AST/ALT levels are elevated and hepatitis A, B, C markers are negative, or if sudden elevated AST/ALT levels are noted in hepatitis B carriers or a patient with cytomegaloviral hepatitis, Epstein-Barr virus infection should be suspected.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Age Distribution ; Anemia ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Anorexia ; Bilirubin ; Capsid ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Female ; Fever ; Hemorrhage ; Hepatitis A ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis* ; Hepatomegaly ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; Infectious Mononucleosis ; Leukocytosis ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Pancreatitis ; Pediatrics ; Peritonitis ; Pharynx ; Pneumonia ; Reference Values ; Sex Distribution ; Splenomegaly ; Thrombocytopenia

Diarrhea is an extremely common cause of morbidity in infancy. Occasionally it becomes protracted, leading to a vicious cycle of malabsorption, malnutrition and failure to thrive. Thirty nine infants of chronic diarrhea who had been admitted to the Department of pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine for 3 years between September, 1989 and December 1992, were clinically studied and analized, the results were as follows: 1) The mean age of the patiens was 7.5+/-4.9 months. Symptoms started at 4.0+/-3.4 months of age and lasted for 3.6+/-4.1 months. 2) Among 39 cases, there were 16 cases of secondary lactase deficiency (41%), 9 cases of milk allergy(23%) and 3 cases of rotaviral enteritis(8%). Three patients (8%). had hepatitis and a patient had sepsis. 3) Incidence is much more common in formula-fed infants than brast-fed infants. 4) The growth status of the patients were poor; 54% of the patients by body weight and 39% by height fell into lower 10 percentile of normal distribution. Malnutrition accompanied the majority (82%) of the patients; 46% of mild form, 23% of moderate and 13% of severe form by Gomez classification. 5) Laboratory data on admission showed anemia in 21% of patients, hypoalbuminemia in 13% and hypocholester olemia in 31%. 6) Thirty one percent of the patients were improved with conservative tratment only. 33% of the patients got improved by low lactose milk feeding and milk withdrawl was done in 23% of the patients. Total parenteral nutrition was performed in 13% of the patients. All patients were cured with the treatment. With the above results, the most common cause of chronic diarrhea in infancy is postinfectious disaccharidase deficiency. followed by milk allergy. Low lactose milk feeding and milk withdrawl can improve the infants from chronic diarrhea.
Anemia ; Body Weight ; Classification ; Diarrhea* ; Failure to Thrive ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Hypoalbuminemia ; Incidence ; Infant ; Lactase ; Lactose ; Malnutrition ; Milk ; Milk Hypersensitivity ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total ; Pediatrics ; Sepsis