PURPOSE: Primary small bowel cancer is rare. In many cases, the diagnosis is difficult especially in jejunum and ileum, confirmed in advanced state with poor prognosis. This study was intended to clarify the characteristics of primary small bowel cancer. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We have reviewed 24 patients with primary small bowel cancer that have been operated at the Department of Surgery, hospital from Jan. 1990 until Dec. 1996. The clinical feature, diagnostic method, location and histologic finding of tumor, prognosis were analyzed. RESULTS: 1. The ratio of male to female was 1:1.18. The mean age was 53 years and the most prevalent age group was 6th decade (13 cases, 54.1%). 2. The most common primary site was jejunum (9 cases), followed by duodenum (8 cases) and ileum (7 cases). Leiomyosarcoma occurred most frequently in jejunum, adenocarcinoma in duodenum, and lymphoma in ileum. 3. The most common symptom was abdominal pain (66.7%), followed by anemia (54.2%), palpable mass (50%). 4. The accuracy rate of preoperative diagnosis or suspicion was 45.8%, and diagnostic measures were endoscopy in duodenum, small bowel series and/or abdominal CT. in jejunum and ileum. 5. Curative resection was performed in 14 cases (58.3%), and the cancer in which palliative resection was undertaken most frequently was leiomyosarcoma. 6. The mean follow-up period of 23 cases except 1 was 33 months, during this time 9 cases were dead, of whom 5 cases had leiomyosarcoma. CONCLUSION: Frequently, small bowel cancer is difficult in diagnosis, confirmed in late stage. High degree of suspicion and more endeavor to discover it is important and needed to bring a better result.
Abdominal Pain ; Adenocarcinoma ; Anemia ; Diagnosis ; Duodenum ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ileum ; Jejunum ; Leiomyosarcoma ; Lymphoma ; Male ; Prognosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Our aim was to identify histologic changes in cervical carcinoma tumor cells due to chemotherapy,by electron microscopic examination. Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil were used between March 1, 1994 and February 28, 1995 on a total of 16 patients. The treatment schedule consisted of 75 mg/m2 cisplatin via iv with hyperhydration on Day 1, in combination with 1000 mg/m2 5-fluorouracil via continuous iv on Day 1 to 5. The treatment was repeated every 4 weeks with a maxinum of 3 courses. Ultrastructurally, chemotherapy induced apoptosis,indicated by condensation of nucleus and cytoplasm,fragmentation of nuclei, and apoptotic bodies. Due to repeat chemotherapy, increased levels of desmosomes were noted and parts of tumor nests were replaced by mature squamous cells. Tumor nests were reduced in size, mitochondria exhibited swelling, the endoplasmic reticulum was dilated, and infiltration of inflammatory cells increased after chemotherapy. These results suggest that chemotherapy induces apoptosis and injury to the cytoplasm and nuclei of tumor cells. However, the exact selection mechanism of the biochemical pathway of cell death is not fuUy understood. Further study of the molecular biologic actions of cell death after chemotherapy is warranted.
Apoptosis ; Appointments and Schedules ; Cell Death ; Cisplatin ; Cytoplasm ; Desmosomes ; Drug Therapy* ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Mitochondrial Size

BACKGROUND: Biodegradable polymers have increasingly been recognized for various biological applications in recent years. Here we examined the immunostimulatory activities of the novel poly(aspartic acid) conjugated with L-lysine (PLA). METHODS: PLA was synthesized by conjugating L-lysine to aspartic acid polymer. PLA-nanoliposomes (PLA-NLs) were prepared from PLA using a microfluidizer. The immunostimulatory activities of PLA-NLs were examined in mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs). RESULTS: PLA-NLs increased the number of BM-DCs when added to cultures of GM-CSF-induced DC generation on day 4 after the initiation of cultures. Examination of the phenotypic properties showed that BM-DCs generated in the presence of PLA-NLs are more mature in terms of the expression of MHC class II molecules and major co-stimulatory molecules than BM-DCs generated in the absence of PLA-NLs. In addition, the BM-DCs exhibited enhanced capability to produce cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-12, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta. Allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions also confirmed that the BMDCs were more stimulatory on allogeneic T cells. PLA- NL also induced further growth of immature BM-DCs that were harvested on day 8. CONCLUSION: These results show that PLA-NLs induce the generation and functional activities of BM-DCs, and suggest that PLA-NLs could be immunostimulating agents that target DCs.
Animals ; Aspartic Acid ; Cytokines ; Dendritic Cells ; Immunomodulation ; Interleukin-12 ; Interleukin-6 ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed ; Lysine ; Mice ; Polymers ; T-Lymphocytes ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

BACKGROUND: Biodegradable polymers have increasingly been recognized for various biological applications in recent years. Here we examined the immunostimulatory activities of the novel poly(aspartic acid) conjugated with L-lysine (PLA). METHODS: PLA was synthesized by conjugating L-lysine to aspartic acid polymer. PLA-nanoliposomes (PLA-NLs) were prepared from PLA using a microfluidizer. The immunostimulatory activities of PLA-NLs were examined in mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs). RESULTS: PLA-NLs increased the number of BM-DCs when added to cultures of GM-CSF-induced DC generation on day 4 after the initiation of cultures. Examination of the phenotypic properties showed that BM-DCs generated in the presence of PLA-NLs are more mature in terms of the expression of MHC class II molecules and major co-stimulatory molecules than BM-DCs generated in the absence of PLA-NLs. In addition, the BM-DCs exhibited enhanced capability to produce cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-12, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta. Allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions also confirmed that the BMDCs were more stimulatory on allogeneic T cells. PLA- NL also induced further growth of immature BM-DCs that were harvested on day 8. CONCLUSION: These results show that PLA-NLs induce the generation and functional activities of BM-DCs, and suggest that PLA-NLs could be immunostimulating agents that target DCs.
Animals ; Aspartic Acid ; Cytokines ; Dendritic Cells ; Immunomodulation ; Interleukin-12 ; Interleukin-6 ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed ; Lysine ; Mice ; Polymers ; T-Lymphocytes ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Medullary sponge kidney is uncommon disease and rare in children. It is characterized by localized dilatation of collecting ducts in renal pyramids. The diagnosis of medullary sponge ki-dney depends mainly upon intravenous and retrograde pyelography. This paper presented a case of medullary sponge kidney found in a 9-year-old boy during the study about enuresis, and a brief review of literature was made.
Child ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Enuresis ; Humans ; Male ; Medullary Sponge Kidney* ; Porifera ; Urography

Small follicular cysts are common findings in the ovaries of prepubertal girls, and in most cases, they are of no clinical importance. Ocassionally these cysts may enlarge and continue to produce estrogen, resulting in signs of precocious sexual development and vaginal bleeding. We have experienced a case of a precocious pseudopuberty causing ovarian follicular cyst which was treated by exploratory laparotomy. we present this case with a brief review of literatures
Estrogens ; Female ; Follicular Cyst* ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Ovary ; Sexual Development ; Uterine Hemorrhage

Primary amenorrhea due to intrasella arachnoid cyst is a very rare disease and require careful and frequent evaluation because may produce intracranial hemorrhage, elevated intracranial pressure and rapid expansion. Surgical intervention is needed only when visual disturbance, hypopituitarism or enlarging lesion is shown. Thus, we present a case of primary amenorrhea due to intrasella arachnoid cyst which was resected through the transsphenoidal approach.
Amenorrhea ; Arachnoid* ; Female ; Hypogonadism* ; Hypopituitarism ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Intracranial Hypertension ; Rare Diseases

A preparation of water soluble components(EA) was made from carpophores of Elfvingia applanata(Pers.) Karst and its in vitro antibacterial activity on a number of bacterial species was examined by macrobroth dilution assay. Among 16 species of bacteria tested, the most potent antibacterial activity was observed against Staphylococcus epiderrnidis and Proteus vulgaris, of which MICs were 1.25 mg/ml. To investigate the antibacterial effects in combinations of EA with quinolone antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin, the fractional inhibitory concentrations(FICs) and the fractional inhibitory concentration indices(FICIs) for four bacterial strains were determined by macrobroth dilution checkerboard assay. Combinations of EA and quinolones exhibited either additive or indifferent effects of antibacterial activity in most instances. However, both synergistic and antagonistic effects were not observed in any cases.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; Ciprofloxacin ; Enoxacin ; Norfloxacin ; Ofloxacin ; Proteus vulgaris ; Quinolones* ; Staphylococcus

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation*

PURPOSE: We evaluated the effects of surgery for rectal cancer on postoperative voiding and sexual function over the course of time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 28 patients who underwent autonomic nerve preserving rectal cancer surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Operations were performed between October 2005 and July 2007 and all patients were followed-up for more than 3 years. Preoperatively, all patients underwent urodynamic studies including uroflowmetry, and filled out the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). The evaluation of sexual function consisted of Erectile Function domain score in International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-EFD) and Ejaculation domain score in Male Sexual Health Questionnaire (MSHQ-EjD). Data from uroflowmetry and questionnaires were examined. RESULTS: At 3 years postoperatively the prostate volume was similar to the preoperative value (P=0.727). There were no statistically significant postoperative changes in the average maximum flow rate (15.9 ml/s vs. 16.2 ml/s, p=0.637) and post-void residual urine volume (34.7 ml vs. 36.8 ml, p=0.809). No statistically significant differences were observed in the IPSS (13.2 vs. 12.2, p=0.374). However, although pelvic autonomic nerve preservation have been performed, a significant proportion of rectal cancer patients suffer from sexual dysfunction and the average of IIEF-EFD and MSHQ-EjD scores was decreased postoperatively until 3 years (25.1 vs. 16.1 and 28.3 vs. 14.2 respectively, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Voiding function was not affected after autonomic nerve-preserving rectal cancer surgery, however sexual function was significantly aggravated. We recommend that the baseline genitourinary function should be evaluated before the treatment for male rectal cancer patients, and penile rehabilitation is necessary for their quality of life after treatment.
Autonomic Pathways ; Ejaculation ; Humans ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; Prostate ; Quality of Life ; Rectal Neoplasms ; Reproductive Health ; Retrospective Studies ; Urination ; Urodynamics