Authors examined the morphology and size in the maxillary lateral insicor from Korean adults and the following conclusion have been drawn. 1. In the shapes of labial surface in maxillary lateral incisors, the quite prominent middle lobe, moderate prominent middle lobe, less prominent midd1e lobe were 20.60%, 69.85%, 9.55%, respectively. 2. In the shapes of incisal margin in maxillary lateral incisors, the arc shaped to the distal, round, nearly straight were 24.96%, 60.20%, 15.11%, respectively. 3. In the shapes of incisal angle in maxillary lateral incisors, the equal sized mesioincisal angle and distoincisal angle, larger distoincisal angle, much larger distoincisal angle were 8.36%. 67.34%, 24.30%, respectively. 4. In the shapes of lingual surface in maxillary lateral incisors, the marked shovel (Ms), semi-shovel (Ss), trace shovel (Ts), no shovel (No) were 43.00%, 33.50%, 19.50%, 4.00%, respectively. 5. The size of the maxillary lateral incisors were as follows. 6. In comparison with Wheeler's data, crown length, crown width and crown thickness were larger in Korean adult, but the degree of cervical curvature were smallest.
Adult* ; Crowns ; Humans ; Incisor*

This study was to investigate the various parts of the mandible related to inferior alveolar nerve conductive anesthesia in 228 dry skulls of Korean adults. Five morphological variations were observed and four measurements were undertaken. The following results were obtained. 1. The Position of coronoid notch in the anterior border of the ramus of mandible is classified into three types and percentage of each type was as follows : Type I (Coronoid notch in the middle part of the anterior border of the ramus of mandible) : 83.3% Type II (Coronoid notch in the inferior part of the anterior border of the ramus of mandible) : 12.7% Type III (No coronoid notch in the anterior border of the ramps of mandible) : 4.0% 2. The position of the lingula of mandible to the imaginary line of the molar occlusal plane is classified into three types and percentage of each type was as follows : Type I (Above the imaginary line of the mandibular molar occlusal plane) : 87.3% Type II (Coincide with the imaginary line of the mandibular molar occlusal plane) : 8.6% Type III (Below the imaginary of mandibular molar occlusal plane) : 4.3% 3. The position of the lingula of the mandible in the internal oblique line-posterior border of the ramus of mandible dimension is classified into three types and percentage of each type was as follows : Type I (Anterior part in the internal oblique line-posterior border of the ramus of mandible dimension) : 82.9% Type II (Middle part in the internal oblique line-posterior border of the ramus of mandible dimension) : 11. 4% Type III (Posterior part in the internal oblique line-posterior border of the ramus of mandible dimension) : 5.7% 4. The position of the apex of the lingula of mandible to the deepest point of the coronoid notch in the anterior border of the ramus of mandible is classified into three types and percentage of each type was as follows : Type I (Coincide with the deepest point of the coronoid notch) : 82.0% Type II (Above the deepest point of the coronoid notch) : 13.2% Type III (Below the deepest point of the coronoid notch) : 4.8% 5. The position of the apex of the lingula of mandible to the imaginary line of the mandibular molar occlusal plane is classified into three types and percentage of each type was as follows : Type I (Above the 8mm) : 65.7% Type II (Above the 5mm) : 18.6% Type III (Above the 10mm) : 15.7% 6. Angle between the line connecting the apex of the lingula of mandible-1-2 premolars in the contralateral side and median line of the mandible is classified into three types and percentage of each type was as follows : Type I (50°) : 67.2% Type II (45°) 21.4% Type III (55°) : 11.4% 7. The averages of the measurement of the various bony landmarks of the mandible related to inferior alveolar nerve conductive anesthesia were as follows : ① Distance from deepest point of the coronoid notch to internal oblique line : 9.2mm ② Distance from internal oblique line to the apex of the lingula of mandible : 11.6mm ③ Distance from deepest point of the coronoid notch to apex of the lingula of mandible : 19.7mm ④ Height of the lingula of mandible : 9.8mm
Adult ; Anesthesia* ; Architectural Accessibility ; Bicuspid ; Dental Occlusion ; Humans ; Mandible* ; Mandibular Nerve* ; Molar ; Skull

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is characterized by peripheral eosinophilia, eosinophilic infiltration of the bowel and gastrointestinal symptoms. The disease may affect any area of the gastrointestinal tract. Various manifestations are present, corresponding to the predominant layer of the eosinophilic infiltration. We experienced a case of eosinophilic gastroenteritis presenting as protein-losing enteropathy in a 36-year old male patient with acute upper abdominal pain and watery diarrhea. He showed peripheral eosinophilia, hypoalbuminemia, penile., thigh and ankle edema. The patient was treated with oral corticosteroid, and supportive care such as parenteral albumin, fluid and electrolytes. Almost all symptoms resloved within 1 week. The present report concerns a case of eosinophilic gastroenteritis associated with protein loss. Cases, of eosinophilic gastroenteritis with protein-losing enteropathy are not common. To our knowledge, no case has reported in Korea. So we report this case with brief review of the literature.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Ankle ; Diarrhea ; Edema ; Electrolytes ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils* ; Gastroenteritis* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Hypoalbuminemia ; Korea ; Male ; Protein-Losing Enteropathies ; Thigh

PURPOSE: The present study assessed the diagnostic significance of digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) in determining the inflammatory state of patients with nonspecific orbital inflammation. METHODS: The present study included 11 patients diagnosed with nonspecific orbital inflammation between December 2009 and March 2011 and who were followed-up for more than 6 months. All patients were all diagnosed based on computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance image (MRI) and tissue biopsy. The grade of eyelid swelling was classified as 5 and severe compared with the temperature of location. The temperature of the upper eyelid, caruncle, medial conjunctiva, lateral conjunctiva, lower eyelid, cornea and lateral orbit were measured with DITI. RESULTS: When comparing the normal eye with the diseased eye in patients with nonspecific orbital inflammation, the temperature of the upper eyelid and cornea were statistically significant (p = 0.003, p = 0.038, respectively, Mann-Whitney test). The correlation between the grade of eyelid swelling and the temperature of location was most highly related in the temperature of the upper eyelid (Spearman's correlation coefficient, r = 0.55, p = 0.008) and cornea (Spearman's correlation coefficient, r = 0.45, p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: DITI may aid in evaluating the inflammatory state of nonspecific orbital inflammation. In particular, the temperature of the upper eyelid and cornea can be very useful indicator. Future studies, including larger study population are necessary in order to confirm DITI as a diagnostic tool which can assess the results of medical treatment by comparing temperature before and after treatment.
Biopsy ; Conjunctiva ; Cornea ; Eye ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Orbit

The purpose of this study was to investigate the courses of the maxillary artery and variations of the arteries and nerves in the infratemporal fossa from 36 Korean adult cadavers. The results were as follows; 1. In the majority of the cases (81.9%), course of the maxillary artery runs lateral to the lateral pterygoid muscle. 2. The variations of the arteries and nerves in the infratemporal fossa could be classified into six types. In the most common (type 2, 61.1%), the maxillary artery runs lateral to the lateral pterygoid muscle, and the inferior alveolar lingual and buccal nerves lie medial to the maxillary artery. In the next (type 1, 20.8%), the maxillary artery runs lateral to the lateral pterygoid muscle and the inferior alveolar and lingual nerves lie medial to the maxillary artery, and buccal nerve lies lateral to the maxillary artery. The remaining types were type 3 (7.0%), type 4 (4.2%), type 5 (5.6%) and type 6 (1.4%) in order.
Adult ; Arteries* ; Cadaver ; Humans ; Lingual Nerve ; Mandibular Nerve ; Maxillary Artery ; Pterygoid Muscles

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the cat spinal trigeminal subnucleus caudalis following pulpectomy of mandibular premolars and molar by means of an immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopic study. The animals were divided into normal and experimental group which were sacrificed at 14 days after pulpectomy. The results were as follows; 1. On the light microscopic observation of the spinal trigeminal subnucleus caudalis in normal group, NPY-immunoreactivity (IR) was weak within lamina I and lamina II outer. In pulpectomy group, NPY-IR was strong and appeared to extend into lamina I and lamina II inner at 14 days. 2. On the immunoelectron microscopic observation of the spinal trigeminal subnucleus caudalis in normal group, NPY-IR was revealed in axon terminals, dendrites, myelinated axons and unmyelinated axons. NPY-IR was associated with membrane structures within microtubules, synaptic vesicles, outer membrane of mitochondria and inner surface of the axolemma. In NPY-immunoreactive structure, there was a small amount of DAB precipita-tions. 3. On the immunoelectron microscopic observation of the spinal trigeminal subnucleus caudalis at 14 days in pulpectomy group, the number of NPY-immunoreactive axon terminals, dendrites, myelinated axons and unmyelinated axons was increased than normal group. DAB precipitations in NPY-immunoreactive structure was increased than normal group. Some NPY-immunoreactive axon terminal formed synaptic glomerulus and axoaxonic synapse. 4. The results indicate that NPY-IR was increased in the spinal trigeminal subnucleus caudalis after pulpectomy, and it is speculated that the increased NPY by injury of peripheral nerve may participate in the processing of nociception.
Animals ; Axons ; Bicuspid ; Cats* ; Dendrites ; Immunohistochemistry ; Membranes ; Microtubules ; Mitochondria ; Molar ; Myelin Sheath ; Neuropeptide Y* ; Neuropeptides* ; Nociception ; Peripheral Nerves ; Presynaptic Terminals ; Pulpectomy* ; Synapses ; Synaptic Vesicles

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to examine whether meniscal degeneration in human osteoarthritis(OA) was related with the occurrence of apoptosis, the expression of nitrotyrosine and Fas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Menisci were obtained from OA patients undergoing total knee replacement arthroplasty and from normal subjects who were operated an above knee amputaton. According to histologic degeneration, menisci were graded to normal, grade 1(mild), grade 2(moderate), and grade 3(severe). Apoptotic cells were identified by TUNEL method and electron microscopy. Meniscal sections were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the presence of nitrotyrosine and Fas expression. RESULTS: The number of apoptotic cells were significantly increased in OA meniscus compared with normal meniscus(p < 0.05). The number of apoptotic cells were increased with tissue degeneration. On electron microscopy, the typical chromatin condensation in the OA meniscus was shown in apoptotic cell. The number of Fas-expressing cells was significantly higher in the OA meniscus(p < 0.05). Nitrotyrosine immuno reactivity was prominent in the degenerative menisci(p < 0.05). Fas and nitrotyrosine expression were increased with degree of tissue degeneration. An increase in number of apoptotic cells was correlated with tissue degeneration but not with age . CONCLUSION: Apoptosis was suggested as one of the causes in the tissue degeneration of the human OA meniscus. The development of apoptosis in the meniscus may be related with Fas and nitrotyrosine expression but not with age.
Apoptosis* ; Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Chromatin ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Knee* ; Microscopy, Electron

Radiotherapy in the treatment of head and neck cancers is often used either alone or in addition to surgery. Radiation disrupts the proliferative capacity of the cancer while doing as little damage as possible to the normal tissue. Nevertheless, conventional radiotherapy of advanced head and neck tumors is frequently associated with severe oropharyngeal mucositis. The fungiform papillae are found on the dorsal surface of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and have one taste bud which always located on the superior side. In recent years, many study have demonstrated the location of neuropeptides in the intragemmal cells of the taste buds. We used neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in this study. NCAM is a membrane surface glycoprotein found in neural tissue that functions in cell -cell interactions such as adhesion and recognition and may contribute to neuronal and receptoneural synaptogenesis. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no study about NCAM in relation to dysgeusia, especially after radiotherapy. Therefore, we studied the change of the expression of NCAM in the fungiform papilla of the young rat tongue following single dose radiation. Twenty days old 18 Sprague -Dawley rats were used. Twelve rats were irradiated with a single dose of 17 Gy gamma radiation. We sacrificed rats 1, 7, 20 days after radiation. The anterior part of tongues were removed and cut into at 30 micro gram on a cryocut. Using the free floating method, we immunostained sections. In control group, NCAM is expressed on some intragemmal cells which were located in the center of the bud and intragemmal nerve fibers. NCAM -immunoreactive (ir) perigemmal nerve fibers were rare, however basal plexus fibers and subpapillary nerve bundle showed strong immunoreactivity. One day after radiation, taste buds had no detectable changes of the expression of NCAM. However, seven days after radiation, the number of NCAM -ir intragemmal cells was reduced and the shape of ir cells was deformed. Immunoreactivity of basal plexus fibers and subpapillary nerve bundle was also decreased. The surface of the papilla was transformed into dome shape. Twenty days after radiation, overall forms of buds were recovered except a few deformed NCAM -ir intragemmal cells. NCAM was expressed in the intragemmal cells which are thought to be related with taste sensation, and we speculate that NCAM participate synaptogenesis. However, more studies using immunoelectron microscopic method are required.
Animals ; Dysgeusia ; Gamma Rays ; Head ; Immunohistochemistry ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; Membranes ; Mucositis ; Neck ; Nerve Fibers ; Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules* ; Neurons ; Neuropeptides ; Radiotherapy ; Rats* ; Sensation ; Taste Buds ; Tongue*

Synchronous primary cancers in the liver and gallbladder have been rarely reported.We report a case of synchronous cancers of hepatic angiosarcoma and gallbladder adenocarcinoma, mimicking gallbladder cancer with hepatic invasion. Additionally, the clinical implications, the radiologic features, and the diagnostic difficulties are further discussed.

STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively assessed the results of percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty (KP) by clinical and radiological methods. PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome of KP as a treatment for osteoporotic burst fractures. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Many surgeons are concerned about the possibility of neurological complications after percutaneous kyphoplasty for osteoporotic burst fractures, secondary to intra-canal cement leakage. METHODS: We performed KP as a treatment for osteoporotic burst fractures. We studied 12 patients/13 vertebrae. The two control groups consisted of patients who only underwent conservative treatment and those who underwent posterior instrumentation and fusion. We measured each preoperative/postoperative vertebral kyphotic deformity angle (KDA) using simple lateral spine images and checked for leakage of cement, as well. The preoperative/postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) scores for back pain, degree of daily activity, and postoperative complications were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean improvement in KDA after KP was 9.7+/-2.2degrees. The mean preoperative and postoperative VAS scores for back pain were 8.3+/-0.4 and 3.1+/-0.17, respectively. Regarding the control group, the mean postoperative VAS score for the conservative group and the posterior surgery group decreased by 4.5+/-0.17 and 3.2+/-0.19, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the KP and posterior surgery groups (p=0.125). However, there was a statistically significant difference between the KP and conservative treatment groups (p=0.012). CONCLUSIONS: KP is safe and useful for treating osteoporotic burst fractures.
Back Pain ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Kyphoplasty ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine