No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans ; Ophthalmic Artery*

No abstract available.
Cyclosporine* ; Graft Survival* ; Kidney* ; Transplants*

The effects of treatment with mercury chloride on the nitrite and nitrate syntheses were observed in peritoneal macrophages from Balb/c mice and EMT-6 cells in vitro. The cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium(DMEM) with cytokines. Amounts of nitrite and nitrate in the culture media after 24 and 36 hours of culture were about 2-fold, and 3-fold of those measured after 12 hours respectively. There were very close associations between the amounts of nitrite and nitrate measured in the culture media according to culture time. The survival rate of peritoneal macrophages was significantly decreased by mercury chloride added into the media in dose-dependent manner, however the survivals of EMT-6 cells were not influenced by mercury chloride concentration in media. Nitrite and nitrate syntheses were dose-dependently decreased by mercury chloride added in culture media. ATP synthesis also decreased in EMT-6 cells by mercury chloride. These results reported here suggest that the disorder of cell mediated immunity by mercurials could be related to the inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis which seems to be caused by the inhibition of ATP synthesis.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Animals ; Culture Media ; Cytokines ; Immunity, Cellular ; Macrophages ; Macrophages, Peritoneal* ; Mice* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Survival Rate

The authors investigated the morphometric analysis of substance P(SP)- and somatostatin(SOM)- containing nerve cells in dorsal root ganglia. For this purpose, immunohistochemical method was used to determine the number, size and the morphological characteristics of SP- and SOM-reactive cells in L5 dorsal root ganglia of rats. In addition, changes in type A, type B, SP- and SOM-containing nerve cells in ganglia after sciatic nerve transection were also determined. The results were as follows : 1) SP- and SPOM-reactive nerve cells belong to the population of type B cell, but N/C ratios of immunoreactive cells were higher than others ; 2) in normal group, SP- and SOM-reactive nerve cells were 12.5 and 3.2% of total nerve cells in ganglia, respectively ; 3) the case of coexistence of SP and SOM in one cell was not found ; 4) and there was a marked reduction in the number of SP- and SOM-reactive cells at 2 weeks after nerve injuries. And SP-reactive nerve cells were increased in number at 6 weeks after operation, but SOM-reactive cells were not. According to these results, SP- and SOM-reactive nerve cells belong to type B cells, but do not coexist in one cell. These nerve cells were decreased in number after nerve transection. SP-reactive nerve cells were recovered at 6 weeks after operation but recovery of SOM-reactive cell was not found.
Animals ; B-Lymphocytes ; Ganglia ; Ganglia, Spinal* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neurons ; Rats* ; Sciatic Nerve* ; Somatostatin* ; Somatostatin-Secreting Cells ; Spinal Nerve Roots* ; Substance P*

The protective effect of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) against the cytogenetic toxicity of heavy metals was investigated on human whole-blood cultures in relation to induction of sister chromatid exchange(SCE) in secondary metaphase chromosome. Methlmercury chloride (CH3HgCl), cadmium chloride (CdCl2), Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), and sodium selenite caused to the typically dose-dependent increase in sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) by the concentrations ranging from 0.3 micro M to 10 micro M. However, the inductions of sister chromatid exchanges by methymercury chloride or cadmium chloride were inhibited by the simultaneous addition of sodium selenite 1.2 micro M. The frequencies of SCE were decreased to the level of control in the molar ratios as 2 : 1, 1 : 1, 1 : 2, and 1 : 4 of selenium selenite vs. methylmercury chloride, and as 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 of selenium selenite vs. cadmium chloride, while the frequencies of SCE induced by potassium dichromate were not changed by the addition of sodium selenite in culture condition. Mitotic indices were decreased in the higher concentrations of chemicals and not significantly changed by the simultaneous addition of sodium selenite to the culture condition containing each chemicals.
Cadmium Chloride ; Chromatids ; Cytogenetics ; Humans* ; Lymphocytes* ; Metals, Heavy* ; Metaphase ; Mitotic Index ; Molar ; Potassium Dichromate ; Selenious Acid ; Selenium* ; Siblings ; Sister Chromatid Exchange ; Sodium Selenite

The muscular branches of the ophthalmic artery have been described as the superior muscular artery and the inferior muscular artery. However, the definition of the muscluar arteries and their distribution has not been clarified. Therefore, the muscular branches of the ophthalmic artery in 80 orbits of Korean adults were observed under the surgical microscope. The inferior muscular artery was observed in 87.5% of the materials and the superior muscular artery was observed in 32.5%. The commen muscular branch distributing to the adjacent two muscles was observed more frequently(81.3%). The superior muscular artery and the common muscular branches were similar in their distribution according to their site of origin. Therefore, they were classified into the superolateral and superomedial arteries. The superolateral muscular artery was observed in 58.6%. and the superomedial muscular artery was observed in 71.3%. This study suggests that the ocular muscular arteries are better classified into 3 groups, namely inferior, superolateral, and superomedial muscular arteries.
Adult ; Arteries* ; Humans ; Muscles ; Ophthalmic Artery ; Orbit

The muscular branches of the ophthalmic artery have been described as the superior muscular artery and the inferior muscular artery. However, the definition of the muscluar arteries and their distribution has not been clarified. Therefore, the muscular branches of the ophthalmic artery in 80 orbits of Korean adults were observed under the surgical microscope. The inferior muscular artery was observed in 87.5% of the materials and the superior muscular artery was observed in 32.5%. The commen muscular branch distributing to the adjacent two muscles was observed more frequently(81.3%). The superior muscular artery and the common muscular branches were similar in their distribution according to their site of origin. Therefore, they were classified into the superolateral and superomedial arteries. The superolateral muscular artery was observed in 58.6%. and the superomedial muscular artery was observed in 71.3%. This study suggests that the ocular muscular arteries are better classified into 3 groups, namely inferior, superolateral, and superomedial muscular arteries.
Adult ; Arteries* ; Humans ; Muscles ; Ophthalmic Artery ; Orbit

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified thymic carcinoma and other thymomas (types A, AB, and B) as different neoplasms. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an early sign of thymoma and theoretically does not accompany thymic carcinoma; however, cases of thymic carcinoma with MG have been reported. Whether thymic carcinoma can accompany MG has yet to be established. METHODS: The medical records of patients who underwent thymectomy for MG between 1990 and 2011 in a single hospital were reviewed. All cases with the diagnostic code of "thymic carcinoma" or "thymoma type C" (old terminology) were selected. A pathologist re-reviewed the pathologic specimens using the new WHO criteria. The rate of thymic carcinoma among these MG patients was then calculated. RESULTS: A total of 81 patients with MG had thymic tumors, 10 of whom had thymic carcinomas or thymoma type C. Seven cases of well-differentiated thymic carcinomas (type B3) were excluded, leaving three (3.7%) cases of thymic carcinoma with MG. All three of these cases were type B3 thymoma with a focal squamous cell carcinoma component that was very small and well demarcated. In addition, two out of the three tumors were found to be at an early clinical stage. All of the cases survived without recurrence over follow-up periods of at least 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: Thymic carcinoma transformation from thymoma can occur during the early stages of thymoma. The association of this condition with MG is not as rare as was previously thought. Thymic carcinomas accompanying MG had a predominant B3 thymoma component with a focal thymic carcinoma area (squamous cell carcinoma).
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Myasthenia Gravis* ; Recurrence ; Thymectomy ; Thymoma* ; Thymus Neoplasms ; World Health Organization

No abstract available in English.
Osteotomy

Cervical large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is rare. We experienced one case of cervical large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma in 49 years old woman. So we report the case and brief review of literature.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous* ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mucins*