As an attempt to evaluate any possible effects of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on the phenomena of membrane transport, effects on the short-circuit current (SCC) and potential difference (PD) across the isolated frog skin were studied under the conditions of various bathing medium, Changes of SCC and PD were measured by the method described by Ussing and Zerahn. Addition of DMSO to the inside bathing medium resulted in an initial increase in SCC followed by a secondary decline to pre-DMSO level, while DMSO at outside medium was without effect. Dose-responses(SCC) relationship revealed a linear one from 30 to 60 mM. Substitution of chloride by sulfate ion from bathing medium caused no alteration in the basic pattern and magnitude of response, thus indicating the specificity of DMSO action on the Na transport. Hypertonic solutions of DMSO added to either outer or inner bathing medium evoked a prompt fall in SCC and PD consistently. By isotopic measurement of sodium fluxes with Na24, it was evident that increased sodium influx was entirely responsible for the initial increase in SCC induced by DMSO. Of various parameters concerned with transepithelial Na transport, outer membrane permeability to Na (PoNa) was shown to be the onIy parameter which was significantly elevated by DMSO administration. From these findings, it was postulated that DMSO-induced increment in sodium influx was mediated by its stimulating action on the sodium penctration through the outer permeability barricr after binding to a receptor site different from that for the antidiuretic hormone (ADH.)
Baths ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide* ; Hypertonic Solutions ; Membranes ; Permeability ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Skin* ; Sodium*

No abstract available.
Voice*

No abstract available.
Neurothekeoma*

No abstract available.

The spinal injuries were classified into bursting fracture, fracture-dislocation, seat-belt injury, compression fracture according to the three column theory by Denis. The bursting fracture and fracture-dislocation required the most careful planning. So, myelography, computerized tomography enabled us to diagnose the spinal fracture including retropulsed bony fragment into the spinal canal. There was much controversy as to appropriate treatment af unstable thoraco-lumbar fractures. The frequent surgical treatment of thoraco-lumbar spinal fractures was still posterior spinal instrumentation including Harrington rod system. Since 1964, the use of anterior spinal instrumentation had been started by Dwyer, Dunn, Kostrik, Slot, and Zielke used anterior spinal instrumentation in unstable thoraco-lumbar spinal fractures, but not popular. This study suggested the experience to accomplish the decompression of the neural elements and stabilization of the spine by using Kandea device in unstable thoraco-lumbar spinal fractures. 12 patients treated with this Kaneda device in unstable thoraco-lumbar spinal fractures were analyzed from Dec. 1988 to May, 1989 at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ewha Womans University Hospital. We obtained the following conclusions. The results were as follows. 1. The common injury mechanism was falling down in 5 cases, the frequent injury site was 1st lumbar vertebra. 2. According to Denis classification, the bursting fractures were in 8 cases(68% ), the fracture-dislocations were in 4 cases(33%). 3. The average preoperative kyphotic angulation was 24.5 degrees(range 8 to 45) and postoperative angulation was 5 degrees(range 2 to 15), the correction rate was 79.6% and correction degree was average 19.5 degrees. 4. The advantages were the fixation of one level above and below the injury site, sufficient neural decompression, firm spinal stabilization, early mobilization with a brace and elimination of the 2nd posterior procedure. 5. The fixation of vertebral plate was difficult due to the invariable size of vertebral plates, especially, in upper thoracic spinal fracture and children's fracture.
Accidental Falls ; Braces ; Classification ; Decompression ; Early Ambulation ; Female ; Fractures, Compression ; Humans ; Myelography ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Fractures ; Spinal Injuries ; Spine

Apoptosis is an intrinsic and fundamental biological process that plays a critical role in the normal development of multicellular organisms and in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Some of the well known regulators of apoptosis are cytokines of the tumor necrosis factor(TNF) ligand family, such as Fas ligand(Fas L) and TNF, which induce apoptosis by activation of their corresponding receptors, Fas and TNFR-1. Recently, a new member of the TNF family known as TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) was identified and shown to induce p53-independent apoptosis in a variety of tumor cell lines but not in normal cells, Four human receptors for TRAIL were also recently identified and designated TRAIL-R1, -R2, -R3, and -R4. The aim of this study is to examine whether TRAIL and TRAIL receptots(-R1, -R2, -R3) are expressed in uterine cervical cancer and whether it is correlated with apoptosis, TRAIL and TRAIL receptors. The subjects were 20 patients who were diagnosed with cervical cancer. Western blotting was performed in 9 cases, immunohistochemical staining for TRAIL and TRAIL receptors(-R1, -R2, -R3) and TUNEL method for detection of apoptosis in 11 cases. There were proteins for TRAIL, TRAIL-R1, -R2, and -R3 in tissues from cervical cancer. All TRAIL receptors were expressed in both normal cervical epithelium and tumor cells, and TRAIL-Rl and -R2 were more strongly expressed in tumor cells than normal epithelium(p<0.05). Apoptosis correlated with expression of TRAIL-Rl and -R2(p<0.05). This study suggests that TRAIL induces apoptosis in cervical cancer through its receptors.
Antigens, CD95 ; Apoptosis ; Biological Processes ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cytokines ; Epithelium ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Necrosis ; Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

In order to further characterize the basic pattern of electrolyte and nitrogen metabolism of the Korean, 24-hour urines were collected from 1,260 male subjects who were randomly selected from three different geographical areas (city, rural and island) in age from 6 to 25. For the city subjects, studies were conducted in both summer and winter for a seasonal comparison, while the other subjects were studied in the autumn only. Of these subjects, blood samples were also obtained from 225. In all groups, the serum composition of electrolytes including proteins was within normal range. The daily urine output which increased as a function of age was somewhat greater in summer than in winter. The daily urine output per unit surface is decreased inversely according to age. On the other hand, the urine osmolality which increased with age was higher in winter than in summer. The daily salt excretion which was greater in summer than in winter increased according to age, although the daily salt excretion per unit surface area was constant regardless of age. The daily potassium excretion was such that the urinary K/Na ratio decreased according to age while it was higher in winter than in summer. Likewise, the daily nitrogen excretion was much greater in winter than in summer while it increased with age. However, the daily nitrogen excretion per unit surface area decreased in older subjects age. In contrast to these seasonal differences in respect to certain electrolytes and nitrogen excretion, there was no distinct geographic difference in these variables. Moreover, many of the above variables changed according to age, but tended to stabilize at the age of approximately 15 years. A comparison of the present data with others indicates that the daily urine output and the daily salt excretion are greater while the urine osmolality, the daily nitrogen excretion and the urinary K/Na ratio are lower in the Korean than in the occidental. Moreover, these results strongly suggest that Korean people acquired a habit of ingesting low-protein and high-salt diets at the age of 6 years or perhaps before.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Child ; Dietary Proteins ; Electrolytes/*urine ; Human ; Korea ; Male ; Nitrogen/*urine ; Seasons ; *Water-Electrolyte Balance

No abstract available.
Hydrothorax*

Natural cytotoxicity mediated by natural killer (NK) cells is believed to play an important role in host anticancer defense mechanisms. The aim of this study is to compare the number of NK cells in patients with colorectal cancer and hemorrhoids, and before and after surgery in patients with colorectal cancer. Twenty colorectal cancer patients and twenty hemorrhoid ones were studied. Venous blood samples were obtained preoperatively, and on the 7th, and 14th postoperative days. Mononuclear cells were isolated over Ficoll-Hypaque gradients, and T cells, B cells, and NK cells were measured with CD3 FITC (T cell), CD 19 PE (B cell), and CD56 FITC (NK cell) antibody, The number of T cell (/mm3) was 1224, 1280, and 1125 at preoperative, 7th, and 14th postoperative day in hemorrhoid patients and 1195, 901, and 1060 in colorectal cancer patients respectively. The number of B cell (/mm3) was 243, 160, and 250 in hemorrhoid patients and 147, 78, and 113 in colorectal cancer patients. The number NK cell (/mm3) was 148, 156, and 143 in hemorrhoid patients and 129, 85, and 128 in colorectal cancer patients. There was no difference among Dukes stages in the number of NK cells. In conclusion, the number of NK cells was not changed in colorectal cancer patients compared with hemorrhoid ones. Major operation changed the number of NK cells in colorectal cancer patients.
B-Lymphocytes ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Defense Mechanisms ; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate ; Hemorrhoids ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural* ; T-Lymphocytes

No abstract available.
Lymphoma* ; Trachea*