In this study, the feasibility of identification and genotypic differentiation of enteroviruses was investigated by using nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (nested RT-PCR), single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP), and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques. Two hundred seventy-four clinical samples were assayed by both nested RT-PCR and tube culture method using MRC-5 and MK cells; 58 (86.6%) out of 67 enterovirus culture-positive samples contained enteroviral RNA. In addition, 114 (55.1%) of 207 samples from patients with suspected enteroviral CNS disease with negative viral cultures were positive by the nested RT-PCR. The nested RT-PCR products were genotyped by the SSCP method and the results were compared with serotypes. We could differentiate 6 subtypes, 3 of which are similar to coxsackievirus B3, B5, echovirus 11, plus 3 other subtypes. RFLP cleaved with Sty I, Bgl I, and Xmn I yielded characteristic patterns for each laboratory strains. This study demonstrates the usefulness of the RT-PCR for the rapid diagnosis of enterovirus infection and the potentials of the SSCP method for differentiation of enterovirus strains.
Central Nervous System Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Enterovirus B, Human ; Enterovirus Infections ; Enterovirus* ; Genotype* ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; RNA

No abstract available.
Thrombocythemia, Essential*

No abstract available.
Compliance*

Premacular hemorrhage (preretinal,subhyaloid, or sub-internal limiting membrane hemorrhage)impairs central vision abruptly and occurs in various underlying diseases. In cases of persistent hemorrhage, permanent impairment of vision may occur. Proposed therapeutic options for premacular hemorrhage consist of conservative treatment, laser photodisruption and early vitrectomy. Laser photodisruption may be performed in cases of persistent or slow-clearing hemorrhage, in patients with occupational need for prompt restoration of binocular vision or in patients with poor vision in their fellow eyes. The authors report 4 patients with premacular hemorrhage who were treated with Nd: YAG laser photodisruption with the review of the literatures.
Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Lasers, Solid-State* ; Membranes ; Vision, Binocular ; Vitrectomy

Transeurethral Radiofrequency (TURF) Thermotherapy is a new acceptable treatment modality for benign prostatic hyperplasia. We treated 70 cases of BPH patients by TURF Thermotherapy (THERMEX-II). Among them, we got a follow-up observation on 37 patients (urinary retention: 16 cases, non-urinary retention:21 cases) each at 1 month and 3 months after treatment. Mean age of patients was 69.1 years and their mean prostatic weight was 40.5gr by transrectal prostatic ultrasonogram. All patients were treated single session for 2 hours without any sedation, and well tolerated with the temperature of 47-48degree. We evaluate patients with Boyarsky symptom score, urine flow rate, volume of residual urine and patient`s subjective symptoms before and after treat- The results were as follows ; 1. The mean Boyarsky symptom score was 15.4 before treatment, it became 9.9 at 1 month and 8.8 at 3 months after treatment. 2. In the retention patients : Mean maximal flow rate was 6.53ml/sec at 1 month. 8.47ml/sec at 3 months, and residual urine was 70ml at 1 month, 57ml at 3 months after treatment. 3. In the non-retention patients : Mean maximal flow rate increased from 4.74ml/sec to 10.29ml/ sec at 1 month. 10.76ml/sec at 3 months, and residual urine decreased from 60.7ml/ to 20ml at 1 month. 17.2ml at 3 months after treatment. 4. Complications were acute urinary retention (14.3% ) and gross hematuria (8.1%), but it was resolved by conservative treatment. There were no urinary tract infection, bladder spasm or other complications after treatment. We conclude TURF thermotherapy is one of the good and safe treatment in benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Follow-Up Studies ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Spasm ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Retention ; Urinary Tract Infections

We assessed the degree of mydriasis induced by 1% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine compared with that induced by 1% tropicamide and 10% phenylephrine in 100 patients with diabetes. Additionally we studied the difference of pupillary dilatation according to duration of dibetes, severity of retinopathy, and performance of photocoagulation. Maximum dilated pupillary diameter was 7.25+/-1.27mm in 2.5% phenylephrine group and 7.32+/-1.36mm in 10% phenylephrine group, respectively the difference in pupillary dilatation between two groups was not statistically significant. We advise the use of the 2.5% phenylephrine in patients with diabetes, who already exhibit a higher prevalence of vascular disease and autonomic nerve system dysfunction because 2.5% phenylephrine may produce a lower incidence of side effects than 10% concentration and have the same effect of pupil dilatation as 10% phenylephrine.
Autonomic Pathways ; Dilatation* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Light Coagulation ; Mydriasis ; Phenylephrine* ; Prevalence ; Pupil ; Tropicamide ; Vascular Diseases

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Esophageal Atresia* ; Fistula* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Prune Belly Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Prune Belly Syndrome*

We report a case of Hunter' s syndrome with characteristic nodules on the upper back. The patient was a 7-year-old Korean boy who presented with ivory-colored papules and nodules on both sides of the scapula, pectoral regions and lateral aspects of the upper arms. These lesione are regarded as pathognomonic cutaneous markers for Hunter s syndrome. He also presented with truncal hypertrichosis, retarded growth, short neck, round face, claw like contractures of hands, multiple joint contractures, and a clear cornea. Severely elevated glycosaminoglycan levels were present in the patient s urine samples. The patient s 5-year-old brother had similar clinical features.
Animals ; Arm ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Contracture ; Cornea ; Hand ; Hoof and Claw ; Humans ; Hypertrichosis ; Joints ; Male ; Mucopolysaccharidosis II* ; Neck ; Scapula ; Siblings