The objective of this study was to apply a dementia prevention program to the subjects who were suspected of dementia and test its effect. This study was one group pretest-posttest design. The dementia prevention program was applied for 20 weeks to the 19 subjects who were suspected of dementia after a screen test among 638 subjects enrolled in 10 senior citizen's centers in G city. The scores of measured before and after the program. The data collected were analyzed using a SPSS (statistical analysis system) program, and frequencies, averages and standard deviations were obtained. The differences of the scores of the pretest and posttest were analyzed with Mann-Whitney test and sign test. The results were as follows: 1. After the program, the average score of self-efficacy was increased from 75.31 (standard deviation 11.99) to 84.26 (standard deviation 13.92). 2. There are no differences between the average scores of physical and psychological quality of life, however, the average score of social quality of life was slightly increased from 2.25 (standard deviation 0.40) to 2.53 (standard deviation 0.43), and the overall score of social quality of life was low. 3. The average score of cognition was significantly increased from 21.00 (standard deviation 2.60) to 24.58 (standard deviation 3.37), thus, it was found that the program was effective to improve the cognition level. 4. The score differences of self-efficacy, quality of life, cognition between the pretest and posttest were statistically significant. 5. The score differences of quality of life between the pretest and posttest were found to be dependent on marital status, exercise and regular chechup yes or no. In conclusion, the program was effective to prevent the subjects suspected of dementia from dementia.
Cognition ; Dementia* ; Marital Status ; Quality of Life

No abstract available.
Female ; Ovary*

The main trend moves towards early excision and skin grafting as treatment for the deep second degree burns and the third degree burns. The ability to excision & skin grafting. This study prospectively evaluated the ability of laser doppler flow measurements obtained within 72 hours after burn injury to predict the depth of burn wounds. A Periflux system 4001 laser doppler flowmetry had been used to measure cutaneous microflow circulation of 100 selected points of burn wounds in 44 admitted patients from March 1993 to February 1994. The mean value of superficial second degree burn checked by laser doppler was 194.6 perfusion unit(PU). The deep second degree burn was 59.7 PU and third degree burn was 5.1 PU. The blood flow of more than 100 PU reliably predicted the superficial second degree burn with 90.2 percents accuracy. The blood flow between 100 PU and 10 PU predict the deep second degree dermal burn with 96.2 percents accuracy. That of less than 10 PU predict the third degree burn with 100 percents accuracy. There was also a significant correlation between initial flow measurements and the depth of burn wounds. We conclude that laser doppler flow measurements performed early after burn injury are useful in predicting the depth of burn wounds. The laser doppler flowmetry has the advantage of being easy to use, noninvasive, provide immediate result for early determination of burn depth. The laser doppler flowmetry is useful in selecting patients for early excision and grafting of burn wounds.
Burns* ; Humans ; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry* ; Perfusion ; Prospective Studies ; Skin Transplantation ; Transplants ; Wounds and Injuries

No abstract available.
Humans ; Insemination* ; Spermatozoa*

PURPOSE: Planovalgus deformity in children with generalized ligamentous laxity is usually asymptomatic, but it sometimes causes severe deformity and functional problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate, post-operatively, functional outcomes, plantar pressure and radiographic results of symptomatic planovalgus with generalized ligamentous laxity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included a total of 42 feet of 24 patients that had undergone a calcaneal lengthening osteotomy or an extra-articular subtalar arthrodesis. The mean age of the patients at the time of the index operation was 10.5 years (range, 6-15.6 years), and the mean duration of follow-up was 51 months (range, 18-92 months). Patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically using the Oxford Ankle Foot Questionnaire, AOFAS score, Mosca criteria, standard radiographs and dynamic pedobarographs. RESULTS: Functional outcomes at the latest available follow-up were excellent except for three feet. No foot had a significant limitation affecting the patient's daily activities. Both surgical treatments improved radiographic parameters. The parameters of dynamic pedobarographs, including the relative vertical impulse and the peak pressure, decreased for the medial aspect of the forefoot and midfoot, while they increased for the lateral aspect of the forefoot, midfoot and calcaneus after surgical treatment. The change in the center of pressure indicated a significant lateral shift in the weight-bearing surface of the foot. CONCLUSION: Calcaneal lengthening osteotomy and extra-articular subtalar arthrodesis appear to be effective means for pain relief and clinical improvement in children with symptomatic planovalgus deformity and generalized ligamentous laxity. Further follow-up evaluation is needed to obtain long-term clinical and radiographic results with regard to skeletal maturation and changes in generalized ligamentous laxity.
Animals ; Ankle ; Arthrodesis ; Calcaneus ; Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Osteotomy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Retrospective Studies ; Weight-Bearing

In order to clarify the genetic relationship between Koreans and Akha, Lahu native tribes around the mountain area in Northern Thailand, authors examined the metric and non-metric mophological variations of the maxillary anterior teeth. The subjects were 54 in Akha tribe (25 males, 29 female) and 114 in Lahu tribe (57 males, 57 females), and their ages were 20 to 65 (mean age 34). The prevalence of the shovel-shaped incisor in maxillary anterior teeth was 85% in Lahu tribe. Among the another non-metric variations, the prevalence of the peg lateralis was 3 cases in Akha female and 8 cases in Lahu tribe (4 males, 4 females). And the supernumernary tooth located between the right and left maxillary central incisors was observed in 2 cases, the congenital missings of the maxillary lateral incisor were in 2 cases(1 Akha, 1 Lahu tribe), and the congenital missings of the maxillary canine were in 3 cases(1 Akha, 2 Lahu tribe). The maximal mesio-distal diameters of the maxillary anterior teeth in Akha and Lahu tribes showed no discrepancy with regard to those of koreans and the dental measurements of the male were larger than the female (p<0.05). The dental measurements of the Lahu tribe were more closer to Korean than those of Akha Tribe were. Especlally, the mean mesio-distal diameter of the maxillary anterior teeth in Lahu female had no difference to Korean adult female (p<0.05). On the basis of the above results, authors thought that the anthropological similarity to Koreans was higher in Lahu than Akha tribe with respect to the dentition, but the further anthropological studies such as the height, body proportion, and finger print should be needed.
Adult ; Body Height ; Dentition ; Female ; Fingers ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Population Groups* ; Prevalence ; Thailand* ; Tooth*

We carried out several anthropological measurements of the eye and nose in the Uygur living in Xinjiang Province, the Uygur autonomous region in the west China, as a part of works to investigate the anthropological traits of the Uygur. The number of sample was 214 (120 males and 94 females) in the western area and 248 (182 males and 66 females) in the eastern area of the province, all of whom were over 18 in age. The items were 13 in all·9 items regarding to the eye and 4 to the nose. The measurements were executed using image analyzer on the photographs taken from front, 45° left lateral, and 90° left lateral side. The western and eastern areas were regarded as experimental groups and the measured values were compared with each other. In addition, the values were also compared to those of the Korean already published. In males, the eastern people showed somewhat wider nasal breadth (ala-ala) and larger corneal diameter. There was also a tendency for the palpabral fissure to be more inclined, and for the interectocanthal distance to be larger in eastern males than those in the west. Regarding females, the easterner revealed wider intercanthal distance, and shorter and more inclined palpabral fissure than in the westerner. The corneal diameter was larger in the easterner as was the ease in males. Compared with the previously published Korean measurements, the easterner showed more approximated values in almost all items than the westerner, regardless of the sex.
China* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nose* ; Photogrammetry

Stature and four cephalometric measurements (head lengh, head breadth, bizygomatic diameter, bigonial diameter) were examined from samples of 461 Uygur in Xinjiang, China. Comparisons of head and facial morphology with geographically adjacent tribes were carried out to characterize Uygur population and to understand racial hybridity. Most of Uygur were hyperbrachycephalic as expressed by cephalic index and had larger lateral facial and smaller antero-posterior dimensions than Western Caucasians. The values of metric traits showed differences between East and West among Uygur populations. The results support the genetic diversity that seems to be caused by genetic hybridity and unequal growth between East and West in Uygur.
China* ; Genetic Variation ; Head* ; Humans ; Population Groups

PURPOSE: To analyze the difference in sagittal balance based on different positions of both arms and to promote the proper lateral spine view which can reconstruct the most functional posture of sagittal balance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We applied X-rays to thirty healthy male adults with no spinal diseases after application of marks on the skin surface at the location of the C7 and S1 vertebrae with the following five postures, standing lateral position with both arms neutral (posture A) with both shoulders flexed thirty degrees and ninety degrees (postures B and C) with both arms crossed (posture D) with both shoulders flexed ninety degrees and with both arms on a parallel bar (posture E). We analyzed the differences of the sagittal vertical axis, thoracic kyphotic angle, lumbar lordotic angle, and sacral inclination angle after the postural changes. RESULTS: The average sagittal vertical axis value from posture A to E was 1.47+/-2.06 cm, -0.58+/-2.96 cm, -2.11+/-2.67 cm, 0.16+/-2.38 cm, and -0.51+/-2.70 cm. We discovered that five postures were statistically different (one-way ANOVA, p<0.001) and that posture D was the closest to posture A (Duncan's multiple comparison test). However we did not observe any statistical differences among the thoracic kyphotic angle, the lumbar lordotic angle, and sacral inclination angle postures. CONCLUSION: We can reconstruct the functional sagittal alignment in the cross-arm position, which is the closest to the normal standing position.
Adult ; Arm ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Humans ; Male ; Posture ; Shoulder ; Skin ; Spinal Diseases ; Spine

Metric dimensions of skull of Korean adults were measured and the indices of each dimension were calculated to identify the morphological characteristics of neurocrania of Koreans in 97 cases. The results were as follows. The maximal anteroposterior length was 171.6±8.4 (149.0~191.0)mm and the maximal lateral length (maximal breadth) was 142.4±5.4 (128.0~155.0)mm. The horizontal cranial index was 83.3±5.0 and therefore the neurocrania of Koreans were classified to brachycranic type (rounded cranium). The auriculo-bregmatic height was 119.3±5.1mm and basio-bregmatic height was 140.5±4.9mm. The height-breadth index on the basis of the auriculo-bregmatic height was 98.5±3.6, and belong to medium skull. The height-length index was 81.8±3.8, therefore they belonged to high skull. Height-breadth index on the basis of auliculo-bregmatic height was 85.4±5.7, and belonged to medium skull, and the height-length index was 70.5±5.4 and belonged to high skull. In the case of mean height index, the auriculo-bregmatic height was 77.2±5.0 (high skull), basio-bregmatic height was 87.6±2.6 (high skull).
Adult* ; Humans ; Skull