PURPOSE: We used MRI to retrospectively analyze the brain of patients suffering from cerebral palsy. Our aim is to determine MRI's role in the assessment of brain damage, the relationship of gestational age. METHODS: A total of 66 patients(29 preform group and 37 term group), who visited Kang-Dong Sacred Heart Hospital from January, 1994 to July, 1998, were enrolled in this study. RESULTS: Among the 29 in the preform group, 13 patients showed MR images of hypoxic ischemic injury in which periventricular leukomalacid(PVL) and multifocal ischemic necrosis in 12(41.3%) and 1(3.4%) respectively. Neuronal migration disorders were 6(20.8%), other congenital malformations 5(17%) and normal MR images 5(17%) in this preform group. Among the 37 in the term group, 22 patients showed MR images of hypoxic ischemic injury in which selective neuronal necrosis were 11(29.7%), PVL 4(10.8%), focal and multifocal ischemic necrosis 4(10.8%) and status marmoratus 3(8.1%). Neuronal migration disorders were 4(10.8%), other congenital malformations 5(13.5%) and normal MR images 6(16.2%) in the term group. CONCLUSION: MRI provided useful information in a majority of children with cerebral palsy. Hypoxic ischemic injury was significantly different in preform and term groups. PVL was frequent in the preterm group and selective neuronal necrosis was statistically common in the term group.
Brain* ; Cerebral Palsy ; Child* ; Gestational Age ; Heart ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Movement Disorders ; Necrosis ; Neuronal Migration Disorders ; Neurons ; Paralysis* ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Korea*

In order to investigate electrolyte changes in serum and urine diuretic therapy, we studied 98 patients with hypertension not optimally controlled by previous treatment. After we divied the patients into three gorups in randomized trial, group A were given Amiloride 10mg/day, group B were given Dihydrochlorothiazide 50mg/day, group C were given Amiloride 5mg/day combined with Dihydrochlorothiazide 25mg/day for 7 days. Blood pressure and electrolyte changes in serum and urine after diuretic theraphy for 7 days were as follows. 1) Serum sodium concentrations were not significantly changed in all three groups(P>0.05). 2) Serum potassium concentrations were increased in group A and C (P<0.05), but there were no significant changes in group B(P<0.05). 3) Urinary sodium exceretions were increased in all three groups(P<0.05). 4) Urinary potassium excretion were decreased in group A and C (P<0.05), but there were increased in group B (P<0.05). 5) Blood pressure were decreased in all three groups(P<0.05).
Amiloride ; Blood Pressure ; Diuretics* ; Electrolytes* ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide ; Hypertension* ; Potassium ; Sodium

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Male ; Penile Erection*

PURPOSE: Nutritional as well as genetic and hormonal factors play an important role in the bone mineralization during childhood and adolescence. There are several physical and metabolic changes in obese children, and these changes may influence on the mineralization of the skeleton. The studies about bone mineralization of obese children are rare and contradictory. This study was performed to evaluate the influence of childhood obesity on bone mineral density(BMD). METHODS: The BMD of 49 obese and 41 non-obese children were measured at lumbar spines(L2-L4) using dual energy X-ray bone absorptiometry. Then, the results were assessed and compared according to the degree of obesity and pubertal sex maturation. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in BMD between obese children and non-obese children(0.87+/-.19 g/cm2 vs 0.81+/-.13 g/cm2). BMD increased according to the Tanner' pubertal staging, and the most marked increment was observed at overt puberty. No sex difference in BMD was seen in both obese and non-obese children. BMD was highly correlated with age, height, weight and body mass index(BMI), but there was no significant correlation between BMD and osteocalcin. CONCLUSION: BMD of obese children was not significantly different from that of non-obese children, and BMD also was not changed according to the degree of obesity. These findings suggest that BMD is not influenced by obesity in children.
Adolescent ; Bone Density* ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Child* ; Humans ; Obesity* ; Osteocalcin ; Pediatric Obesity ; Puberty ; Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Maturation ; Skeleton

Epiblepharon is a commonly encountered congenital anomaly in Asian infants and children. It causes symptoms of ocular irritation and inferior punctate corneal epithelial erosion. Surgical correction may be needed if ocular irritation symptom and corneal pathology persist with age. A series of 185 lower eyelid epiblepharon in 98 Korean children underwent lower eyelid crease reforming technique. Surgical treatment included excision of redundant skin and pretarsal orbicularis muscle with lid everting suture by anastomosis of the subcutaneous tissue and inferior tarsal border including capsulopalpebral fascia. With a minimum follow-up of 12 months, a total of 37 [20%]eyelids developed recurrence of cilia touch, and then 9 [4.8%]eye-lids needed further surgery.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Child ; Cilia ; Eyelids* ; Fascia ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Pathology ; Recurrence ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Sutures

No abstract available.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic*

Paraneoplastic pemphigus is a distinct and rare autoimmune disease characterized by extensive and painful mucosal ulcerations and polymorphic desquamated skin lesions in the setting of an underlying neoplasm, typically of lymphoreticular origin. Thus difficulties in the management of anesthesia can be expected. A 66-years-old man was scheduled for removal of intraabdominal sarcoma associated with paraneoplastic pemphigus. Physical examination showed multiple erythematous bullae, crusts, plaques and target-like lesions on the whole body and desquamated erythematous skin lesions on the back and extremities. In the operating room, his right femoral artery was cannulated with a 20 G, 12.7 cm CVP catheter and left femoral and subclavian veins with 14 G, 20 cm CVP catheters, respectively. After application of 4 % lidocaine spray, his oropharynx and supraglottic area were evaluated under direct laryngoscopy and revealed multiple ulcerations on oral mucosa, but no distinct lesion on supraglottic area. Anesthesia was induced by rapid-sequence method with fentanyl, thiopental sodium and succinylcholine followed by endotracheal intubation. The endotracheal tube was held by a roll gauze around the neck and its cuff was minimally inflated to avoid overpressure against his tracheal wall. After the end of surgery, his oral cavity was suctioned with no remarkable bleeding, and tracheal wall including cuff-contacted area was evaluated under fiberoptic bronchoscopy, revealed intact wall without any bulla or ulceration. The patient was transferred to intensive care unit for proper postoperative management after extubation of endotracheal tube.
Anesthesia ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Bronchoscopy ; Catheters ; Extremities ; Femoral Artery ; Fentanyl ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laryngoscopy ; Lidocaine ; Mouth ; Mouth Mucosa ; Neck ; Operating Rooms ; Oropharynx ; Pemphigus* ; Physical Examination ; Sarcoma ; Skin ; Subclavian Vein ; Succinylcholine ; Suction ; Thiopental ; Ulcer

Agenesis of the dorsal pancreas is one of the rare congenital anomalies of the pancreas. Six cases of them have been reported. We have experienced an autopsy case of agenesis of the dorsal pancreas associated with fetal death in the uterus. Grossly, the body and tail of the pancreas and uncinate process were not found and those were partially replaced by adipose tissue. No abnormality was noted in the other organs. Microscopically, pancreatic tissue with autolytic change was identified only in the head portion of the pancreas.